1,721,137 research outputs found
Economic development, place-based development strategies and the conceptualization of proximity in European urban regions
No full textThe discussion on proximity has evolved in various theoretical, conceptual and empirical directions since the seminal contributions by Torre and Rallet (2005) and Boschma (2005). One of the main arguments for conceptualizing proximities other than physical proximities is embedded in the ever-growing importance of knowledge over other production factors of organizations and entrepreneurs. Knowledge is acquired through the interactive process of learning, based on the cognitive competencies and experiences of actors. A distinction can be made between 'tacit' and 'codified' knowledge. Tacit knowledge can be defined as the person-specific knowledge that people have developed through a process of learning-by-doing or learning-by-using, meaning that a person is able to use it but is not, or is not yet, able to codify it in a transferable form, such as a book, patent or a mathematical formula. These kinds of knowledge are not fixed. Tacit knowledge and codified knowledge have to be perceived as dynamic attributes that can be transformed into one other. After a period of application, tacit knowledge can be codified and, vice versa; sometimes, codified knowledge can be developed further and can become tied to individuals. The ways in which learning and the transfer of knowledge across organizations in spatial settings can be investigated and measured, has triggered much debate and research (Van Oort and Lambooy, 2013). As tacit knowledge is most productively transferred face-to-face, physical proximity of organizations, entrepreneurs, subcontractors and customers is often required
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Proximity and endogenous regional development
No full textAs outlined by Krugman (1991), a fundamental fact is the clustering of economic activities in space, providing evidence for the pervasive influence of some form of increasing returns. It thus stands to reason that the links between a firm and its suppliers are easier to establish if 'suppliers are located in the proximity' (Johansson, 2005, p. 138). It is common for many firms in a sector to geographically concentrate - or spatially cluster - together forming a cluster, within which several forms of direct and/or indirect interaction may take place generating 'positive externalities for firms belonging to a cluster' (Johansson et al., 2006a). Those networks formed between firms have spatial configurations with different distance sensitivities. As stated by (Karlsson et al., 2005, p. 8): 'in a world with increasing returns the character of the geographic transaction costs for various types of economic interaction has strong effects on the spatial extension of various types of inter-firm networks.' It is thus axiomatic that the development and the success of firms will be influenced by the conditions prevailing in their environment - what Maskell et al. (1998, p. 1) referred to as 'conditions in the immediate proximity'- or in the 'local or regional milieu'. Innovative and entrepreneurial activities tend to agglomerate at certain places leading to national, regional or local specializations, and there is a considerable literature on the role played by spatial proximity in promoting firm competitiveness
Les enjeux du développement régional et territorial en zones rurales
No full textCet ouvrage est consacré aux enjeux du développement en zones rurales. Il part du constat que la question territoriale est aujourd'hui au cœur d'initiatives des collectivités. Le livre comporte trois parties : les actions et stratégies des entreprises et coopératives dans les territoires et la place qu'elles occupent dans les processus de développement, le rôle des réseaux et apprentissages dans les modalités de gouvernance territoriale, l'analyse des mécanismes complexes de gouvernance du foncier agricole
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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