1,720,974 research outputs found
Inductive Graph Unlearning
No full textAs a way to implement the "right to be forgotten" in machine learning, machine unlearning aims to completely remove the contributions and information of the samples to be deleted from a trained model without affecting the contributions of other samples. Recently, many frameworks for machine unlearning have been proposed, and most of them focus on image and text data. To extend machine unlearning to graph data, GraphEraser has been proposed. However, a critical issue is that GraphEraser is specifically designed for the transductive graph setting, where the graph is static and attributes and edges of test nodes are visible during training. It is unsuitable for the inductive setting, where the graph could be dynamic and the test graph information is invisible in advance. Such inductive capability is essential for production machine learning systems with evolving graphs like social media and transaction networks. To fill this gap, we propose the GUided InDuctivE Graph Unlearning framework (GUIDE). GUIDE consists of three components: guided graph partitioning with fairness and balance, efficient subgraph repair, and similarity-based aggregation. Empirically, we evaluate our method on several inductive benchmarks and evolving transaction graphs. Generally speaking, GUIDE can be efficiently implemented on the inductive graph learning tasks for its low graph partition cost, no matter on computation or structure information. The code is available here: https://github.com/Happy2Git/GUIDE.Di Wang and Cheng-Long Wang were supported by BAS/1/1689-01-01, URF/1/4663-01-01, FCC/1/1976-49-01, GC/3/4816-01-01, and REI/1/4811-10-01 of King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) and KAUSTSDAIA Center of Excellence in Data Science and Artificial Intelligence
Flow condition preference study using kriging and sequential indicator simulation: The case of Sicyopterus japonicus in Datuan stream
No full text魚類在溪流生態中扮演舉足輕重的角色，其生活週期更與環境因子息息相關，其中以流況影響最為顯著。魚類會針對自身喜好，尋找適宜生長發育、遷徙、產卵、避難之流速/水深組合，因此進行魚類分布與流況分類的討論是有其必要性。本研究引用流速/水深分類法、福祿數法針對大屯溪河段內流況進行分類，然而許多文獻顯示上述兩種方法皆有其優、缺點。為確立何種流況分類法較為適宜大屯溪流域，採用大屯溪日本禿頭鯊為指標物種，探討其對於分類流況(深潭、淺瀨、深流、緩流)的選擇性，並輔以洄游文獻進行驗證。同時，結合克利金法推估河段內魚類出現機率、流速、水深值，量化日本禿頭鯊對於分類流況喜好程度，並利用地理資訊系統展示分類流況、魚類出現機率在空間、時間尺度上之變異。
研究結果顯示，利用克利金推估魚類出現機率、流速、水深，由流速/水深分類法、福祿數法進行流況分類後，其分類流況面積比例在不同調查河段各有差異。其後與魚類出現機率套疊，發現日本禿頭鯊在不同季節喜好不同分類流況，其中洄游季(春季)以出海口的深潭和淺瀨、下游的淺瀨、中上游的深流和淺瀨為主要訴求。此外，兩種流況分類法結果上相異，因此引用日本禿頭鯊洄游文獻驗證，建議流速/水深分類法應用於大屯溪日本禿頭鯊流況需求具有較高的適宜性。然而分類流況乃不同流速/水深組合結果，在溪流生態系統中存有空間不確定性，因此採用逐步指標模擬針對河段內流速、水深值進行各1000次模擬，並計算流速、水深的空間機率；再以流速/水深分類法針對逐步指標模擬結果進行流況分類，同時以地理資訊系統呈現並計算分類流況出現機率60%、80%以上之面積比例，與克利金推估之流況分類結果相互比對，提供大屯溪未來流況分類依據。Fish communities play a important role in the freshwater ecosystem, and their life-cycles are obviously related to the environmental factors, especially flow conditions. Fish search for appropriate habitats for growing migrating, spawn, and refuge considering current velocity and depth. Therefore, it is necessary to delineate the correlation between the fish distributions and flow conditions. This main issue is to classify the flow conditions in the Datuan stream by the empirical rule and Froude number. However, various literatures showed that the two methods own the advantages but also drawbacks in the flow classifications. To determine whichever can describe better the flow conditions in the Datuan stream, we consider Sicyopterus japonicus as the indicator species for suiting flow conditions (Pool, Riffle, Run, and slack), and then compare the result to various of migration literatures. Meanwhile, using the Kriging to estimate the probability of occurrence of fish, velocity and depth value, and then qualify the preference of flow conditions of Sicyopterus japonicus. Lastly, display the variations in the flow conditions and the probability of fish in the spatial-temporal scale with geographic information system (GIS).
The result showed that the flow conditions react differently among reaches. Then, the preferences of Sicyopterus japonicus in flow conditions change in the spatial and temporal scale by overlapping the flow conditions map and the contour of fish probability. In particular, the preference of Sicyopteru sjaponicus in the flow conditions is pool and riffle at estuary, riffle in the downstream, run and riffle in the middle and upstream during the migration season (spring). In addition, the outcome are significantly different between the two classifications methods. The empirical rule for flow conditions classification comes out to be more appropriate in the Datuan stream. Nevertheless, owing to the great variation of water depth and current velocity, the consideration of uncertainty is essential. Thus, Sequential indicator simulation (SIS) is applied with 1000 iterations to simulate the overall current velocity and water depth value. Eventually, this research provides the basis of the classifications of flow conditions in the Datuan stream by comparing the result in SIS and Kriging
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Remote Sensing Data with the Conditional Latin Hypercube Sampling and Geostatistical Approach to Delineate Landscape Changes Induced by Large Chronological Physical Disturbances
No full textThis study applies variogram analyses of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) images derived from SPOT HRV images obtained before and after the ChiChi earthquake in the Chenyulan watershed, Taiwan, as well as images after four large typhoons, to delineate the spatial patterns, spatial structures and spatial variability of landscapes caused by these large disturbances. The conditional Latin hypercube sampling approach was applied to select samples from multiple NDVI images. Kriging and sequential Gaussian simulation with sufficient samples were then used to generate maps of NDVI images. The variography of NDVI image results demonstrate that spatial patterns of disturbed landscapes were successfully delineated by variogram analysis in study areas. The high-magnitude Chi-Chi earthquake created spatial landscape variations in the study area. After the earthquake, the cumulative impacts of typhoons on landscape patterns depended on the magnitudes and paths of typhoons, but were not always evident in the spatiotemporal variability of landscapes in the study area. The statistics and spatial structures of multiple NDVI images were captured by 3,000 samples from 62,500 grids in the NDVI images. Kriging and sequential Gaussian simulation with the 3,000 samples effectively reproduced spatial patterns of NDVI images. However, the proposed approach, which integrates the conditional Latin hypercube sampling approach, variogram, kriging and sequential Gaussian simulation in remotely sensed images, efficiently monitors, samples and maps the effects of large chronological disturbances on spatial characteristics of landscape changes including spatial variability and heterogeneity
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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