1,721,131 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Evaluating Thermal Adaptation in Informal UK University Study Spaces: The Role of Climate Background in Perceived Comfort
No full textThis study evaluates thermal adaptation in informal study spaces in UK higher education (HE) buildings, investigating the role of occupants’ climate background in shaping perceived comfort. As library buildings provide a good example of an informal study space, this study was conducted in the Sydney Jones Library at the University of Liverpool. The research investigated how changes in climate history may affect thermal satisfaction in a multifunctional informal study space. The study involved recording temperature and relative humidity data in a computer room over a period of 1 year and assessing environmental conditions using an online survey. Statistical analysis showed that participants’ climate background did not affect their thermal sensation, preference or comfort results but did affect their clothing levels. It was observed that the clothing levels of participants from warmer and cooler climate backgrounds were different from those from climates similar to the Liverpool. This situation can be explained as an example of occupant behaviour to adapt to different climate conditions. The results showed that most participants rated the environment as cool and would have liked to feel warmer, suggesting that the current temperature settings should be reviewed. These temperature settings were determined according to current standards but did not meet the expectations of the occupants. Updating the current standards may therefore have implications for improving occupant comfort and saving energy across the HE building stock. This study recommends the implementation of flexible temperature control systems to increase occupant comfort and optimize energy use in university study spaces
Research on Patterns and Characteristics of Winter Individual Experienced Temperatures (IETs) of Rural Older Adults: A Case Study in Henan, China
Full text linkExperienced temperatures significantly affect the health of older adults due to irreversible physiological declines. In heat exposure studies, temperature measurements in specific spaces cannot fully capture individuals’ thermal experience in daily life, as people naturally and actively move between spaces with distinct thermal environments. The dynamic temperature experienced by rural older individuals in complex daily lives remains unclear, which is crucial for understanding its impact on health. This study discusses the concept of individual experienced temperatures (IETs) and investigated the characteristics and patterns of older adults’ IET in rural China during winter. A new method and equipment for longitudinal and noninvasive IET monitoring were developed and collected 157,800 IET data points, which were organized into 362 valid datasets. The data was gathered in China’s cold climate zone and hot summer cold winter (HSCW) climate zone from December 2023 to February 2024. The results revealed that local climate and weather had a significant impact on older adults’ IET. Cold waves reduced IET, while the effects were alleviated by thermal adaptation behavior of older adults. Diurnal IET was categorized into three patterns (stable group, active group, and moderate group) using K-means clustering analysis. The “stable group” was characterized by frequent IET fluctuations within a narrow and low temperature range. The “active group” was characterized by drastic IET fluctuations and high diurnal temperature range. The “moderate group” was characterized by low fluctuation frequency. For each participant, the majority of diurnal IET concentrated in one or two patterns. The IET of older adults exhibited significant individual variation. This research also discussed the significance of IET in comparison to traditional heat exposure studies. It highlights the dynamic and individualized nature of people’s heat exposure, contributing to the body of knowledge in this field. Furthermore, it provides greater accuracy and robustness in the result when assessing the health risks associated with exposure to varying temperatures. Recommendations for IET improvement were proposed from the perspectives of built environment optimization and policy support
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Clothing Insulation Required for Energy Efficiency (IREQee) and Thermal Comfort
No full textThermal comfort has direction implications for energy efficiency and sustainable development. From a global perspective, about 40% of total primary energy is used in buildings, contributing to more than 30% of CO2 emissions [1]. The fact that the common practices of clothing choices have impact on energy efficiency is ignored [2-3]. This paper analyzed and proposed clothing insulation required for energy efficiency (IREQee) in order to increase indoor temperature interval and energy efficiency. In many heated/air-conditioned indoor environments, it is not unusual that occupants wear T-shirts/suits. The basic clothing insulation of these clothing ensembles is estimated to be about 0.5/1.0 clo [4]. The benefit of adding/reducing clothing insulation in heated/cooled environments, e.g. change clothing between 1.2 and 0.4 clo, is that the temperature of the whole room or building can be changed by 5.1 °C (between 20.4 and 25.5 °C) while still maintaining thermal comfort (Fig. 1) calculated according to international standard [5] and related web based tool [6], given that other parameters are the same (metabolic rate M=70 W/m2, relative humidity=50%, mean radiant temperature=air temperature, mechanic work=0, relative air velocity (m/s)=0.0052*(M-58)). As a result, the energy for heating/cooling the indoor environment is saved. The saved energy is about 10% for each degree Celsius decrease or increase in heated or air-conditioned indoor air temperature [7]. Hence, informed occupant’s clothing behavior change based on IREQee can extend the interval of comfort temperature, e.g. from 18.6 to 26.1 °C (rather than a fixed set point at 22 or 23 °C) for office work in heated and air-conditioned environments. The analysis indicates that the proposed IREQee in relation to physical work intensity can function as a low cost measure to maintain thermal comfort, save energy, and enhance sustainable development. Figure 1. Required clothing insulation for energy efficiency (IREQee) and comfortable temperature in heated or air-conditioned indoor environments in relation to physical work intensity (metabolic rate: M=70 and 100 W/m2 corresponding to office work and low physical intensity work)
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