1,723,918 research outputs found
“Chinese Identity” as a Problem
Full text linkIn this short report, Wang Bin wonders about the issues related to language when it comes to talking about Chinese identity. While qualifying a relativist cultural approach, he opposes a holistic conception of identity which would look for the authentic in the atemporal. By basing his research on the different uses of words representing China and the Chinese in various languages, Wang Bin depicts an aspect of the Chinese collective identity which complex reality can not be expressed formally
A single chamber stackable microbial fuel cell with air cathode
No full textA single chamber stackable microbial fuel cell (SCS-MFC) comprising four MFC units was developed. When operated separately, each unit generated a volumetric power density (P(max,V)) of 26.2 W/m(3) at 5.8 mA or 475 mV. The total columbic efficiency was 40% for each unit. Parallel connection of four units produced the same level of power output (P(max,V) of 22.8 W/m(3) at 27 mA), which was approximately four times higher than a single unit alone. Series connection of four units, however, only generated a maximum power output of 14.7 W/m(3) at 730 mV, which was less than the expected value. This energy loss appeared to be caused by lateral current flow between two units, particularly in the middle of the system. The cathode was found to be the major limiting factor in our system. Compared to the stacked operation of multiple separate MFCs, our single chamber reactor does not require a delicate water distribution system and thus is more easily implemented in pre-existing wastewater treatment facilities with serpentine flow paths, such as fixed-bed reactors, with minimal infrastructure changes.
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Membrane porters of ATP-binding cassette transport systems are polyphyletic
Full text linkThe ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily consists of both importers and exporters. These transporters have, by tradition, been classified according to the ATP hydrolyzing constituents, which are monophyletic. The evolutionary origins of the transmembrane porter proteins/ domains are not known. Using five distinct computer programs, we here provide convincing statistical data suggesting that the transmembrane domains of ABC exporters are polyphyletic, having arisen at least three times independently. ABC1 porters arose by intragenic triplication of a primordial two-transmembrane segment (TMS)-encoding genetic element, yielding six TMS proteins. ABC2 porters arose by intragenic duplication of a dissimilar primordial three-TMS-encoding genetic element, yielding a distinctive protein family, nonhomologous to the ABC1 proteins. ABC3 porters arose by duplication of a primordial four-TMS-encoding genetic element, yielding either eight- or ten-TMS proteins. We assign each of 48 of the 50 currently recognized families of ABC exporters to one of the three evolutionarily distinct ABC types. Currently available high-resolution structural data for ABC porters are fully consistent with these findings. The results provide guides for future structural and mechanistic studies of these important transport systems. Abstract, in full, is a reprint of the material as it appears in Membrane porters of ATP-binding cassette transport systems are polyphyletic 2009. Wang, Bin; Dukarevich, Maxim; Sun, Eric I.; Yen, Ming Ren; Saier Jr., Milton H., Journal of Membrane Biology, 2009. The thesis author was the first author of this pape
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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