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Assessing the affective impact of social navigation tools in facilitating exploratory search
No full textGraduate Recital: Wan-Ching Wu; Wen-Jing Liu, Piano; April 9, 2010
Full text linkKemp Recital HallApril 9, 2010Friday Evening9:00 p.m
Journalists' estimation of the impact of sensationalism in newspapers: a third-person effect analysis.
Full text linkWan Ching Kwan, Carol.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996.Includes bibliographical references (leaves [70]-[71]).Questionnaire also in Chinese.AcknowledgementAbstractChapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.1Chapter Chapter 2: --- Theoretical Framework and Literature Review --- p.6Third-Person Effect Hypothesis --- p.6Sensationalism --- p.18Non-sensational News --- p.20Chapter Chapter 3: --- Rationale and Hypotheses --- p.25Hypotheses --- p.28Chapter Chapter 4: --- Methodology --- p.32Measurement and Procedures --- p.32Chapter Chapter 5: --- Findings --- p.36Subjects --- p.36Descriptive Findings --- p.37Findings of Other Statistical Tests --- Hypothesis 1 and Hypothesis2 --- p.41Negative and Positive Third-Person Effect --- p.44Negative Reverse Third-Person Effect and Positive Reverse Third-Person Effect --- p.45Findings for Hypothesis3 --- p.47Findings for Hypothesis4 --- p.48Differences Between Popular Newspaper Journalists and Elite Newspaper Journalists --- p.49Working Experience in the Journalism --- p.50Length of Service in the Present Organisations --- p.51Job Levels --- p.52Age --- p.53Other Demographics --- p.53Chapter Chapter 6: --- Discussion --- p.55Perception of Media Impact --- p.55Negative Third-Person Effect --- p.56Level of Education and the Estimation of the Media Impact --- p.58Estimation of Media Impact and the Support for the Improvement of Professional Standard --- p.59Differences Between Popular Newspaper Journalists and Elite Newspaper Journalists --- p.61Self-perception of the Journalists --- p.62Length of Service in the Present Organisations --- p.64Other Demographics --- p.64Chapter Chapter 7: --- Conclusion --- p.67BibliographyAppendix I English QuestionnaireAppendix II --- Chinese Questionnair
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Effects of Polysaccharide-rich Fraction from Fu-Ling [Poria cocos (Schew.) Wolf] on the Immunomodulation and CT26 Cell-Implanted Balb/c Mice
No full text本研究以茯苓乾燥子實體之酒精沉澱粗多醣為樣品進行動物實驗，探討Balb/c鼠之非特異性免疫、特異性免疫反應以及對皮下轉殖CT26腫瘤之作用。
在非特異性免疫實驗部分，將不同濃度茯苓粗多醣餵食Balb/c鼠33天後，發現其生長狀況良好，且器官相對重量不受影響。犧牲動物取脾臟細胞以PHA刺激後，發現餵食茯苓粗多醣具有促進脾臟細胞增生的能力，自然殺手細胞的活性方面，雖與控制組雖無顯著差異，但有較高之趨勢比例。脾臟細胞表面抗原分析得知，實驗組中T細胞、Th細胞、Tc細胞及B細胞和控制組相比無顯著差異，代表餵食茯苓粗多醣不會影響脾臟細胞中各淋巴細胞的消長，可維持平衡穩定狀態。
特異性免疫實驗方面，以腹腔注射ovalbumin (OVA)對Balb/c鼠致敏，得知小鼠餵食茯苓粗多醣不會影響其生長狀況。特異性抗體分析後，顯示餵食茯苓粗多醣對小鼠血清中抗OVA專一性抗體IgG和IgM含量有下降情形，餵食100 mg/kg bw茯苓粗多醣脾臟中CD8(+) Tc細胞比例下降，濃度200 mg/kg bw則會提高CD4(+) Th細胞和CD8(+) Tc細胞比例。
於Balb/c鼠皮下轉殖CT26腫瘤後，發現餵食400 mg/kg bw的茯苓粗多醣組和控制組相比，其腫瘤抑制率為32.1%。分析血清中抗體IgG含量，得知餵食茯苓粗多醣有助於明顯(p < 0.05)提升IgG含量，及促進經PHA刺激後之脾臟細胞增生作用。脾臟細胞經表面抗原分析，轉殖腫瘤會使淋巴細胞比例降低，而餵食茯苓粗多醣可提高小鼠脾臟中Th細胞、Tc細胞及B細胞比例。Polysaccharide-rich fraction (PRF) from dried fruiting body of Fu-Ling [Poria cocos (Schew.) Wolf] was prepared from cool-water extracts by ethanol precipitation to study its immunomodulatory and anti-tumor effects in vivo.
In non-specific immune response, oral administration of PRF for 33 days did not affect the growth and relative organ weight of Balb/c mice. Relative proliferation ratio of PHA-stimulated spleonocytes in mice was significantly increased, while natural killer activity, splenocyte surface markers of T, Th, Tc, and B cells were similar to the corresponding result of the control group.
Mice were immunized with ovalbumin (OVA) to conduct the specific immune response experiment. It was found that oral administration of PRF induced the reduction of anti-OVA IgG and IgM levels. Oral administration of 100 mg/kg bw PRF significantly reduced the percentage of CD8(+) Tc splenocytes, while higher dose of 200 mg/kg bw significantly increased CD4(+) Th and CD8(+) Tc percentage.
In anti-tumor test of CT26-implanted Balb/c mice, about 32.1% of tumor was suppressed at dose of 400 mg/kg bw PRF. The content of serum IgG and proliferation of PHA-stimulated splenocytes for mice orally administrated with PRF were significantly higher than that of control group. Ratio of lymphocyte of CT26-implanted Balb/c mice decreased in splenocytes, but oral administration of PRF increased the cell numbers of Th, Tc, and B cells.中文摘要 - 9 -
英文摘要 - 10 -
第一章 前言 - 11 -
第二章 文獻整理 - 12 -
一、茯苓簡介 - 12 -
二、茯苓主要化學成分 - 12 -
三、茯苓之研究 - 14 -
(一)免疫調節作用 - 14 -
(二)抗腫瘤活性 - 16 -
(三)抗發炎活性 - 18 -
(四)抗氧化活性 - 19 -
(五)其他活性 - 20 -
四、免疫系統 - 20 -
(一)先天性免疫反應 - 20 -
1. 身體性的屏障 - 20 -
2. 生理性屏障 - 21 -
3. 吞噬性屏障 - 21 -
4. 發炎屏障 - 21 -
(二)後天性免疫反應 - 21 -
1. B淋巴細胞 - 22 -
2. T淋巴細胞 - 22 -
3. 抗原呈獻細胞 - 23 -
(三)自然殺手細胞 - 23 -
(四)細胞激素 - 24 -
(五)免疫球蛋白 - 24 -
1. 免疫球蛋白G - 26 -
2. 免疫球蛋白M - 26 -
3. 免疫球蛋白A - 26 -
4. 免疫球蛋白E - 26 -
5. 免疫球蛋白D - 27 -
五、健康食品之免疫調節功能評估 - 27 -
六、實驗架構 - 28 -
第三章 材料與方法 - 29 -
一、茯苓粗多醣萃取 - 29 -
(一)茯苓粗多醣萃取流程 - 29 -
(二)實驗材料 - 30 -
1. 原料 - 30 -
2. 實驗藥品與試劑 - 30 -
3. 實驗器材與儀器 - 30 -
(三)萃取方法和步驟 - 31 -
1. 樣品製備 - 31 -
2. 樣品蛋白質含量測定 - 31 -
3. 樣品總醣含量測定 - 32 -
二、茯苓粗多醣萃取物對Balb/c鼠體內非特異性免疫反應之影響 - 33 -
(一)實驗流程 - 33 -
(二)實驗材料 - 34 -
1. 樣品來源 - 34 -
2. 動物飼料 - 34 -
3. 實驗動物 - 34 -
4. 實驗器材和設備 - 34 -
(三)實驗步驟和方法 - 36 -
1. 動物飼養 - 36 -
2. 實驗組別 - 36 -
3. 血樣的收集 - 37 -
4. 臟器的收集 - 37 -
5. 脾臟細胞的收集 - 37 -
6. 自然殺手細胞活性分析 - 38 -
7. 製備脾臟細胞培養液 - 38 -
8. 脾臟細胞增生能力測定 - 39 -
9. 血清中非特異性抗體的測定 - 40 -
10. 脾臟細胞表面標記分析 - 41 -
三、茯苓粗多醣萃取物對Balb/c鼠體內特異性免疫反應之影響 - 42 -
(一)實驗流程 - 42 -
(二)實驗材料 - 43 -
1. 樣品來源 - 43 -
2. 動物飼料 - 43 -
3. 實驗動物 - 43 -
4. 實驗器材和設備 - 43 -
(三)實驗步驟和方法 - 45 -
1. 動物飼養 - 45 -
2. 實驗組別 - 45 -
3. 致敏操作 - 46 -
4. 血清中特異性抗體的測定 - 47 -
四、茯苓粗多醣萃取物對Balb/c鼠轉殖CT26腫瘤之作用 - 48 -
(一)實驗流程 - 48 -
(二)實驗材料 - 49 -
1. 樣品來源 - 49 -
2. 實驗細胞株 - 49 -
3. 實驗動物 - 49 -
4. 實驗器材與儀器 - 49 -
(三)實驗步驟和方法 - 51 -
1. CT26細胞之冷凍保存 - 51 -
2. CT26細胞之解凍 - 51 -
3. CT26細胞之培養 - 51 -
4. 實驗組別 - 52 -
5. 轉殖腫瘤 - 53 -
6. 細胞激素分泌量之分析 - 53 -
7. 統計分析 - 54 -
第四章 結果與討論 - 56 -
一、茯苓粗多醣萃取 - 56 -
茯苓粗多醣之蛋白質及總醣含量 - 56 -
二、茯苓粗多醣萃取物對Balb/c鼠體內非特異性免疫反應之影響 - 56 -
(一)體重變化 - 56 -
(二)器官相對重量 - 56 -
(三)血清中IgG含量 - 57 -
(四)脾臟細胞增生能力 - 57 -
(五)自然殺手細胞活性 - 58 -
(六)脾臟細胞表面抗原分析 - 58 -
三、茯苓粗多醣萃取物對Balb/c鼠體內特異性免疫反應之影響 - 60 -
(一)體重變化 - 60 -
(二)器官相對重量 - 61 -
(三)茯苓粗多醣對OVA致敏之Balb/c鼠脾臟細胞表面抗原分析 - 61 -
(四)茯苓粗多醣對OVA致敏之Balb/c鼠抗OVA專一性抗體IgG和IgM之影響 - 62 -
四、茯苓粗多醣萃取物對Balb/c鼠轉殖CT26腫瘤之作用 - 63 -
(一)體重變化 - 63 -
(二)器官相對重量 - 64 -
(三)腫瘤生長大小 - 64 -
(四)茯苓粗多醣對轉殖CT26腫瘤之Balb/c鼠血清中抗體IgG含量之影響 - 64 -
(五)茯苓粗多醣對轉殖CT26腫瘤之Balb/c鼠脾臟細胞增生能力之影響 - 65 -
(六)茯苓粗多醣對轉殖CT26腫瘤之Balb/c鼠脾臟細胞表面抗原分析... - 66 -
(七)茯苓粗多醣對轉殖CT26腫瘤之Balb/c鼠脾臟細胞條件培養液中TNF-α含量之影響 - 67 -
第五章 總結 - 69 -
參考文獻 - 102
Agreement between Patients with Parkinson’s Diseasend Their Caregivers in Measures of Patient''s Self Carebilities, Mental Health and Quality of Life
No full text巴金森氏症病患好發於中老年人，且常伴隨有焦慮或憂鬱之心理健康問題，進而影響病患之生活品質，主要的治療方式目前仍以藥物控制為主，且隨著疾病分期的進展，主要照護者對病患自我照顧能力、心理健康以及生活品質的評估愈顯重要，病患自評與主要照護者評估之間一致性愈佳，對醫療照護愈有益。但在臨床照護中發現，病患及主要照護者之間對於病患的自我照顧能力、心理健康狀況以及生活品質的評估並不一致，故引發本研究之目的在於瞭解巴金森氏症病患與其主要照護者對病患之自我照顧能力、心理健康及生活品質評估一致性之研究。 本研究採立意取樣，以北部某醫學中心之巴金森氏症門診以及「巴金森氏症暨運動障礙中心」之巴金森氏症病患與其主要照護者為研究對象，收案期間自民國97年12月中旬至98年3月底，共收案76位個案與其主要照護者，研究工具包括：巴氏量表、工具性日常生活活動量表、中國人健康量表以及臺灣簡明版世界衛生組織生活品質問卷，以問卷方式分別收集病患及其主要照護者資料。研究結果發現，身體外顯功能方面，病患與主要照護者評估巴氏量表平均一致性（Kappa值）為0.42；複雜性日常生活活動能力方面，工具性日常生活活動量表平均ㄧ致性（Kappa值）為0.46，亦為中等一致性。心理健康屬較為隱晦的狀況，中國人健康量表平均一致性（Kappa值）為0.05，一致性極低，以3分作為切分點，有61.8%的巴金森氏症病患自評有焦慮或憂鬱輕型精神症狀傾向，生活品質方面，病患自評及其主要照護者評估之平均一致性（Kappa值）為0.25，一致性低，且病患自評罹病後之生活品質明顯低於罹病前之生活品質(t=-12.14, p=0.00)。金森氏症病患自評結果顯示基本日常生活活動能力與複雜性日常生活活動能力呈顯著正相關(r=0.79, p=0.00)，基本日常生活活動能力與生活品質呈顯著正相關(r=0.55, p=0.00)，複雜性日常生活活動能力與生活品質呈現顯著正相關(r=0.48, p=0.00)，心理健康與基本日常生活活動能力(r=-0.44, p=0.00)、複雜性日常生活活動能力(r=-0.32, p=0.00)以及生活品質(r=-0.50, p=0.00)均呈現顯著負相關，且疾病分期不同，病患在基本日常生活活動能力(F(2,73)=8.68, p=0.00)、複雜性日常生活活動能力(F(2,73)= 8.57, p=0.00)的執行也顯著不同。 主要照護者以女性居多，共53人(69.7%)，關係多為配偶，且居住在一起。每日照顧病患時間愈久，評估病患在基本日常生活活動能力(r=-0.51, p=0.00)、複雜性日常生活活動能力(r=-0.49, p=0.00)愈需要協助，且評估病患之生活品質(r=-0.43, p=0.00)較差；照顧年限愈久者，評估病患之基本日常生活活動能力(r=-0.24, p=0.03)、複雜性日常生活活動能力(r=-0.26, p=0.03)愈需要協助。主要照護者之身分為病患之配偶、以及主要照護者特性為「無」收入者以及「無」工作者有較低估病患之基本日常生活活動能力以及複雜性日常生活活動能力的趨勢。心理健康方面，主要照護者為「無配偶」者、與病患關係為「非配偶者」、「無」收入以及不與病患同住者亦有較低估病患之心理健康狀態的趨勢。生活品質方面，婚姻狀況為「無配偶」者、與病患關係為「非配偶者」、「無」收入者、與病患不同住者以及「無」工作者有較高估病患之生活品質的趨勢。 巴金森氏症病患之生活品質影響因子為基本日常生活活動能力(β=0.32, p=0.01)與疾病分期(β=-0.31, p=0.01)，基本日常生活活動能力可解釋變異量為19%，而疾病分期可解釋變異量7%，共可解釋變異量為26% (Adjusted R2=0.26)。 藉由本研究之發現，病患自評與主要照護者評估於基本日常生活活動能力以及複雜性日常生活活動能力之一致性較心理健康以及生活品質之ㄧ致性佳，巴金森氏症病患自我照顧能力愈佳，對生活品質愈滿意，且心理健康狀況愈好。主要照護者對病患的支持與協助對病患是相當重要，藉由主要照護者對病患需求的確認，提供必要協助，並鼓勵病患主動表達出想法，除了可加強病患基本日常生活活動能力及複雜性日常生活活動能力外，尚可提升病患與家屬者之間的一致性，也可使醫護之間的溝通更為明確，相對可提升病患的心理健康以及生活品質。期望將本研究之研究結果應用於臨床護理實務上，使主要照護者獲得充分的資訊及協助可使病患獲得更適切之照護。Parkinson’s Disease (PD) occurs most among elderly people. Mental problems, namely anxiety and depression, significantly affect the Quality of Life (QOL) of patients with PD. Oral medication is currently the most widely used treatment for PD. Additionally, caregiver’s measures of patient’s self care abilities, mental health and QOL are essential for clinical decision making in patients in advanced stages of PD. Better agreements between patient self-rated and proxy lead to better treatment decisions. However, clinical experience indicates patients’ self-rated measures and reports from their caregivers often do not agree with each other. Hence, the main purpose of this investigation is to understand the agreement among reports in these factors. The data of 76 patients and their caregivers were recruited with purposive sampling from a PD out-patient clinical and center of Parkinsonism and movement disorder in a medical center in Taipei from December 2008 to March 2009. The data were accumulated using the Barthel Index, the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Life, Chinese Health Questionnaire and WHOQOL-BREF Taiwan Version. The mean agreement values (Kappa) of Barthel Index and the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Life in this study were 0.46 and 0.42, respectively, indicating moderate agreement. The mean Kappa value of Chinese Health Questionnaire was 0.05, signifying extremely low agreement. Using 3 as the cut-off point, 61.8% of the patients had non-psychotic mental disorders. The mean Kappa value of WHOQOL-BREF Taiwan Version was 0.25, demonstrating low agreement. The patient self-rated quality of life declined significantly after PD was diagnosed (t=−12.14, p=0.00). Significantly positive correlations were observed between patient’s self-rated basic activities of daily living (BADL) abilities and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) abilities (r=0.79, p=0.00), BADL abilities and quality of life (r=0.55, p=0.00), and between IADL abilities and quality of life (r=0.48, p=0.00). Additionally, significantly negative correlations were noted between mental health and BADL abilities (r=−0.44, p=0.00), mental health and IADL abilities (r=−0.32, p=0.00), and between mental health and quality of life (r=−0.50, p=0.00). Patients in different stage of Parkinson’s disease have significant differences in BADL abilities (F(2,75)=8.68, p=0.00) and IADL abilities (F(2,75)= 8.57, p=0.00). Most caregivers in this investigation were female (n=53, 69.7%), spouses, and living with the patients. Significantly negative correlations were observed between the daily hours of care provided and patients’ BADL abilities, IADL abilities and quality of life measured by caregivers (r=−0.51, −0.49, −0.43, p=0.00, 0.00, 0.00, respectively). Caregivers who provided cared for patients for more hours per day rated their patients are more physically dependent and less satisfied with life. Additionally, significantly negative correlations were seen between the duration of care giving and BADL abilities and IADL abilities measured by caregivers (r=−0.24, −0.26, p=0.03, 0.03, respectively). Caregivers with longer durations of caregiving rated their patients as more physically dependent. Caregivers in the categories “patient’s spouse”, “having no income” and “unemployed” tended to underestimate patient’s BADL abilities and IADL abilities. Caregivers classed as “not married”, “not patient’s spouse”, “having no income” and “not living with the patient” tended to underestimate patient’s mental health. Caregivers who were “not married”, “not patient’s spouse”, “having no income” “not living with the patient” and “unemployed” tend to overestimate patient’s quality of life. Two variables, patient’s BADL abilities (β=0.32, p=0.01) and the stage (β= −0.31, p=0.01) were significant predictors for patient’s quality of life. The BADL abilities accounted for 19% of the variance, and the stage accounted for 7%. These two variables explained 26% of the total variance on patient’s quality of life. Analytical results demonstrate that BADL abilities and IADL abilities have better agreement than mental health and quality of life . Patients with better self-care abilities have better the mental health and quality of life. Furthermore, assistance and support from caregivers are important. Promoting the caregiver’s understanding of the patient’s needs, providing necessary assistance and encouraging patients to express their emotions, may improve the measures of agreement between the patients and the caregivers, and further enhance effective communication between physicians and caregivers, and thus improve the mental health and general quality of life of patients. Results of this investigation might be applied in clinical practice, by providing comprehensive information and assistance to equip caregivers with knowledge and skills, thus allowing the provision of appropriate care to patients.口試委員會審定書… i謝… ii文摘要… iii文摘要… v容目錄… viii目錄… x目錄… xi一章 緒論… 1一節 研究動機及重要性… 1二節 研究目的… 3三節 名詞定義… 4四節 研究架構… 6二章 文獻查證… 7一節 巴金森氏症簡介… 7二節 巴金森氏症對病患自我照顧能力、心理健康的影響… 10三節 自我照顧能力、心理健康與生活品質之關連及其相關因素… 15四節 病患與主要照護者對病患自我照顧能力、心理健康與生活品質評估之ㄧ致性及其相關因素… 21三章 研究方法… 26一節 研究設計… 26二節 研究對象… 26三節 研究工具… 27四節 資料收集過程… 33五節 資料分析… 33六節 研究倫理考量… 35四章 研究結果… 36一節 研究對象之基本屬性及主要測量變項得分分佈情形… 36二節 巴金森氏症病患及主要照護者對於病患自我照顧能力、心理健康及生活品質評估之ㄧ致性… 51三節 巴金森氏症病患自我照顧能力、心理健康及生活品質之相關性… 55四節 巴金森氏症病患社會人口學特性與疾病特性與其自評自我照顧能力、心理健康與生活品質之關連… 57五節 主要照護者之社會人口學特性與評估巴金森氏症病患之自我照顧能力、心理健康及生活品質之關連… 63六節 巴金森氏症病患社會人口學特性、疾病特性、自我照顧能力及心理健康對其生活品質之預測… 76五章 討論… 78一節 巴金森氏症病患及主要照護者對於病患自我照顧能力、心理健康及生活品質評估之一致性探討… 78二節 主要照護者社會人口學特性對評估病患之自我照顧能力、心理健康及生活品質一致性之探討… 82三節 巴金森氏症病患之自我照顧能力、心理健康及生活品質與其他神經疾患之比較… 85四節 巴金森氏症病患生活品質之預測因子… 89六章 結論與建議… 90一節 結論… 90二節 建議… 91三節 研究限制… 92amp;#63851;考文獻… 94文部分… 94文部分… 96件… …100件（一） 巴氏量表…100件（二） 工具性日常生活活動量表…102件（三） 中國人健康量表… 104件（四） 臺灣簡明版世界衛生組織生活品質問卷… 106件（五） 簡易心智功能量表… 112件（六） 個人基本資料… 113件（七） 主要照護者基本資料… 114件（八） 倫理委員會審查通過函… 116件（九） 中國人健康量表同意使用函… 118件（十） 臺灣簡明版世界衛生組織生活品質問卷同意使用函… 11
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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