248 research outputs found
Snooker, not pinball
No full textIn 2011, Andrzej Stankiewicz, professor of process intensification (3mE Faculty), received a grant of 2.3 million euros from the European Research Council to conduct research into the improvement of chemical reactors ‘at molecular level’. Last September, Stankiewicz’s ‘Perfect Reactors Lab’ opened its doors. One type of microreactor (1) is already known: a glass plate through which molecules can flow through micro- or nano-channels. But how can one perfect a microreactor and how does it work?Process EnergyMechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineerin
Sprawność fizyczna żołnierzy z województwa Zachodniopomorskiego = Physical fitness of soldiers from the province of Zachodniopomorskie.
No full textStankiewicz Błażej, Bożek Radosław. Sprawność fizyczna żołnierzy z województwa Zachodniopomorskiego = Physical fitness of soldiers from the province of Zachodniopomorskie. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(12):184-214. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.193030
http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4045
The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.11.2016. Revised 22.11.2016. Accepted: 06.12.2016.
Sprawność fizyczna żołnierzy z województwa Zachodniopomorskiego
Physical fitness of soldiers from the province of Zachodniopomorskie
Błażej Stankiewicz¹, Radosław Bożek¹
Blazej Stankiewicz¹, Radoslaw Bozek¹
¹ Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy
¹ Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz
Słowa kluczowe: sprawność fizyczna, Wojsko Polskie, armia
Key words: physical fitness, the Polish Army, army
Streszczenie
Celem pracy było poznanie poziomu sprawności żołnierzy 100 Batalionu Łączności. W sprawdzianie sprawności fizycznej udział wzięło 403 żołnierzy.
W grupie tej znalazło się 15 oficerów, 203 podoficerów i 185 szeregowych. W ramach sprawdzianu żołnierze poddani zostali czterem próbom: podciągania na drążku, skłony tułowia w czasie 2 minut, bieg wahadłowy 10x10 metrów oraz marszobieg na 3000 metrów.
Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że największym poziomem sprawności fizycznej wykazali oficerowie, którzy uzyskali największą ilość ocen bardzo dobrych we wszystkich czterech próbach. Natomiast najniższym poziomem sprawności fizycznej wykazali szeregowi. Badani żołnierze najlepsze wyniki uzyskali podczas wykonywania skłonów tułowia w czasie 2 minut. Natomiast najgorsze wyniki badani żołnierze uzyskali podczas marszobiegu na 3000 metrów, co świadczy o niskim poziomie wytrzymałości. Zróżnicowanie ocen wewnątrz poszczególnych grup wiekowych, występujące we wszystkich trzech korpusach, udowodniło, że wiek badanych żołnierzy i wiążące się z nim normy wymagań nie wpływają na osiągane rezultaty.
Summary
The aim of the study was to determine the fitness level of troops of 100 Battalion of Communications. The quiz physical attended by 403 soldiers. In this group, there were 15 officers, 203 non-commissioned officers and 185 privates. As part of the test soldiers were subjected to four tests: pull on the stick, the body slopes in 2 minutes, running swinging 10x10 meters and run at 3,000 meters.
The study shows that the greatest level of physical fitness showed officers, who obtained the greatest number of very good grades in all four trials. In contrast, the lowest level of physical fitness showed a number. Respondents soldiers the best results obtained during the execution of the torso bends 2 minutes. While the worst performing subjects soldiers received during the slow-run 3000 meters, which indicates a low level of strength. Differentiation of ratings within each age group, present in all three bodies, proved that the age of the respondents soldiers and binding with it the standard requirements do not affect the achieved results
Analiza porównawcza derywatów francuskich i polskich jako test uniwersalności techniki słowotwórczej
No full textThe word-formation technique to be tested is the derivation of verbs by exchange of prefixes, discovered and defined in 2006 by Joanna Stankiewicz, developed in 2006 and 2009 by Michał Wiśnicki for Polish, and in 2010 by Wanda Fijałkowska for French. In each language different prefixal pairs are used. The semantic motivation becomes obvious if we resort to w rd-formation paraphrases (as defined by Jadwiga Puzynina). A correctly formulated paraphrase of a derived word has to contain on the surface the original prefix – that of the base. This kind of paraphrases is not employed by French morphologists, but is applicable to studies on the French language. Logically, the activity named by the derived verb cannot occur before the activity named by its base is terminated: we cannot unscrew something that is not screwed, or extend a building that is not built yet. Otherwise, we cannot explain that the prefixes in such verbs as débrigader, recharger, surgeler, odrysować, oddzwonić, nabroić are unique and not simply added one to another. In spite of the differences between Polish and French accomplished verbs, common and productive patterns appear – for example, in both languages annulative, transformative, directional and effective verbs are created. The analyses that we have carried out are the first step towards proving the universality of this word-formation technique.La technique de construction de mots que nous nous proposons d’étudier est une dérivation de verbes qui se fait par échange de préfixes. Elle fut découverte et décrite en 2006 par Joanna Stankiewicz, sa théorie fut développée en 2009 par Michał Wiśnicki pour le polonais et en 2010 par Wanda Fijałkowska pour le français. Les deux langues utilisent différentes paires de préfixes, p.ex. en français – embrigader – débrigader, décharger – recharger, congeler – surgeler, exploser - imploser et en polonais – narysować – odrysować, ugotować – nagotować, zadzwonić – oddzwonić, zbudować – dobudować, zbroić – nabroić. La motivation sémantique des verbes cités comme seconds dans chaque paire devient évidente si nous nous servons de la paraphrase (selon la définition de Jadwiga Puzynina). La paraphrase correcte d’un dérivé doit contenir la base avec son préfixe. Ce type de paraphrase n’est pas utilisé par les chercheurs qui étudient le français ; or, elle peut très bien servir à décrire la dérivation dans cette langue. Du point de vue logique, l’action décrite par le verbe dérivé ne peut avoir lieu avant celle qu’exprime le verbe de base : on ne peut odkręcić (dévisser) qch. qui n’est pas przykręcone (vissé), ni rozbudować (étendre) un bâtiment qui n’a pas encore été zbudowany (construit). Sinon, on ne pourrait expliquer pourquoi les préfixes des verbes comme débrigader, recharger, surgeler, odrysować, oddzwonić, nabroić sont spécifiques et ne furent pas simplement ajoutés aux verbes non munis d’un autre préfixe. Parmi les verbes accomplis polonais et français, on trouve des modèles productifs qui leur sont communs, p.ex. les deux langues forment des dérivés annulatifs (skręcić – rozkręcić, emballer – déballer), transformatifs (zbudować – przebudować, encoder – transcoder), de changement de direction (dobudować – nadbudować, exploser – imploser) et effectifs (umyć – domyć, congeler – surgeler). Les analyses menées ici constituent un premier pas pour prouver que cette technique de construction de mots a un caractère universel.Technika słowotwórcza, którą zbadano, to derywacja czasowników, dokonująca się przez wymianę prefiksów. Została ona odkryta i zdefiniowana w 2006 roku przez Joannę Stankiewicz, jej teoria została rozwinięta w 2006 i 2009 roku przez Michała Wiśnickiego dla języka polskiego oraz w 2010 roku przez Wandę Fijałkowską dla języka francuskiego. W obu językach używane są różne pary przedrostków. Motywacja semantyczna drugich członów tych par werbalnych staje się oczywista, jeśli posłużymy się parafrazą słowotwórczą (wg definicji Jadwigi Puzyniny). Poprawnie sformułowana parafraza derywatu powinna zawierać prefiks podstawy. Ten rodzaj parafraz nie bywa stosowany przez morfologów badających język francuski, lecz może znaleźć zastosowanie w studiach nad tym językiem. Z punktu widzenia logicznego czynność określona czasownikiem pochodnym nie może wydarzyć się wcześniej, niż zakończy się czynność wyrażona czasownikiem bazowym: nie można odkręcić czegoś, co nie jest przykręcone, ani rozbudować budynku, który nie został jeszcze zbudowany. W przeciwnym razie nie można wytłumaczyć, że przedrostki w takich czasownikach, jak: débrigader, recharger, surgeler, odrysować, oddzwonić, nabroić są specyficzne, i nie zostały po prostu dodane do podstaw bezprefiksalnych. Pomimo różnic między polskimi i francuskimi czasownikami dokonanymi pojawiają się wspólne dla nich produktywne wzorce, np. tworzone są derywaty anulatywne, transformatywne, kierunkowe i efektywne. Przeprowadzone analizy stanowią pierwszy krok w stronę dowodu, że opisywana technika słowotwórcza jest uniwersalna
Technologies for Optimisation and Control of Nucleation and Growth for New Generations of Industrial Crystallizers
No full textThe scope of this thesis is to study new methods for control of the most important phenomena in crystallization processes: nucleation and crystal growth. In order to achieve this, novel process equipment, which utilize alternative driving forces, were developed. It was proven that primary nucleation for solution crystallization can be controlled using laser irradiation. The relationship between creation, expansion and collapse of a vapor cavity induced by a laser pulse and the subsequent nucleation of crystals was both experimentally and theoretically investigated. Regarding crystal growth, it was shown that it can be controlled in an airlift crystallizer, in which, under the right conditions, growth can become the dominant crystallization mechanism, suppressing almost completely secondary nucleation. This air-mixed crystallizer enables the production of crystals with high quality and offers a large flexibility of the final crystal size. The research presented in this thesis brings new alternatives for control of nucleation and growth of the crystals and thus new methods for flexible process operation and enhanced product quality in industrial crystallization processes.Process & EnergyMechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineerin
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of 3R Polytypes of Mg-Al Layered Double Hydroxides
No full textLayered Double Hydroxides (LDH) is a unique group of clays that have an anionic exchange capability. This research explored the hydrothermal method as an alternative method to synthesize Mg-Al LDH. It is a simple and more environmentally friendly compared to the conventional method of co-precipitation. Furthermore, depending on the synthesis condition, two different polytypes, namely 3R1 and 3R2 can be synthesized. The first part of the research was focused on the optimization of the hydrothermal synthesis. Various pre-treatment techniques of the reactants were investigated. The use of a microwave system as an alternative energy source resulted in the formation of a unique donut-shaped crystal which provides enlargement of the specific surface area of the {hk0} faces, needed for adsorption application. The growth mechanism of such donut-like crystals is studied by AFM as well as by STEM-EDX. The interrelation of polytype 3R1 and 3R2 along with the chemical composition and structure of polytype 3R2 is addressed in the second part. The transition temperature is approximately at 110 ºC with 3R1 being stabile at lower temperatures and 3R2 at higher temperatures. Polytype 3R2 was also found to have more aluminum content compared to 3R1. The excess aluminium is the presence as tetrahedrally coordinated aluminate ion located in the interlayer as charge compensation. The apical oxygen of the aluminate is grafted onto the octahedral metal layer, inducing the formation of 3R2 stacking. This grafted structure might explain the reluctance of polytype 3R2 to be ion exchanged compared to 3R1.Process and EnergyMechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineerin
Monitoring and Characterization of Crystal Nucleation and Growth during Batch Crystallization
No full textBatch crystallization is commonly used in pharmaceutical, agrochemical, specialty and fine chemicals industry. The advantages of batch crystallization lie in its ease of operation and the relatively simple equipment that can be used. On the other hand a major disadvantage associated with it is the inconsistent and usually poor product quality. Quality of the crystalline product, which is defined in terms of the Crystal Size Distribution (CSD), purity, kind of solid state etc., is related to its performance when used as an ingredient during subsequent processes. Also the quality of the product from batch crystallization process has a strong influence on the efficiency of downstream operations like filtration and drying. Hence it is essential to reduce the batch-to-batch variations in the product quality. In this thesis three basic requirements for achieving consistent product quality have been identified. These requirements are a.) strong domain knowledge, b.) proper means of characterizing crystallization phenomena, c.) adequate process monitoring capabilities. The results presented in this thesis help in meeting the above requirements and are summarized below. a. Crystallization domain knowledge: Three important results related to the Metastable Zone Width (MSZW) have been obtained in this thesis which cannot be explained by the conventional understanding. It has been shown in this thesis that i. MSZW is not a deterministic property ii. MSZW is volume dependent iii. There exists a relationship between MSZWs measured at different volumes under similar conditions. The MSZW measurements at small volumes of 1 mL show large variations while the variations in the measurements reduce as the volume is increased. The extent of variations in the MSZW measurements at a particular volume changes from one model system to the other. The smallest measured MSZW at all volumes between 1 mililitre and 1 litre is the same. The dramatic deviation from the conventional understanding of the measured MSZWs is a result of inadequate understanding of the nucleation process. Conventionally, a multiple nuclei mechanism is assumed in which large number of nuclei are born together in a very short time interval. However in this thesis evidence is presented for a mechanism in which only a single nucleus is formed initially in a supersaturated solution which grows into a single crystal. After growth to a certain size, this single crystal undergoes extensive secondary nucleation which results into multiple crystalline fragments. The newly postulated mechanism is called the Single Nucleus Mechanism. All the crystals produced in an unseeded batch crystallization therefore originate from a single primary nucleus by secondary nucleation. This indicates that during an unseeded industrial batch crystallization process, there will be different generations of crystals present. Hence, in order to achieve crystals with desirable quality, control strategies must be focused on controlling both primary and secondary nucleation. b. Crystallization characterization: In this thesis novel methods to characterize crystal nucleation, growth and MSZW have been developed. The characterization of crystal nucleation and MSZW is done with the help of a stochastic model developed based on the Single Nucleus Mechanism. The stochastic model indicates that the nucleation rate is several orders of magnitude smaller than that postulated by the Classical Nucleation Theory. The low nucleation rate leads to the stochastic MSZWs. Unlike the conventional population balance model which shows that the MSZW is independent of volume, the stochastic model indicates that the MSZW is a function of volume. The stochastic model also enables scale dependent study of the MSZW. The characterization of crystal growth is performed by the combination of information from both the concentration measurement sensor and the crystal size distribution (CSD) measurement sensor. It is shown that by combining of the concentration and CSD measurements a better parameter estimation and better process description could be achieved. c. Crystallization process monitoring: In this thesis in situ measurement of several process variables has been successfully demonstrated not only at lab scale but also at industrial scale. A comparison has been performed between two spectroscopy based techniques viz. attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and Fourier transform near infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIR) for in situ concentration monitoring during crystallization at lab scale. Based on the comparison, ATR-FTIR is found to be more accurate than FT-NIR for different model systems. In spite of accurate concentration monitoring at lab scale, the concentration monitoring with ATR-FTIR leads to biased measurements at industrial scale due to the differences in the curvature of fiber optics. To facilitate the in situ concentration measurements in industrial environment, two calibration procedures have been investigated which circumvent problems associated with calibration transfer from lab to industrial scale. In the first procedure data from a cheap ultrasound based concentration probe is combined with the spectra from ATR-FTIR spectroscope. It is shown that this combination of data enables a rapid calibration of ATR-FTIR at industrial scale. In the second procedure, multiple Process Analytical Technology (PAT) tools that were arranged in a measurement skid were calibrated simultaneously at industrial scale. The skid configuration of the PAT tools allows for the combination of the calibration procedure with process characterization. The monitoring of the process at industrial scale with multiple sensors brings new process insights which can lead to better process control and optimization strategies. The results presented in this thesis will enable achievement of consistent product quality by facilitating efficient process and equipment design, process development, and process control.Process and EnergyMechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineerin
Editorial for the Andrzej Górak Festschrift
No full textGreen Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Complex Fluid Processin
"You have to live a long time to taste the simplest things". Posters by Eugeniusz Get-Stankiewicz in the department of social life documents of the Ossoliński National Institute
No full textThe article recalls the most glorious times of the Polish poster school and the artistic environment of Wrocław in the 1960s and 1970s, which is the background for the presentation of Eugeniusz Get-Stankiewicz and his artistic work. The author focuses mainly on Get’s poster art, especially on objects from the rich collection donated by the artist to the Department of Social Life Documents of the Ossoliński National Institute
Incapacitas assumendi (can. 1095, n. 3 CIC) in the judgment of the Roman Rota c. Stankiewicz of 27 July 2010
No full textThe author presents and provides a commentary on the judgment of the Roman Rota, passed on 27.07.2010 (in the third instance) by a panel of auditors coram Stankiewicz in a nullitatis matrimonii case on account on a man’s inability to take up significant conjugal obligations as a result of mental problems (in the first instance a judgment declaring the marriage null and void had been passed, but it was reversed in the second instance); the marriage between the parties, which produced a child, lasted almost eight years.The obtained evidence (testimonies of parties and witnesses, two opinions of experts, obtained in the first and third instance) enabled judges of the third instance to assume that the man’s (the defendant’s) inability to take up significant conjugal obligations has not been proven. It has been concluded that his passivity and dependence on his parents was not pathological in nature
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