1,720,953 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Assignment of the Biological Identity of Breast Masses in Contrast-enhanced Spectral Computed Tomography Examinations of Chest Carried Out in Clinical Routine Diagnostics
No full textBackground: Focal breast lesions are observed in up to 5.8% of CT examinations performed in female patients for a wide variety of indications not affecting the breast. To simplify and standardize the further procedure in the case of breast masses visualized by computed tomography (CT), an easy and robust diagnostic approach in assigning surely benign findings, uncertain findings and probably malignant findings is warranted. Objective: We aimed (1) to determine the diagnostic gain of quantitative measurements of the iodine content in breast masses visualized in contrast-enhanced dual energy (DE) CT examinations additional to the assessment of qualitative image features; and (2) to generate an interactive hierarchical decision tree allowing to assess the individual probability of benign or malignant findings. Materials and Methods: All contrast-enhanced DECT examinations performed in adult females from January 2018 to December 2020 were retrospectively screened for solid breast masses. Subsequently, the DECT images with confirmed breast masses were evaluated independently by 3 radiologists experienced in breast imaging using a structured questionnaire. First, the image characteristics of the ACR-BIRADS atlas on MRI were queried, and an assessment of the probability of benignancy or malignancy was requested. Second, the iodine content in the breast masses was interactively measured, and the readers were asked to provide a further assessment of the biological identity. Third, a decision tree was developed using a nonparametric supervised (machine) learning algorithm. Results: During the survey period, 5.591 contrast-enhanced DECT examinations of the chest were carried out in adult female patients. Six hundred eighty-seven DECTs (12.3%) displayed breast masses. The study group comprised 415 female patients (7.4%) with a benign or malignant breast mass confirmed by histology (155, 37.4%), a constant CT-course of ≥2 years without interfering therapy (202, 48.8%) and/or noninvasive breast imaging (57, 13.8%). Neither in the first step nor in the second step of the evaluations a cancer confirmed in the reference standard was classified as certainly benign. Subgroup analyses showed that the combined qualitative and quantitative approach was diagnostically superior compared with the sole descriptor-based assessments in 757 assessments of DECT evaluations with ACR 1+2 breast densities (AUC = 0.961 vs 0.924, lower bound 0.940 vs 0.893, upper bounds 0.982 vs 0.956, P = 0.001) and for the 541 assessments of DECT examinations visualizing masses in denser ACR 3+4 parenchyma (AUC = 0.972 vs 0.948, lower bound 0.953 vs 0.923, upper bound 0.991 vs 0.974, P = 0.043). Including iodine content into the descriptive image evaluations proved to be superior to the solely descriptor-based assessments in 456 assessments of lesions with >5 to 10 mm diameter and in 370 assessments of lesions with >10 to 20 mm ( P = 0.002, 0.002 and 0.018, respectively). Mass contour proved to be the first hierarchical decision level of the interactive classification tree for the differentiation of benign and malignant lesions developed in step 3. In the second hierarchical level, automatically generated classifications of the iodine content allowed to generate 3 diagnostic predictors analogous to the BIRADS classification with a depth of 2 ramifications. Conclusions: Information on the iodine content of breast masses detected by DECT increases diagnostic certainty in the assessment of the biological significance of the lesions. The presented nonparametric decision tree may be helpful in interactively combining semantic and quantitative image data in clinical routine diagnostics of breast masses in spectral CT examinations
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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