12,434 research outputs found
Comparative analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis pe and ppe genes reveals high sequence variation and an apparent absence of selective constraints.
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110619.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) genomes contain 2 large gene families termed pe and ppe. The function of pe/ppe proteins remains enigmatic but studies suggest that they are secreted or cell surface associated and are involved in bacterial virulence. Previous studies have also shown that some pe/ppe genes are polymorphic, a finding that suggests involvement in antigenic variation. Using comparative sequence analysis of 18 publicly available MTBC whole genome sequences, we have performed alignments of 33 pe (excluding pe_pgrs) and 66 ppe genes in order to detect the frequency and nature of genetic variation. This work has been supplemented by whole gene sequencing of 14 pe/ppe (including 5 pe_pgrs) genes in a cohort of 40 diverse and well defined clinical isolates covering all the main lineages of the M. tuberculosis phylogenetic tree. We show that nsSNP's in pe (excluding pgrs) and ppe genes are 3.0 and 3.3 times higher than in non-pe/ppe genes respectively and that numerous other mutation types are also present at a high frequency. It has previously been shown that non-pe/ppe M. tuberculosis genes display a remarkably low level of purifying selection. Here, we also show that compared to these genes those of the pe/ppe families show a further reduction of selection pressure that suggests neutral evolution. This is inconsistent with the positive selection pressure of "classical" antigenic variation. Finally, by analyzing such a large number of genes we were able to detect large differences in mutation type and frequency between both individual genes and gene sub-families. The high variation rates and absence of selective constraints provides valuable insights into potential pe/ppe function. Since pe/ppe proteins are highly antigenic and have been studied as potential vaccine components these results should also prove informative for aspects of M. tuberculosis vaccine design
La montaña vacía : poemas de Wang Wei
No full textWang Wei (701-761), pintor, músico y poeta de la dinastia Tang, es el poeta más representativo de la poesía budista en la historia literaria china
Evolution of Keelung Community-based Integrated Screening: More Emphasis on the Role of Primary Health Care?
No full textPe Limbo Gara 2
No full textIn this recording, Wang Xuecai tells a story traditionally told at Lizu weddings by the master of ceremony. It is about the marriage between the Chinese princess Wencheng Gongzhu and the Tibetan prince Songtsän Gampo. How the Tibetan minister mGar travelled to China and served as a matchmaker between the princess and the prince. Ending of the storyEquipment: Fostex Fr-2 AKG C 480 B+CK61-ULS (cardiod) + AKG C 480 B Preamplifier (stereo
Asplenium pseudopraemorsum Ching & Wang 1964
No full textAsplenium pseudopraemorsum Ching & Wang (Figure 5) Type:— CHINA. Hainan: Ling-shui Hsien, Seven Finger Mountain (?Baoting, Qixianling), 13 January 1934, C. Wang et al. 36520 (holotype, PE-01768892!). Additional specimens examined:— CHINA. Hainan: Baoting, Qixianling, elev. ca. 500 m, 26 December 2008, X. C . Zhang et al. 5516 (PE-01857945!); same locality, 13 December 2012, In-Chun Hwang cn0070 (PE-01962734); same locality, 800 m, 18°42′43.15′′N, 109°42′8.76′′E, February 2017, K. W . Xu 264 (SYS). VIETNAM. Khanh Hoa: Hon Ba Nature Reserve, stream behind Yersins house, 1300–1400 m, 24 October 2015, Li-Bing Zhang, Xin-Mao Zhou, Thien Tam Luong, Minh Tri Dang & Bich Ha Duong 8732 (CDBI, MO, PHH). Distribution:—(Hainan Island) China and Vietnam. Ecology:—In Vietnam, Asplenium pseudopraemorsum grows in damp broad-leaved forests as a lithophyte. Note:— Asplenium pseudopraemorsum was originally described based on a single collection from Hainan island in southern China (Ching & Wang 1964). It is morphologically most similar to A. aethiopicum (Burman f. 1768: 32) Becherer (1935: 23), but the former is 40–45 cm tall, pinnae 3–3.5 cm long, pinna stalks 2–4 mm long, and lamina and rachis without reddish brown fimbriate scales, whereas the latter is 25–45 cm tall, pinnae 2.5–4.5 cm long and subsessile, and lamina and rachis with reddish brown fimbriate scales. This species was previously thought to be endemic to Hainan Island with very narrow distribution in China, and it appears to be very rare in Vietnam.Published as part of Xu, Ke-Wang, Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Zhang, Liang & Zhang, Li-Bing, 2021, Asplenium quangbinhense sp. nov. and three new records of Asplenium (Aspleniaceae) from Vietnam, pp. 113-120 in Phytotaxa 521 (2) on page 119, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.521.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/553359
Pe Limbo Gara 1
No full textIn this recording, Wang Xuecai tells a story traditionally told at Lizu weddings by the master of ceremony. It is about the marriage between the Chinese princess Wencheng Gongzhu and the Tibetan prince Songtsän Gampo. How the Tibetan minister mGar travelled to China and served as a matchmaker between the princess and the prince. Part 1Equipment: Fostex Fr-2 AKG C 480 B+CK61-ULS (cardiod) + AKG C 480 B Preamplifier (stereo
A socio-ecological approach to understanding adolescent girls' engagement and experiences in the PE environment : a case study design
Full text linkAdolescence is known to be a period of increased risk for the development of unhealthy behaviours such as physical inactivity (Currie et al., 2011). Low physical activity (PA) levels are especially noted in girls, who typically engage in less PA than boys throughout the teenage years (Whitehead and Biddle 2008). In Scotland, evidence suggests there is a significant decline in PA among adolescent girls, with only 41% of 13−15 year olds achieving the current recommendations, compared with 56% of 11−12 year olds (Scottish Executive, 2011). In addition, a proportion of girls are not engaging with school PE classes (Niven et al., 2014; Kirby et al., 2012). In order to understand more about how and why this decline exists, a sample of 20 ‘disengaged’ 12−13-year-old girls (second year of secondary school) were recruited from four case study schools in Scotland. This study aims to explore the interaction between the social and physical environment, and how these affect disengaged girls’ experiences and engagement in PE. Girls were categorised as ‘disengaged’ from PE if they did not participate regularly and reported negative emotions about the subject. Girls took part in in-depth interviews to explore their experiences and engagement in PE. The theoretical framework is based on Welks (1999) Youth Physical Activity Promotion model (YPAP), a socio-ecological approach which conceptualises the influential correlates of PA as: individual-level predisposing and enabling factors, including personal attributes and environmental variables and reinforcing (social) factors. This model was applied within a Scottish education context to understand the importance of each component and also the interaction between these and the influence that one may have on another. The results indicate that although the type of activity offered in PE is important, it appears that perceptions of competence and the social environment these were delivered in, such as single-sex classes, had more of an influence on girls’ engagement in PE. For this group of Scottish adolescent girls, the wider psychosocial environment in which PE takes place may have a greater impact on levels of enjoyment and participation than the PA itself.Peer reviewe
Transferrin-PEG-PE modified dexamethasone conjugated cationic lipid carrier mediated gene delivery system for tumor-targeted transfection
No full textWei Wang,1 Fang Zhou,2 Linfu Ge,2 Ximin Liu,2 Fansheng Kong21Department of Chinese Medicine Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, General Hospital of Ji’nan Command, Ji’nan, China; 2Department of Hematology, General Hospital of Ji’nan Command, Ji’nan, ChinaBackground: The main barriers to non-viral gene delivery include cellular and nuclear membranes. As such, the aim of this study was to develop a type of vector that can target cells through receptor-mediated pathways and by using nuclear localization signal (NLS) to increase the nuclear uptake of genetic materials.Methods: A dexamethasone (Dexa)-conjugated lipid was synthesized as the material of the solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), and transferrin (Tf) was linked onto polyethylene glycol-phosphatidylethanolamine (PEG-PE) to obtain Tf-PEG-PE ligands for the surface modification of the carriers. The in vitro transfection efficiency of the novel modified vectors was evaluated in human hepatoma carcinoma cell lines, and in vivo effects were observed in an animal model.Results: Tf-PEG-PE modified SLNs/enhanced green fluorescence protein plasmid (pEGFP) had a particle size of 222 nm and a gene loading quantity of 90%. Tf-PEG-PE-modified SLNs/pEGFP (Tf-SLNs/pEGFP) displayed remarkably higher transfection efficiency than non-modified SLNs/pEGFP and the vectors not containing Dexa, both in vitro and in vivo.Conclusion: It can be concluded that Tf and Dexa could function as an excellent active targeting ligand to improve the cell targeting and nuclear targeting ability of the carriers, and the resulting nanomedicine could be a promising active targeting drug/gene delivery system.Keywords: gene delivery, active targeting, transferrin-PEG-PE, dexamethasone conjugated lipid, nuclear localizatio
Bituminous Binder and Bituminous Mixture Modified with Waste Polyethylene
No full textRILEM TC-279 WMR task group TG 1 studied the performance of waste Polyethylene (PE) in bituminous binders and bituminous mixtures. Several laboratories participated in this study following a common protocol. Locally sources aggregates and bituminous binder and same source of waste PE were utilized. The binder experiments showed that at high temperatures, using MSCR tests, PE modified blends had better resistance to permanent deformation in comparison to the non modified binder. Whereas at intermediate temperatures, using the LAS tests, fatigue performance of the PE blends could withstand more loading cycles under low strains; however, it could sustain less loading cycles under high strains due to the increase in brittleness. Dry process was used for the mixture experiments in order to bypass the stability and inhomogeneity experience that was observed at the binder scale. The PE modified mixtures showed improved workability and increased strength. The higher the PE dosage, the higher the ITS increase with respect to the values measured for the control materials (i.e., without any plastic waste) thanks to the improved cohesion of the plastic modified mastic. The stiffness experiments tended to show an improved performance with a lower time dependence and a higher elasticity when plastic was added. The cyclic compression tests demonstrated a reduced creep rate along with a higher creep modulus thanks to the addition of PE; similar conclusions can be drawn from the experimental findings coming from wheel tracking test. Furthermore, acceptable and often improved moisture resistance was observed for PE modified materials.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Pavement Engineerin
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