1,721,016 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Improving the Sustainability Assessment of the Olympic Games through Environmentally-Extended Input-Output Analysis
No full textMega sporting events like the Olympic Games have significant impacts on society, economy and the environment. This thesis aims to enhance the comprehensive sustainability assessment of the Olympic Games. Previous research showed that the sustainability of the Games is declining, which contradicts the International Olympic Committee’s ambitions to steadily improve sustainability, culminating in Paris 2024’s goal to be the first climate-positive Games. Moreover, some of the indicators used in this previous approach have validity deficiencies, leading to uncertainties of the analysis. Therefore, we investigated the development of sustainability of ten Olympic Games between 2000 and 2018 applying an environmentally-extended input-output analysis (EE-IOA). Along the way, we explored the general potential of EE-IOA, as one of the systems analysis approaches of Industrial Ecology. EE-IOA is a logical step, as input-output analysis (IOA) is already a common tool for analyzing the pure economic impact of the Olympic Games. We found stagnating sustainability for the Olympic Summer Games and decreasing sustainability of the Winter Games. We furthermore showed that expenditures in venue constructions are often the main driver of impacts. Moreover, this study revealed that displaced impacts are frequently displaced to developing nations. Overall, we showed that the development of the sustainability of the Olympic Games stands in contrast to the aspired ambitions. For Olympic Organizing Committees this assessment method is a feasible addition to provide valuable insights in order to reduce impacts caused by hosting the Games. The findings imply the necessity of initiating a societal dialogue concerning the trade-off between selecting sustainable countries as hosts for the Olympic Games or considering the inclusion of developing, less sustainable nations in hosting future Olympic Games, which lies within the Olympic motto.Industrial Ecolog
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
The decarbonisation of process heat in the German food and beverages industry: A study quantifying the techno-economic potential of High-Temperature Heat Pumps in the German food and beverages industry, the GHG emission abatement potential, and evaluating the economic and political framework conditions for industrial decarbonisation
No full textIndustrial decarbonisation has largely stagnated over the last years in Germany. A large share of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions stem from the combustion of natural gas for producing higher temperature process heat. High-Temperature Heat Pumps (HTHPs) are an emerging technology that can upgrade waste heat with electrical input to high temperatures needed for the processes and thus can contribute to the electrification of industries. Hence, HTHP can significantly reduce GHG emissions stemming from the production of process heat. While residential heat pumps are widely commercially available due to lower temperature requirements, no HTHPs were installed in German industries in 2018 due to multiple technical, market, and knowledge barriers. HTHPs are expected to reach temperatures up to 250°C soon, making the food and beverages industry a suitable sector due to process temperature requirements at the lower industrial spectrum (<250°C). The International Energy Agency (IEA) outlines that HTHPs are a core emerging technology to replace fossil-fuel boilers in industry over the next decades. Thus, there is a large market ahead for manufacturers. This study evaluates the techno-economic potential of HTHPs in the Germany food and beverages industry. Further, it evaluates the GHG emissions abatement potential in relation to total GHG emissions of the industrial sector. This study has a generalized and systemic scope, thus does neither consider specific case studies, nor performs process optimization. It follows a bottom-up approach to include process- and technology-specific information and scales it up to national level. This study uses two waste heat scenarios, first considering an average 45°C industrial waste heat availability as worst-case, and second considering direct exhaust temperatures as best-case scenario. The generic bottom-up approach results in limited, but more detailed, coverage which makes the results conservative estimates for the application potential of HTHPs in German industries. The most energy-intensive sub-sectors of the German food and beverages industry are sugar production, meat processing, dairy processing, bakery products production and beer production, which together accounted for approximately 9333 kt-CO2-equivalents in 2020. The processes dominating the thermal energy demand are mainly pasteurisation, cooking, baking, evaporation, and drying processes, which require higher temperatures for the evaporation of liquids and boiling off bacteria. The thermodynamic efficiency, the COPs, of applying HTHPs to the processes lay between 1,7 – 4,8 for the worst-case scenario and 2,4 – 22,7 for the best-case scenario. The technical potential for 2018 results in 12 TWh. Between 3 - 5,5 TWh of electricity are required to cover the technical potential. The GHG emissions abatement potential lays between 52 - 855 kt-CO2-eq. This could mean a reduction of up to 9% of total GHG emissions of the five sub-branches. Due to very high electricity costs and an absent carbon tax in industry in 2018, the most cost-effective scenario (50 MW HTHP in the best-case) is not cost-competitive with the optimized fossil-fuel benchmark. The levelized cost of heat (LCOH) for this scenario is 37 €/MWh, of which approximately 67% are stemming from electricity costs. With a carbon tax of min. 48 €/t-CO2-eq. the switch to an HTHP becomes cost-competitive (incl. maintenance and investment costs). With an expected increase in carbon taxation, less efficient scenarios become cost competitive. By reducing the electricity price by 50%, the best-case scenario with the large HTHP is cost-competitive without a carbon tax. Hence, there is a strong correlation between electricity price and cost-competitiveness of HTHPs. It is expected that the emission factor of the German electricity mix will decrease further in the future and strive towards zero in the long-term, which will lead to substantial increase of GHG emissions abatement potential. When the emission factor for electricity is reduced by 38%, the GHG emissions abatement potential lays at 16% of total GHG emissions of the five sub-branches. The timely investment into HTHPs drastically reduces the risk of sunken costs and makes industrial decarbonisation efforts in this decade attractive from an industrial perspective. Subsidies, carbon taxation, and the reduction of electricity prices by for example removing the German renewable energy levy (EEG) can contribute to making low-carbon technologies such as HTHPs more competitive to fossil-fuel infrastructure that run on fossil fuels with low prices in the industrial sector. Industrial decarbonisation is highly relevant in Germany due to the recent tightening of industrial decarbonisation targets and the systemic demonstration of HTHPs potentials crucial to achieving the latter.Industrial Ecolog
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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