572 research outputs found
sj-pdf-1-wso-10.1177_17474930211053139 - Supplemental material for Quality-of-care comparison of stroke: The reliability and robustness of ranking by process or outcome measures
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-wso-10.1177_17474930211053139 for Quality-of-care comparison of stroke: The reliability and robustness of ranking by process or outcome measures by Jingkun Li, Peng Qu, Chao Wang, Xi Li, Shuang Hou and Meina Liu in International Journal of Stroke</p
sj-pdf-1-imr-10.1177_03000605211062789 - Supplemental material for Effects of different sedatives/analgesics on stress responses in patients undergoing craniotomy and bone flap decompression
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-imr-10.1177_03000605211062789 for Effects of different sedatives/analgesics on stress responses in patients undergoing craniotomy and bone flap decompression by Qingduo Guo, Meina Ma, Qiuying Yang, Hong Yu, Xupeng Wang, Chunling Wu and Rui Li in Journal of International Medical Research</p
sj-docx-1-cll-10.1177_09636897231193066 – Supplemental material for Whole Blood-Derived circUSP10 Acts as a Diagnostic Biomarker in Patients With Early-Stage Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-cll-10.1177_09636897231193066 for Whole Blood-Derived circUSP10 Acts as a Diagnostic Biomarker in Patients With Early-Stage Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer by Huihui Bai, Meina Jiang, Shuai Fang, Ziyi Peng, Nan Liang, Yuanting Cai, Yuanyuan Wang, Chengwei Zhou, Ying Han, Weiyu Shen and Zhaohui Gong in Cell Transplantation</p
sj-docx-2-cll-10.1177_09636897231193066 – Supplemental material for Whole Blood-Derived circUSP10 Acts as a Diagnostic Biomarker in Patients With Early-Stage Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-2-cll-10.1177_09636897231193066 for Whole Blood-Derived circUSP10 Acts as a Diagnostic Biomarker in Patients With Early-Stage Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer by Huihui Bai, Meina Jiang, Shuai Fang, Ziyi Peng, Nan Liang, Yuanting Cai, Yuanyuan Wang, Chengwei Zhou, Ying Han, Weiyu Shen and Zhaohui Gong in Cell Transplantation</p
Honeybees interfere with wild bees in apple pollination in China
No full textAbstract Honeybees ( Apis mellifera ) are increasingly used in commercial crop production, while wild bees are also important pollinators. Few studies have investigated the relative importance of honeybees and wild bees for apple pollination and whether the contribution of wild bees is affected by increasing numbers of honeybees. Here, we conducted experiments in 52 commercially important Fuji apple orchards across three apple production areas in China, to investigate how wild bees, honeybees and their interaction influences apple quantity (fruit set, weight) and quality (seed number). Both honeybees and wild bees contributed to apples production, resulting in an overall 996%, 26% and 64% increase of apple fruit set, fruit weight and seed number, respectively. We found a hump‐shaped relationship between bee density and fruit set and fruit weight with the maximum fruit set at intermediate bee density, but honeybees reached the maximum only with one and a half times higher numbers than wild bees. Furthermore, when honeybee activity density was low, an increase in wild bee activity density and species richness led to enhanced pollination contribution. Conversely, when honeybee activity density was high, increased wild bee activity density and species richness were associated with reduced pollination contribution. Additionally, the highest fruit set was observed at high densities of wild bees and intermediate densities of honeybees. These results indicate that high honeybee activity density may interfere with the pollination services provided by wild bees in apple orchards. Synthesis and applications . Both honeybees and wild bees contribute to apple pollination and production, but wild bees evidenced much higher pollination efficiency than honeybees. Importantly, introducing high density of honeybee colonies appeared to enhance competition with wild bees, decreasing their contribution to pollination. As highest fruit set was found with high wild bee densities, but only intermediate levels of honeybee densities, it is important to carefully assess the number of honeybee colonies before possible introduction of hives for apple production, in particular when wild bee diversity and density are high. Conserving wild bee diversity is of priority to harness pollination services in apple production, given their high diversity and pollination efficiency.摘要 西方蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)越来越广泛应用于作物商业生产，而野生蜂也是重要的传粉者。很少有研究调查西方蜜蜂和野生蜂对苹果授粉的相对重要性，以及野生蜂的贡献是否受到西方蜜蜂数量增加的影响。 本研究中，我们在中国三个主要的苹果产区对52个富士苹果园开展了实验，以研究野生蜂、西方蜜蜂及其相互作用如何影响苹果数量(坐果数)和质量(果实重量、种子数)。结果显示，西方蜜蜂和野生蜂都对苹果生产均有重要贡献，使苹果坐果率、果实重量和种子数量分别增加了996%、26%和64%。 本研究还发现蜜蜂密度与坐果率和果实重量之间存在驼峰形关系。在中等蜜蜂密度下坐果率达到最大，但在达到最大坐果率时需要的西方蜜蜂密度为野生蜜蜂的1.5倍。此外，当西方蜜蜂活动密度较低时，随野生蜂活动密度和物种丰富度增加，传粉贡献增加；而当西方蜜蜂活动密度较高时，随野生蜂活动密度和物种丰富度增加，传粉贡献降低。此外，在高野生蜂密度和中等蜜蜂密度的情况下，苹果座果率最大。这些结果表明过高的西方蜜蜂活动密度干扰了野生蜂为苹果提供的传粉服务。 总结与应用:西方蜜蜂和野生蜂都有助于苹果授粉和生产，但野生蜂的授粉效率比蜜蜂高得多。引入高密度的西方蜜蜂蜂群似乎会引起与野生蜂的竞争，降低了对苹果生产的传粉贡献。由于在野生蜜蜂密度高且只有中等水平的西方蜜蜂密度下苹果的坐果率最高，因此我们建议在苹果园引入蜂箱之前，特别是在野生蜜蜂多样性和密度较高的地区，应仔细评估引入西方蜜蜂群落的数量。鉴于野生蜂群落的高多样性及高传粉效率，保护野生蜂的多样性仍然是提升苹果传粉服务的首要选择措施。Abstract Honeybees ( Apis mellifera ) are increasingly used in commercial crop production, while wild bees are also important pollinators. Few studies have investigated the relative importance of honeybees and wild bees for apple pollination and whether the contribution of wild bees is affected by increasing numbers of honeybees. Here, we conducted experiments in 52 commercially important Fuji apple orchards across three apple production areas in China, to investigate how wild bees, honeybees and their interaction influences apple quantity (fruit set, weight) and quality (seed number). Both honeybees and wild bees contributed to apples production, resulting in an overall 996%, 26% and 64% increase of apple fruit set, fruit weight and seed number, respectively. We found a hump‐shaped relationship between bee density and fruit set and fruit weight with the maximum fruit set at intermediate bee density, but honeybees reached the maximum only with one and a half times higher numbers than wild bees. Furthermore, when honeybee activity density was low, an increase in wild bee activity density and species richness led to enhanced pollination contribution. Conversely, when honeybee activity density was high, increased wild bee activity density and species richness were associated with reduced pollination contribution. Additionally, the highest fruit set was observed at high densities of wild bees and intermediate densities of honeybees. These results indicate that high honeybee activity density may interfere with the pollination services provided by wild bees in apple orchards. Synthesis and applications . Both honeybees and wild bees contribute to apple pollination and production, but wild bees evidenced much higher pollination efficiency than honeybees. Importantly, introducing high density of honeybee colonies appeared to enhance competition with wild bees, decreasing their contribution to pollination. As highest fruit set was found with high wild bee densities, but only intermediate levels of honeybee densities, it is important to carefully assess the number of honeybee colonies before possible introduction of hives for apple production, in particular when wild bee diversity and density are high. Conserving wild bee diversity is of priority to harness pollination services in apple production, given their high diversity and pollination efficiency.摘要 西方蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)越来越广泛应用于作物商业生产，而野生蜂也是重要的传粉者。很少有研究调查西方蜜蜂和野生蜂对苹果授粉的相对重要性，以及野生蜂的贡献是否受到西方蜜蜂数量增加的影响。 本研究中，我们在中国三个主要的苹果产区对52个富士苹果园开展了实验，以研究野生蜂、西方蜜蜂及其相互作用如何影响苹果数量(坐果数)和质量(果实重量、种子数)。结果显示，西方蜜蜂和野生蜂都对苹果生产均有重要贡献，使苹果坐果率、果实重量和种子数量分别增加了996%、26%和64%。 本研究还发现蜜蜂密度与坐果率和果实重量之间存在驼峰形关系。在中等蜜蜂密度下坐果率达到最大，但在达到最大坐果率时需要的西方蜜蜂密度为野生蜜蜂的1.5倍。此外，当西方蜜蜂活动密度较低时，随野生蜂活动密度和物种丰富度增加，传粉贡献增加；而当西方蜜蜂活动密度较高时，随野生蜂活动密度和物种丰富度增加，传粉贡献降低。此外，在高野生蜂密度和中等蜜蜂密度的情况下，苹果座果率最大。这些结果表明过高的西方蜜蜂活动密度干扰了野生蜂为苹果提供的传粉服务。 总结与应用:西方蜜蜂和野生蜂都有助于苹果授粉和生产，但野生蜂的授粉效率比蜜蜂高得多。引入高密度的西方蜜蜂蜂群似乎会引起与野生蜂的竞争，降低了对苹果生产的传粉贡献。由于在野生蜜蜂密度高且只有中等水平的西方蜜蜂密度下苹果的坐果率最高，因此我们建议在苹果园引入蜂箱之前，特别是在野生蜜蜂多样性和密度较高的地区，应仔细评估引入西方蜜蜂群落的数量。鉴于野生蜂群落的高多样性及高传粉效率，保护野生蜂的多样性仍然是提升苹果传粉服务的首要选择措施。National Natural Science Foundation of China https://doi.org/10.13039/50110000180
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Bee abundance and soil nitrogen availability interactively modulate apple quality and quantity in intensive agricultural landscapes of China
No full textBees provide important pollination services for crops, but pollination limitation is a common problem in agricultural landscapes worldwide. To promote ecological intensification in fruit production, more knowledge is needed concerning the interacting effects of insect pollination services and soil fertility on crop quality and quantity. We investigated the effects of three pollination treatments (open, self and hand pollination) on apple quantity and quality parameters. We also analyzed the effects of bee abundance (wild bees and managed honeybees (Apis mellifera)) and soil nitrogen on fruit quantity and quality, and the responses of bee abundance and species richness to landscape metrics. Apple fruit set and yield of open pollinated flowers increased by 57 % and 25 t/ha (compared to bagged controls), respectively. Hand pollination further enhanced yields by 7 t/ha (compared to open pollination; i.e. to 39 t/ha), indicating pollination limitation in the orchards. Seed number was highest in open pollinated fruits, and increased with bee abundance if soil nitrogen was low, but decreased with bee abundance at high nitrogen levels, possibly due to higher flower density resulting in pollinator dilution effects. Higher seed numbers reduced the proportion of deformed apples and thus increased fruit quality. The percent of surrounding semi-natural habitats positively affected species richness of wild bees in apple orchards. We conclude that yield and quality of apples may benefit from ecological intensification comprising the augmentation of wild bees by semi-natural habitat and lowering of fertilizer inputs
Research on the Washing Machine Design Improvement of Specific Consumption Groups
No full textThis research focuses on the “Improved Product R&D Project” of Sichuan Chaochen Electric Co., Ltd, analyzing its market status from the life style of its main consumer groups, namely users of the secondary and tertiary markets. Through field observation and in-depth interview methods, the user's daily habits and demands for washing machines are closely looked into. Then the research comes up with some design elements aiming at the low-end markets, and also offers the corresponding specific design proposal. On this basis, it provides new ideas and fresh design methods for the appearance improvements of the secondary and tertiary market washing machines, from angels of external morphology, human-computer interaction and concept trends etc, thus in hopes of being referential to the actual product improvements of the mid-and-low-end washing machine markets
Performance optimization for managing massive numbers of small files in distributed file systems
No full textThe processing of massive numbers of small files is a challenge in the design of distributed file systems. Currently, the combined-block-storage approach is prevalent. However, the approach employs the traditional file systems such as ExtFS and may cause inefficiency when accessing small files randomly located in the disk. This paper focuses on optimizing the performance of data servers in accessing massive numbers of small files. We present a Flat Lightweight File System (iFlatLFS) to manage small files, which is based on a simple metadata scheme and a flat storage architecture. iFlatLFS is designed to substitute the traditional file system on data servers and can be deployed underneath distributed file systems that store massive numbers of small files. iFlatLFS can greatly simplify the original data access procedure. The new metadata proposed in this paper occupies only a fraction of the metadata size based on traditional file systems. We have implemented iFlatLFS in CentOS 5.5 and integrated it into an open source Distributed File System (DFS), called Taobao FileSystem (TFS), which is developed by a top B2C service provider, Alibaba, in China and is managing over 28.6 billion small photos. We have conducted extensive experiments to verify the performance of iFlatLFS. The results show that when the file size ranges from 1KB to 64KB, iFlatLFS is faster than Ext4 by 48% and 54% on average for random read and write in the DFS environment, respectively. Moreover, after iFlatLFS is integrated into TFS, iFlatLFS-based TFS is faster than the existing Ext4-based TFS by 45% and 49% on average for random read access and hybrid access (the mix of read and write accesses), respectively
Pollination deficits and contributions of pollinators in apple production: a global meta‐analysis
No full textInternational audienc
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