1,721,024 research outputs found
Study of the Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure (HHP) on the Osmotic Dehydration Mechanism and Kinetics of Wumei Fruit (Prunus mume)
No full textOsmotic dehydration (OD) is the most important procedure for obtaining candied wumei (Prunus mume), which is a very popular snack in Eastern Asian countries. This study aims to evaluate the effects of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) pre-treatment (50–400 MPa) on the mass transfer kinetics and on the water diffusivity of wumei fruit during OD and to investigate the effect on water distribution and cell viability aspects. The results showed that HHP increased initial rate and effective diffusivity of mass transfer values compared to non-treated samples. Time domain nuclear magnetic resonance revealed that, upon HHP treatment, the water redistributed in vacuole, cytoplasm/extracellular spaces, and cell wall/membrane. The application of 400 MPa probably caused some irreversible damages to the cell membranes. The cell viability study determined by fluorescein diacetate staining showed a loss of cell viability at pressures higher than 200 MPa. HHP exhibited an effective pre-treatment to increase mass transfer of wumei fruit during OD process
Study and optimization of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) to improve mass transfer and quality characteristics of candied green plums (Prunus mume)
No full textOsmotic dehydration (OD) is the most important procedure for producing candied green plums. This study investigated high hydrostatic pressure treatment (HHP) to improve OD process. Central composite design was applied to optimize HHP parameters with pressure ranging from 50 to 400 MPa and time from 1 to 30 min. Innovative HPP procedure was compared with traditional heating treatments on the acceleration efficiency by Peleg’s model. The physico-chemical and sensorial properties were compared. The results showed that HHP was effective to accelerate the OD process, but was not as efficient as heating methods. HHP promoted higher titratable acid content, firmness and greener color than heating on the obtained product. Sensory results revealed that HHP allowed to better preserve the typical odor and flavor of the final products. Generally, HHP treatments show high potentiality to improve the OD performances of candied green plums, together with the overall quality of the final product. Practical applications: Candied green plum is a popular snack in Eastern Asian countries. The traditional process includes a heating assisted treatment in order to accelerate the candying progress, which may induce decrease to the quality of the final product. Non-thermal high hydrostatic pressure could improve the osmotic dehydration process performances, minimizing the thermal damages on the final products, promoting the improvement of its overall quality
Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure (HHP) on the Antioxidant and Volatile Properties of Candied Wumei Fruit (Prunus mume) During Osmotic Dehydration
No full textCandied wumei fruit (Prunus mume) is a traditional product in Eastern Asian countries generally obtained by a long osmotic dehydration (OD) process. This study evaluated the effect of the application of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and heating pre-treatments to accelerate the OD process on some bioactive compound content, antioxidant activity, and volatile profile of wumei fruit. Whole fruits were subjected to HPP treatment (50 MPa for 1 min) and heating (100 °C for 1 min) and then to OD in a 40% sucrose solution for 5 days. Results showed that both heating and HPP pre-treatment increased mass transfer in a comparable way; however, HPP allowed a significant higher retention of antioxidant compounds and activity compared with the heating treatment, resulting in similar values to the untreated product. Moreover, HPP promoted the release of various volatile components resulting in a richer volatile profile compared with both control and heat-treated samples. Hence, HPP showed good potentiality as an alternative non-thermal pre-treatment for the production of candied wumei fruit characterized by high nutritional and sensorial properties
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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