1,720,997 research outputs found
Cross-linking of ZP2 and ZP3 by transglutaminase is required for the formation of the outer layer of fertilization envelope of carp egg
No full textDevelopment of Electrode-Assisted Desorption Electrospray Ionization and Its biomedical Applications
No full text大氣壓力游離法這幾年在質譜學領域逐漸的受到重視，因為具有不需樣品前處理的優點。大氣壓力游離法可以直接將大氣中的固體與液體用於質譜分析。在此論文中、我們發展了電極輔助噴灑游離法（EADESI）、它可以直接用於生物樣品的快速分析。EADESI是一種新型的大氣壓力游離法，可以檢測樣本在導體或非導體的樣品盤上。該儀器由三個主要部分：三維移動的樣品盤，高電壓電極，ESI噴霧源。ESI噴霧源以45 °輕靠在電極旁邊。被霧化的溶劑氣體被電極極化後噴灑至樣本上，然後分析物離子化並隨著氣流被引入質譜儀中進行分析。我們的研究結果表明，EADESI的空間解析度可以達到25μm。 EADESI可以對不同的生物樣本有廣泛的線性分析範圍、所以是一個可靠而嶄新的生物樣品分析方法。Ambient ionization mass spectrometry has recently played an important role in Biological Mass Spectrometry because pre-treatment of samples is not required. It can be used for direct analysis of solid and liquid samples with a simple mass spectrometer. We developed the novel Electrode-Assisted Desorption Electrospray Ionization (EADESI) method for quick biomedical sample analysis. EADESI is a novel ambient ionization method which can be used as detection of samples on nearly any type of substrate. The instrument consists of three major parts: a three-dimensional movable sample plate with ground potential, a high voltage electrode, and a spray source. The spray source and electrode are positioned at about 45° with respect to each other and directly above the sample plate. Solvent nebulized by gas was used as a spray device to spray onto the sample, and then the desorbed analyte ions were introduced into the mass spectrometer. Our results indicated that EADESI can have space resolution of 25 μm. EADESI also has a wide dynamic range for different types of biomedical compounds
A study of land degradation in Chuifen and land degradation perception among Taiwan, Japan and Hong Kong tourists
No full text九份在積極發展遊憩活動之下，山區環境已面臨許多衝擊，再加上政府積極推動觀光客倍增計畫，國內外遊客數量的日益增加對九份的環境造成更大的壓力。過去九份即因自然環境脆弱，而有地滑、土石流等問題的發生，目前更要面對許多其他土地退化的現象，這都會影響到九份未來的遊憩發展與經營管理。研究先針對九份的土地退化問題作現地調查，以瞭解九份目前所面臨的土地退化問題，並利用台灣、日本和香港遊客的問卷調查，有效問卷共351份，分別是台灣遊客150份，香港遊客100份，日本遊客101份，採用因素分析、變異數分析與敘述性統計來分析不同國籍遊客對土地退化問題的識覺，比較各國遊客所關注的面向，以供九份地區未來遊憩發展與經理之參考。究結果顯示，九份的土地退化表現在地質土壤方面較嚴重，其他則是污染與公害、生活機能與衛生、景觀等問題。在土地退化識覺的調查上，台灣遊客對土地退化問題的認知較普遍，認為九份土地退化的嚴重程度較高，日本居次，香港遊客則較少注意到九份的土地退化問題，而日本遊客對於地質與土壤方面的土地退化問題，關注程度反而高於台灣遊客。此外，遊客認為九份具有土地退化的問題主要表現在景觀方面，這是未來九份在環境經理上必須加以處理的。Under positive development of tourism in Chuifen, the mountainous environment faced with many impacts. In addition, the government positively promoted “Doubling Tourist Arrivals Plan”, so that a great deal of domestic and abroad tourists gathered, the environment confronted with quite tremendous pressure. Because of the vulnerability of natural environment in Chuifen, that had landslip and landslide problems already, but also had other land degradation phenomenon. These problems may affect the development of tourism and management in Chuifen in the future. he research will make the investigation of the land degradation in Chuifen, in order to comprehend with the problems of land degradation at present. Using the questionnaire survey to the tourists of Taiwan, Japan and Hong Kong, in order to analyze and compare the tourist perception of land degradation problems. The questionnaire survey has been taken with 351 valid questionnaires, which are 150 Taiwan tourists, 100 Hong Kong tourists, and 101 Japanese tourists. Use factor analysis, analysis of variance and descriptive statistical analysis to tourists of different nationalities on the land degradation perception. The result can be the reference for the development of tourism and management in the future. indings demonstrate the serious problems of land degradation in Chuifen are about the geological and the soil problems, pollution, health and landscape. In the aspect of land degradation perception, the perception of Taiwanese tourists is universal. Taiwanese tourists thought land degradation problems more serious, Japanese tourists occupy the order. Relatively, the tourist perception of Hong Kong is the least. The land degradation perception of the geological and the soil in Japanese tourists instead is higher than Taiwanese tourists. Furthermore, the land degradation perception of tourists mainly performance in the aspect of landscape, which is the most important issue must be addressed on environment management in future.目 錄試委員會審定書 i謝 ii文摘要 iii文摘要 iv一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究背景與動機 2 第二節 研究目的及課題 5二章 文獻回顧 7 第一節 土地退化 7 第二節 遊憩衝擊 13 第三節 環境識覺 (environment perception) 16 第四節 小結 22三章 研究方法 25 第一節 研究區概述 25 第二節 研究架構 29 第三節 研究流程 31 第四節 問卷設計原則 32 第五節 前測 34 第六節 正式施測 35 第七節 資料分析方法 37四章 結果與討論 38 第一節 九份地區的土地退化狀況 38 第二節 日本、台灣、香港遊客特徵及土地退化識覺 59 第三節 不同國籍遊客間的土地退化識覺比較 66 第四節 九份環境變差與土地退化識覺之相關分析 73五章 結論與檢討 80 第一節 現地調查九份地區土地退化現象 80 第二節 日本、台灣、香港遊客特徵及土地退化識覺 81 第三節 不同國籍遊客間的土地退化識覺比較 82 第四節 九份的土地退化主要表現在景觀方面 83 第五節 研究限制與建議 84用文獻 85錄一：中文問卷 96錄二：日文問卷 9
Design, Synthesis, and Properties of Polyimides and Their Hybrid Materials for Optical Applications
No full text有機無機混成材料由於具有調控彼此之間的特性來製備出各種創新的用途，所以近年來已被廣泛地討論及應用。這些混成材料在光學應用中相當廣泛，例如高折射率薄膜、光波導元件、非線性光學材料及各種光學保護層等。本論文中探討以高分子聚醯亞胺和無機奈米粒子混摻之後得到不同功能性之奈米複合材料，並探討製備之光學應用及光學特性，其中光波導材料、包含高折射率薄膜及抗反射膜的研究。
感光性的聚醯亞胺-二氧化矽混成材料部分，研究中探討兩個系列的奈米複合材料之合成與鑑定。在第二章中，利用加入耦合劑和無機粒子的方式，將離子型感光聚醯亞胺在熱烘烤過程中所造成的膜厚損失從原先的28.1 %降低到5.9 %，並且同時提高曝光顯影後所得圖形的解析度及降低紅外光之光傳損失 在第三章中，將感光性色淡性聚醯亞胺利用添加較多比例的無機奈米粒子，除了在熱烘烤過程中能有低收縮率的表現之外，還能維持在可見光區良好的透明度。在曝光顯影部分可以製作出多種不同形狀之圖案且具有低光傳損失性質，其光學膜也可以應用在各種光學波導元件上。
利用二氧化矽及二氧化鈦混摻在色淡性聚醯亞胺中，可以得到高低折射率分佈的聚醯亞胺-無機混成材料。在第四章中，將修飾過的二氧化鈦前驅溶液加入色淡性聚醯亞胺中製備奈米複合材料，之後更進一步的使用水熱法促進生成及分散於高分子中，並提高混成材料的折射率。所得之薄膜除了在可見光區呈透明之外，折射率分佈可從1.550至1.847，而其光學膜也可應用在三層抗反射塗層，在可見光範圍其反射率可小於0.5 %.
以上合成出的高分子有機無機混成光學材料均具有比原材料更優異的各種光學性質，因此這些混成光學材料可應用於各種光電元件上，例如抗反射膜與光波導等應用。Organic–inorganic hybrid materials have been extensively studied recently since their molecular tailing properties could produce new functionalities. Such hybrid materials have been widely investigated for advanced optical applications, such as high refractive materials, non-linear optical materials, optical waveguide, and protective layer materials. In this study, the objectives are to synthesize hybrid nanocomposites of polyimide / inorganic hybrid and explore the optical application, including optical waveguides, high refractive index films, and antireflective films.
Two classes of photosensitive-silica hybrid materials are synthesized and characterized. In Chapter 2, the volume shrinkage during imidization is largely reduced by introducing coupling agent and inorganic moiety in the conventional ionic salt photosensitive polyimide. The volume shrinkage during the thermal curing imidization is reduced from 28.1 % to 5.9 %, and this approach also increases the resolution of patterns and reduces the optical loss as well. In Chapter 3, photosensitive colorless polyimide-silica hybrid materials with more inorganic content are not only have lower volume shrinkage during thermal imidization, but also exhibit transparency in the visible region. The hybrid film could be patterned by a direct lithographic process and developed to kinds of patterns and have the application in different optical waveguides.
Colorless polyimide-silica and polyimide-titania hybrid thin films are described in Chapter 4. The modified titania precursors are added in the polyimide matrix to form the polyimide-titania hybrid materials. Furthermore, hydrothermal treatment was used to induce condensation and crystallization of amorphous titania at a relative low temperature, thus enhance the refractive indices also. The experimental results suggest that transparent and tunable refractive indices (1.550-1.847 at 633nm) polyimide-silica/titania hybrid thin films were prepared. A three-layer anti-reflective coating based on the prepared hybrid films was designed and processed on glass and polymer film substrates with a reflectance of less than 0.5 % in the visible range.
The above polyimide-inorganic hybrid materials exhibit superior optical characteristics than their parent polymers. Such materials would be of interest in various optical and optoelectronic devices, such as antireflective films and optical waveguides…etc
Using Market Greeks to Hedge Non-Standardized Swaption by Standardized Swaption
No full text在評價非標準化衍生性商品時,常見的敏感度分析一向是「假設其他參數 不變下,特定模型參數變動對評價結果產生的影響」。在有完全避險需求但無法 直接靜態複製出衍生性商品的報酬僅能以類似的衍生性商品作避險的情況下, 通常是透過價格對特定模型參數的敏感度為基準來建構避險組合,如同假設了 唯有選定的避險參數才是唯一風險來源。定價參數是由相關商品市場報價透過 校準而得,且實務上重新校準頻率高,假設僅單一參數變動既不合乎直覺也不 夠彈性調整,故結合參數校正與商品訂價過程為一體,研究「相關商品市場報 價集合直接映射至特定非標準化商品價格的函數」顯得為更加合乎想法的分析 工具。 本文將此理論觀點轉換成實際模型,並且研究對特定的利率交換選擇權建 構完全避險組合時,由原定的敏感度分析改為透過此分析工具是否能有效改善 避險效果。實際代入市場報價資訊運算,並追蹤觀察不同分析基礎下建構之避 險組合未來的價值波動。結果發現即使在相同模型假設、以相同計算方式校準 參數與評價商品的情況下,若將分析重點由過去的價格對模型參數敏感度 (Model Greeks)改為價格對市場相關商品報價敏感度(Market Greeks),即能明顯 有效提高建構出的避險組合之避險效果,直接研究相關商品與欲避險商品間的 交互作用,將有效降低避險組合的損益波動。且在整體誤差函數估計方式中, 絕對誤差計算方式又優於相對誤差計算方式,無論是商品評價的精確度還是避 險效組合整體的損益波動,前者皆優於後者。本文除了研究 Market Greeks 實用 性外,同時也提供一個在眾多相關商品中選取有效避險工具的方式。In the past, we use model Greeks, the derivatives of the price with respect to the model parameter, to construct perfectly hedged portfolio. Since the frequency of recalibration is very high, the true risk factor should be market quotes rather than model parameter. Thus, the sensitivities of prices directly with respect to the market quotes, called Market Greeks, seems more important and reasonable. In this paper, we constructed different portfolios consisting of standardized swaption to perfectly hedge a non-standardized swaption. We used the market quotes of the 7 standardized swaptions to calibrate model parameters and evaluate the 4.5Yx5Y Swaption, then computed the model Greeks and market Greeks and also constructed hedged portfolio based on each Greeks. By inspecting the payoff pattern of the hedging portfolio in the following two months, we found that, even in the same evaluating process and with the same model assumptions, market Greeks based is much better than model Greeks based. Findings regarding to the interaction between target swaption and other related swaption are really useful, since they can remarkably reduce the volatility of hedging portfolio. In addition, minimizing total absolute error to calibrate model parameter is better than minimizing total relative error regarding to the difference of calculated swaption price and the volatility of the hedging portfolio. To sum up, we not only practically applied the market Greeks to hedge a non-standardized swaption, but also found out how to choose effective hedging tool from many relative standardized swaption
Using Simulation Technique on Process Reengineering in a Physical Examination Department – A Case Study of a Medical Center
No full text本研究乃針對某醫學中心之健檢中心流程規劃進行研究，以求得理想的流程規劃方案。使用eM-plant作為模式分析設計及流程再造的工具，來建構一套健檢模擬系統。在經由模擬的過程之中，以不更改目前現有的資源之前提下，求得未來適當的流程規劃，可以有效的降低受檢者健檢的總健檢時間，以及在合理的等候時間裡提供所需的服務，達到提升醫療照護品質。
本研究主要模擬的實驗方案如下所述：
實驗方案一：依受檢者的不同檢驗套餐組合區分預約及報到時間
實驗方案二：各科醫師皆準時到診
實驗方案三：改變會診科別開始看診時間
3-1. 將半日精緻健檢之家醫科看診時間提早至上午9:00開始
3-2. 使泌尿科及婦產科前移至上午10:00開始，而其他科別提早至上午11:00開始
3-3. 各科醫師看診時間皆為12:00開始
實驗方案四：增加Ｆ檢查套餐
實驗方案五：綜合上述方案之條件設定進行實驗
研究結果發現，所有的方案除了增加F套餐外皆能使受檢者的總健檢時間以及上下午平均等候時間減少。建議後續之研究者能將受檢者之費用資料檔納入其研究範圍之內，更進一步評估健檢中心經流程再造後之成本效益分析。The research focuses on process planning in a Physical Examination Department of a Medical Center; the purpose is to plan an optimal process by using simulation technique as a design tool for modeling analysis and process reengineering to build a simulation system of physical examination department. Through the process of simulation, to get a result from an optimal process planning is based on the presupposition of unchangeable resource allocation and distribution presently. We hope to reduce total time of examination efficiently and effectively, control the waiting time within the rational range while providing services and achieve an objective of improving the quality of health care.
The simulation experiments are described as follows:
Experiment 1: It depends on the different packages for examination to discriminate the time for making an appointment and checking in.
Experiment 2: Doctors belonging to different departments start to make a diagnosis on time.
Experiment 3: To change the beginning time for consulting.
3-1. Let the doctors of general department who provide services for half-day physical checkups begin to consult at 9:00
3-2. Let the urologist and the obstetrician begin to consult at 10:00, and other doctors start at 11:00
3-3 Let all doctors begin to consult at 12:00
Experiment 4: Add F package to choices
Experiment 5: Experiment by integrating the conditions setting in the previous tests.
The result shows that the all experiments can reduce patient’s total examination time and average waiting time except F package. For the future work, expenses of patients could be included for the further evaluation of cost-effectiveness of Physical Examination Department after process reengineering.致謝 I
中文摘要 I
Abstract II
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景 2
第二節 研究動機 7
第三節 研究目的 9
第二章 文獻探討 10
第一節 台灣健康檢查市場相關文獻探討 10
第二節 流程再程相關文獻探討 15
第三節 醫療作業排程相關研究探討 24
第四節 電腦模擬相關文獻探討 26
第三章 研究方法及進行步驟 36
第一節 研究架構 36
第二節 個案健康檢查中心簡介 37
第三節 研究材料 40
第四節 研究步驟 42
第五節 資料分析方法 52
第四章 研究結果 53
第一節 資料分析 53
第二節 模擬模型之建構 98
第三節 模型之驗證 105
第四節 現況與替代方案模擬結果與比較 107
第五節 改善方案之綜合比較分析 137
第五章 討論與研究限制 149
第一節 模擬結果之討論 149
第二節 研究限制 153
第六章 結論與建議 154
第一節 結論 154
第二節 建議 155
參考文獻 156
中文文獻 156
英文文獻 15
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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