1,721,051 research outputs found
Characterization of biochar from rice hulls and wood chips produced in a top-lit updraft biomass gasifier
Full text linkCitation: James, M., Yuan, W., Boyette, M. D., Wang, D., & Kumar, A. (2016). Characterization of biochar from rice hulls and wood chips produced in a top-lit updraft biomass gasifier. Transactions of the Asabe, 59(3), 749-756. doi:10.13031/trans.59.11631The objective of this study was to characterize biochar produced from rice hulls and wood chips in a top-lit updraft gasifier. Biochar from four airflows (8, 12, 16, or 20 L min-1) and two insulation conditions (not insulated or insulated with 88.9 mm of fiberglass on the external wall of the gasifier) were evaluated. Measurement of elemental composition, higher heating value (HHV), and BET surface area and proximate analyses of the biochar were carried out. It was found that the airflow rate and reactor insulation significantly influenced the chemical composition of the biochar depending on the biomass type. For instance, the carbon content of biochar from rice hulls decreased from 40.9% to 27.2% and the HHV decreased from 14.8 to 10.2 MJ kg-1 as the airflow increased from 8 to 20 L min-1 when the reactor was insulated. In contrast, the carbon content of biochar from wood chips increased from 82% to 86% and the HHV stayed stable at 32.0 to 33.2 MJ kg-1 at the same conditions. Despite these variations, the BET surface area of biochar from both biomass types increased with increased airflow and additional insulation. For example, rice hull biochar had a maximum BET surface area of 183 m2g-1 at 20 L min-1 airflow with insulation. The BET surface of biochar from wood chips peaked at 405 m2 gg-1 at the same conditions
Adhesive performance of camelina protein affected by extraction conditions
Full text linkCitation: Qi, G., Li, N., Sun, X. S., & Wang, D. (2016). Adhesive performance of camelina protein affected by extraction conditions. Transactions of the Asabe, 59(3), 1083-1090. doi:10.13031/trans.59.11686Camelina protein (CP) adhesives were prepared from de-hulled camelina meal using alkaline solubilization (CP 8, CP 9, CP 10, CP 11, CP 12) and isolelectric precipitation. CP 12 had the highest protein yield with 46.22%, more than twice that of CP 8 (22.71%), indicating that extreme alkaline pH is necessary for high camelina protein solubility and protein yield. Extreme alkalinization resulted in severe molecular dissociation of camelina protein, as indicated by the appearance of a low molecular weight band (20 kDa). Compared to CP 8, CP 9, CP 10, and CP 11, CP 12 had a completely denatured protein structure with greater amounts of exposed functional groups, which is beneficial to the adhesion strength of CP 12. CP 12 with 9% sodium chloride treatment demonstrated optimum adhesion performance with dry and wet strengths of 4.36 and 1.36 MPa, respectively, compared to 3.37 and 1.05 MPa for CP 12 without sodium chloride treatment. © 2016 American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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