101,208 research outputs found
Striping Removal in MOS-B Data
No full textMOS-B data corrected by standard calibration procedures are affected by "striping" in most channels. Striping arises because of the imperfect calibration of the detector characteristics. In this paper, we present a method for removing striping, in which the euqualization curves are estimated by explointing a data base of carefully selected homogeneous targets. We present the results obtained on sea target images. Such a case study is of great interest because it is related to ocean color applications, for which the MOS-B sensor was especially designed. We also estimate the reduction of striping noise in the equalized image by means of two appropriate indexes of quality
« Est-il (bien) vrai que les Allemands sont restés en retard sur nous ? » Oskar Walzel et Viktor Jirmounski (un épisode des relations scientifiques russo-allemandes)
No full textEn 1919, Boris Eichenbaum écrit une entrée significative dans son journal : « Je continue la lecture de Wölfflin. Des analogies avec la critique littéraire apparaissent ». Six ans plus tard, son appréciation de la critique allemande change radicalement : «… il semble que les Allemands sont restés en retard sur nous. Ils s’enlisent dans je ne sais quels vieux problèmes inutiles… critique esthétique (Walzel, Strich, Gundolf) ».Victor Jirmounski, devenu défenseur et propagandiste de l’œuvre de Walzel en Russie, a essayé de changer l’optique de son évaluation : « Walzel adopte une autre approche que les formalistes russes : il ne s’appuie pas sur la linguistique,…. D’où le principe méthodologique différent qu’il mets en avant – étude comparative des arts ».Force est de constater : si Wölfflin pousse, en 1819, notamment Eichenbaum à rechercher de nouvelles approches formelles en critique littéraire, son disciple Oskar Walzel devient une sorte de « couverture » que Jirmounski utilise dans sa polémique avec des formalistes plus orthodoxes (Tynyanov, Eichenbaum, Chklovski).Aussi, l’enjeu de cet article sera-t-il de soumettre à l’analyse cette controverse, de même que l’impact que la critique esthétique d’Oskar Walzel eut sur certains représentants de l’école formelle russe.Im Jahr 1919 macht Boris Eichenbaum einen wichtigen Tagebucheintrag : „Ich mache mit Wolfflin’ Lektüre weiter. Analogien lassen sich immer auf die Literaturgeschichte beziehen‟. Sechs Jahre später ändert sich seine Einstellung zur deutschen Kritik grundlegend : „Es ist doch merkwürdig, wie weit die Deutschen hinter uns stehen (…) Wie ist alles anders bei ihnen !‟ Ästhetische Richtung (Walzel, Strich, Gundolf).Viktor Schirmunsky, Vermittler von Walzels Werk in Russland, versucht dessen Ansatz zu rechtfertigen : „Walzel sucht andere Wege als die russischen Formalisten, Er verlässt sich nicht auf die Linguistik… Daher sein methodisches Prinzip – wechselseitige Erhellung der Künste‟.Es entsteht eine merkwürdige Situation : indem Wölfflin 1819 Eichenbaum einen neuen (formalen) Weg der Literaturkritik nahelegt, wird Wölfflins Schüler Oskar Walzel zu einer « Deckung », die Schirmunski in seiner Polemik mit orthodoxen Formalisten (Tynjanov, Eichenbaum, Schklovsky) 1925 sich zu verwenden erlaubt.Der Artikel ist der Analyse dieser Kontroverse gewidmet, sowie der Auswirkung, die die ästhetische Richtung von Oskar Walzel auf etliche Vertreter der russischen formellen Schule gehabt hatte.In 1919, Boris Eichenbaum makes a significant diary entry : “I continue to read Wolfflin. All the time, analogies beg to build a history of literature”. Six years later, his attitude to German literary criticism is fundamentally changing : “It is a strange impression that the Germans seemed to be behind us. (…) How is everything different with them ! Aesthetic direction (Walzel, Strich, Gundolf).”Victor Zhirmunsky became the defender and propagandist of Walzel’s works in Russia, arguing : “Walzel goes in other ways than, for example, the Russian formalists : he does not rely on linguistics…. Hence the methodological principle put forward by Walzel is a comparative study of the arts”.It is noteworthy that, if Wölfflin, in 1819, pushes, in particular, Eichenbaum, to search for new (formal) ways of literary criticism, his scholar Oskar Walzel becomes a kind of “cover” that, in his polemic with more orthodox formalists (Tynyanov, Eichenbaum, Shklovsky) Zhirmunsky uses.The paper is devoted to the analysis of this controversy, as well as to the impact that the aesthetic direction of Oscar Walzel has had on some Russian formalists
MOS-B Sensor Calibration: A Signal Processing Approach
No full textMOS-B data corrected by standard calibration procedures are affected by striping in most channels. Striping arises because of the not perfect equalisation of the CCD array. The authors present a post-launch calibration method based on images of homogeneous targets. They focus on the results obtained on sea target images; such a case study is of great interest because it is related to ocean colour applications for which the MOS-B sensor was especially designe
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
Handwritten biographical information on Paulina T. McClung Merritt
No full textA handwritten biography of Paulina T. McClung Merritt by an unknown author, 1892.
Heterogeneous and tissue-specific regulation of effector T cell responses by IFN-gamma during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection.
No full textIFN-γ and T cells are both required for the development of experimental cerebral malaria during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Surprisingly, however, the role of IFN-γ in shaping the effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell response during this infection has not been examined in detail. To address this, we have compared the effector T cell responses in wild-type and IFN-γ(-/-) mice during P. berghei ANKA infection. The expansion of splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells during P. berghei ANKA infection was unaffected by the absence of IFN-γ, but the contraction phase of the T cell response was significantly attenuated. Splenic T cell activation and effector function were essentially normal in IFN-γ(-/-) mice; however, the migration to, and accumulation of, effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the lung, liver, and brain was altered in IFN-γ(-/-) mice. Interestingly, activation and accumulation of T cells in various nonlymphoid organs was differently affected by lack of IFN-γ, suggesting that IFN-γ influences T cell effector function to varying levels in different anatomical locations. Importantly, control of splenic T cell numbers during P. berghei ANKA infection depended on active IFN-γ-dependent environmental signals--leading to T cell apoptosis--rather than upon intrinsic alterations in T cell programming. To our knowledge, this is the first study to fully investigate the role of IFN-γ in modulating T cell function during P. berghei ANKA infection and reveals that IFN-γ is required for efficient contraction of the pool of activated T cells
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Novel Mitochondrial Creatine Transport Activity. Implications for intracellular creatine compartments and bioenergetics
No full textImmunoblotting of isolated mitochondria from rat heart, liver, kidney, and brain with antibodies made against N- and C-terminal peptide sequences of the creatine transporter, together with in situ immunofluorescence staining and immunogold electron microscopy of adult rat myocardium, revealed two highly related polypeptides with molecular masses of about 70 and 55 kDa in mitochondria. These polypeptides were localized by immunoblotting of inner and outer mitochondrial membrane fractions, as well as by immunogold labeling in the mitochondrial inner membrane. In addition, a novel creatine uptake via a mitochondrial creatine transport
activity was demonstrated by [14C]creatine uptake studies
with isolated mitochondria from rat liver, heart, and kidney showing a saturable low affinity creatine transporter, which was largely inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by the sulfhydryl-modifying reagent NEM, as well as by the addition of the above anti-creatine transporter antibodies to partially permeabilized mitochondria. Mitochondrial creatine transport was to a significant part dependent on the energetic state of
mitochondria and was inhibited by arginine, and to some extent also by lysine, but not by other creatine analogues and related compounds. The existence of an active creatine uptake mechanism in mitochondria indicates that not only creatine kinase isoenzymes, but also creatine transporters and thus a certain proportion of the creatine kinase substrates, might be subcellularly compartmentalized. Our data suggest that mitochondria, shown here to possess creatine transport activity,
may harbor such a creatine/phosphocreatine pool
Pelevin’s Trinity in the novel “t”: author – protagonist – reader
No full textThe article attempts to interpret Pelevin's artistic strategy in the novel "T" by exploring its subject organization and addressing the key problems of the author, the protagonist, and the reader as they are seen by the researcher. The article analyzes the peculiarities of constructing the narrative reality in the novel "T", and goes on to discuss Pelevin's philosophic models of the development of the humankind, and the emergence of his new anthropology
Measuring industry-science links through inventor-author relations: A profiling method
No full textIn this pilot study we examine the performance of text-based profiling in recovering a set of validated inventor-author links. In a first step we match patents and publications solely based on their similarity in content. Next, we compare inventor and author names on the highest ranked matches for the occurrence of name matches. Finally, we compare these candidate matches with the names listed in a validated set of inventor-author names. Our text-based profile methodology performs significantly better than a random matching of patents and publications, suggesting that text-based profiling is a valuable complementary tool to the name searches used in previous studies.innovation; industry-science links; text-based profiling;
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