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Interspecies Hybridization Barriers of Impatiens
No full text非洲鳳仙花(Impatiens walleriana Hook.f.)為鳳仙花屬植物，是臺灣最重要之花壇植物，然臺灣有棣慕華鳳仙花(I. devolii Huang)、黃花鳳仙花(I. tayemonii Hayata)及紫花鳳仙花(I. uniflora Hayata)三原生種鳳仙花，或許可供為育種之親本。本研究以非洲鳳仙花‘Accent Rose’及三種原生鳳仙花為育種材料，調查原生鳳仙花自然生長狀況、四種鳳仙花於開花過程中，花藥開放、花粉活力及雌雄蕊相對位置之變化，並進行自交與雜交授粉，觀察花粉管於雌蕊中生長狀況、果莢、胚珠與胚之發育，以瞭解鳳仙花屬種間雜交障礙之型式；另以胚拯救技術培養雜交之胚，以期得到雜交後代。
在梅峰地區，棣慕華鳳仙花種子於三、四月間萌芽，六月中旬後植株快速生長、開花，花期主要集中於七、八月；黃花鳳仙花種子主要於十一月至隔年三月間萌芽，小苗可耐冬季低溫並緩慢生長，三月後植株快速生長，花期由五月至十月；紫花鳳仙花具種子繁殖及地下莖繁殖二種方式，二者皆於三月開始發芽，花期主要集中於七、八及九月。三種鳳仙花之花瓣凋謝後，膨大的子房約20天後成熟、開裂，並於冬季遇低溫後植株枯萎。
鳳仙花屬植物之花絲包圍雌雄，其中棣慕華鳳仙花之花藥位於雌蕊前端，花柱於開花當天伸入花藥內；而黃花鳳仙花、紫花鳳仙花及非洲鳳仙花‘Accent Rose’之花絲包住柱頭前端，花藥位於雌蕊側邊，柱頭於開花過程不會伸入花藥內，待花藥脫落後才露出雌蕊。
棣慕華鳳仙花之花粉適合培養於含10%-15%蔗糖之Brewbaker and Kwack (BK)培養基，於10-30 ℃發芽率佳，並於開花當日有最佳之發芽率；黃花鳳仙花之花粉亦適合培養於含10%-15%蔗糖之BK培養基，10-35 ℃皆可順利發芽，其中以20 ℃最佳，開花第二天之花粉發芽率最好；紫花鳳仙花之花粉以含0%-10%蔗糖之BK培養基、10-25 ℃培養發芽最佳，但於30-35 ℃亦可發芽，以開花第二天及第三天之花粉發芽率較佳；非洲鳳仙花‘Accent Rose’之花粉培養於僅含0%-5%蔗糖之BK培養基便可發芽，於25 ℃發芽率優於其他溫度，開花第三天之花粉發芽率最佳。
以四種鳳仙花為親本自交或雜交，於授粉24小時後，皆可於花柱中與胚珠處觀察到花粉管螢光；然以石蠟切片觀察胚發育，僅黃花鳳仙花與紫花鳳仙花之正反交、黃花鳳仙花與非洲鳳仙花‘Accent Rose’雜交，可發育至球胚期，其他雜交胚停滯於原胚階段，所有雜交組合胚之發育皆無法超過授粉後12天，顯示以此四種鳳仙花為親本進行雜交，有雜交障礙。以黃花鳳仙花為種子親與非洲鳳仙花‘Accent Rose’為花粉親雜交，取授粉後7、9及11天之胚珠，以含30或60 g∙L-1蔗糖之Nitsch and Nitsch培養基於20 ℃培養，於培養20天內胚珠全數褐化。Impatiens walleriana Hook.f is one of the most important bedding plants in Taiwan or worldwide. In Taiwan, there are three native Impatiens species, I. devolii Huang, I. tayemonii Hayata, and I. uniflora Hayata, could be used as breeding materials. Self- and inter-specific pollination between three native Impatiens and Impatiens walleriana Hook.f ‘Accent Rose’ were investigated in this study. The objectives were to investigate 1) the native Impatiens species growth behavior under natural conditions at Mei-Feng area, 2) anther dehiscence, pollen germination rate, and changes in stamen-pistil relative position during flowering, 3) in vivo pollen tube growth, developments of ovary, ovule and embryo, and thus to clarify hybridization barriers in Impatiens. Hybrid embryos were cultured to rescue possible inter-specific progenies.
Under natural conditions in Mei-Feng area, seeds of Impatiens devolii Huang germinated in March and April. In late June, young plants grew rapidly and flowered in July and August. For Impatiens tayemonii Hayata, the seeds of germinated between November and March, the seedlings could tolerate the cold winter and continued to grow. Young plants grew rapidly from March and mature plants flowered from May to October. For Impatiens uniflora Hayata, there were seed- and rhizome- propagations. Both seed germination and rhizome sprouting occurred in March. Mature plants flowered in July and August. Capsules of the three species matured about 20 days after self-pollination and. Old plants senescenced when winter was came.
The pistil of Impatiens species was surrounded by the filaments. For I. devolii Huang the anther just located in frount the pistil, and the stigma elongated and entered to the anther at anthesis. The stigma of I. tayemonii Hayata, I. uniflora Hayata and I. walleriana Hook.f ‘Accent Rose’ was surrounded by the filaments, and the anther was beside the pistil. a And the stigma did not reach the anther in I. tayemonii Hayata, I. uniflora Hayata and I. walleriana Hook.f ‘Accent Rose’ during the flowering process.
The Brewbaker and Kwack (BK) medium containing 10%-15% sucrose was suitable for pollen germination of I. devolii Huang. Water bath temperature of 10 to 30 ℃ did not affect pollen germination rate. Pollens obtained at anthesis had the highest germination rate. Pollens of I. tayemonii Hayata germinated well on BK medium containing 10%-15% sucrose at 10 to 35 ℃, with highest rate at 20 ℃. Pollens obtained one day after anthesis had the highest germination rate. Pollens of I. uniflora Hayata germinated well on BK medium containing 0%-10% sucrose. Pollens could germinate at 30-35 ℃ but germinate better at 10 to 25 ℃. Pollens obtained one or two days after anthesis had the highest germination rate. Pollen of I. walleriana Hook.f ‘Accent Rose’ could germinate well on BK medium containing 0%-5% sucrose, the optimum germinate temperature was 25 ℃, and the highest pollen germination rate was two days after anthesis.
Pollen tubes could all be observed at the pistils and ovules 24 h after self- and inter-specific pollinating between I. devolii Huang, I. tayemonii Hayata, I. uniflora Hayata and I. walleriana Hook.f ‘Accent Rose’. There were no pre-fertilization barriers among these four parents. Paraffin section revealed that all self-pollinations resulted in well-developed embryos. The embryos could only reach the globular stage in cross-pollination between I. tayemonii Hayata and I. uniflora Hayata, and between I. tayemonii Hayata with I. walleriana Hook.f ‘Accent Rose’, and did not reach beyond pro-embryo stage for other cross-pollinated combinations. All cross-pollinated embryos failed to develop further and aborted 12 days after pollination. The ovules were taken 7, 9, and 11 days after pollination from crossing I. tayemonii Hayata with I. walleriana Hook.f ‘Accent Rose’ and cultured on Nitsch and Nitsch medium containing 30 or 60 g∙L-1 sucrose. All ovules became browning within 20 days when cultured in vitro
The effects of Posttraumatic Growth on Well-Being and Moderating Roles of Time since Surgery, Stage of Disease and Personality Traits in Women with Breast Cancer
No full text乳癌婦女的創傷後成長對其安適感之影響：
手術距今時間、診斷期數及人格特質可能的調節角色
摘要
創傷後成長（Posttraumatic growth）是指個體在和創傷或高壓力事件奮鬥歷程裡，所經驗到的正向改變。然而，在實證研究裡，如此正向的經驗卻與個體主觀安適感缺乏一致的關聯性。故本研究針對一群經歷過乳癌創傷事件的婦女，探討影響創傷後成長與安適感間相關性的可能因素（如: 調節變項），期許能更廣泛地瞭解創傷後成長的現象，特別是在它對個體安適感的影響。本研究提出四個可能的假設。首先，相較於手術距今時間少於兩年的婦女，當手術距今時間超過2年時，創傷後成長會與安適感呈現較強且較正向的關聯性。第二，對於診斷期數較嚴重的婦女，創傷後成長會與較低安適感（如: 較低生活滿意度和較高的創傷壓力症狀與憂鬱症狀）相關。第三，相較於人格特質較內向的婦女，人格特質較外向的婦女所知覺到的創傷後成長會與較佳安適感相關聯；相較於低神經質的婦女，高神經質的婦女所知覺到創傷後成長會與較差安適感相關。最後，相較於經驗到中等程度創傷後成長的婦女，經驗到低或高程度創傷後成長的婦女將報告較佳的安適感；此意涵著創傷後成長與安適感間的相關性為曲線相關。
此研究為橫斷性研究設計，有效樣本為281位乳癌婦女，選自於乳癌防治基金會或台大醫院。每位受試者均先由外科醫師轉介，在同意參與研究後，請受試者填寫一系列的量表。
基於創傷後成長量表之探索性因素分析的結果，在資料分析裡，創傷後成長不僅以總分進行分析，同時也將它解構為兩個子因素（內在成長與人際成長）加以分析。本研究發現:
1. 手術距今時間僅發現一個調節效果，但卻與預期不符，結果顯現只有在手術距今少於兩年的婦女身上，人際成長與創傷後壓力症狀呈顯著負相關，對於手術距今時間超過兩年的婦女則無顯著相關。
2. 診斷期數與外向性的人格特質並未調節成長與安適感間的關聯性。
3. 神經質的人格特質被證實是成長與安適感間可能的調節變項，不過，仍與假設不符。成長與生活滿意度呈正相關，但如此的關聯性在高神經質的婦女身上更為顯著；此外，成長與憂鬱呈負相關，但僅發生於具有高神經質的婦女身上，對於低或中等神經質的婦女則無顯著相關。
4. 研究結果部份支持成長與安適感呈現曲線相關。相較於知覺到中等程度成長的婦女，知覺到低或高程度成長的婦女傾向報告較少的創傷後壓力症狀與憂鬱症狀。不過，如此的現象並沒有出現在成長與生活滿意度之間的關聯性。
上述結果可能的含意將進一步與過去研究一同討論，並提出未來研究建議。
關鍵詞：創傷後成長、安適感、乳癌、手術距今時間、診斷期數、外向性、神經質、曲線相關。The Effects of Posttraumatic Growth on Well-Being and Moderating Roles of Time since Surgery, Stage of Disease and Personality Traits in Women with Breast Cancer
Yi-Lin Wang
Abstract
Posttraumatic growth (PTG) refers to the experiences of positive changes that result from struggling with a trauma or highly stressful event. However, among empirical studies, such positive experiences were hard to found a consistent association with well-being. Therefore, this research was aimed to investigate possible factors which may moderate or affect the relations of posttraumatic growth (PTG) to well-being in a sample of breast cancer (BC) women in Taiwan. It is hoped that the evidence from this research will further our understanding of the phenomenon of PTG more generally, and the association between PTG and well-being more particularly. Four hypotheses have been proposed. Firstly, stronger PTG would relate to greater well-being (e.g., higher life satisfaction, and lower PTSD symptoms and depression) when time since surgery is over 2 years. Secondly, PTG would associate with less well-being (e.g., lower life satisfaction, and higher PTSD symptoms and depression) for BC women with more severe disease stage. Thirdly, among extraverted women, PTG would correlate with higher well-being than introverts; in contrast, for women who have high neuroticism, PTG would associate with less well-being than those with low on neuroticism. Finally, women who perceived low or high level of PTG would report greater well-being than those with intermediate level of PTG, which implies a curvilinear association between PTG and well-being.
This is a cross-sectional research design. Total valid sample of BC women with surgery was 281, recruited from the Foundation of Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment or National Taiwan University Hospital. Each participant was referred from a surgical physician, and after agreeing to take part in this study, they were then given a series of questionnaires.
According to the result of exploratory factor analysis for posttraumatic growth scale, PTG was analyzed not only as a total score, but also deconstructed into intra- and inter-personal growth. Results of the current study indicate that:
1. One moderating effect of time since surgery was found. It revealed that intrapersonal growth was associated with less PTSD symptoms only for women who had surgery within 2 years, but non-significantly for those with time since surgery over 2 years.
2. Stage of disease and Extraversion did not moderate the relationship between growth and well-being.
3. Neuroticism was found to be a possible moderator of the association between PTG and well-being. However, it was contradictory to expectation. Growth related more positively to life satisfaction for women with high level of neuroticism. Furthermore, PTG was correlated with less depression only for high neuroticism women, but non-significantly for those with moderate or low level of neuroticism.
4. Curvilinear relationship between PTG and well-being was partially supported. Women who perceived low or high level of PTG tended to report less PTSD symptoms and depression than those who had intermediate PTG, but such phenomenon was not observed in the association between PTG and life satisfaction.
The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to previous research, and suggestions for future research are further recommended.
Keywords: Posttraumatic growth, Well-being, Breast cancer, Time since surgery, Stage of disease, Extraversion, Neuroticism, Curvilinear relationship
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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