720 research outputs found
sj-docx-1-psp-10.1177_01461672221078664 – Supplemental material for Personality Traits Predict Social Network Size in Older Adults
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-psp-10.1177_01461672221078664 for Personality Traits Predict Social Network Size in Older Adults by Jasmine Rollings, Jérôme Micheletta, Darren Van Laar and Bridget M. Waller in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin</p
Multicomponent and multimodal lipsmacking in crested macaques (Macaca nigra)
No full textPrimates' communicative signals are often dynamic and composed of multiple components, sometimes belonging to different sensory modalities. Such multicomponent signals are of crucial importance in the study of communication: the addition of extra features to a signal has the potential to modulate or change the meaning and message of the specific signal. Traditionally, however, components of compound signals are studied in isolation from each other, or communicative displays are studied as static and invariant wholes. Both approaches may not allow us to assess the full function of the signals. In crested macaques (Macaca nigra), the lipsmack (a display mainly used in affiliative interactions) can be produced alone or combined with other visual and acoustic communicative features. We investigated whether the composition of the lipsmack influenced the outcome of social interaction while controlling for relationship quality. Our results show that lipsmacks composed of both visual and vocal components (i.e. multimodal signals) increased the probability of affiliative contact, and therefore have enhanced signal value. The total number of visual components involved in the display had no effect but some visual components seemed more influential than others. By analyzing lipsmacking behavior as a composite, dynamic display, we were able to reveal a level of complexity that is not apparent when looking at each component separately. The results highlight the importance of a more integrative, multimodal approach to the study of primate communication. Am. J. Primatol. 75:763773, 2013. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Familiar and unfamiliar face recognition in crested macaques (Macaca nigra)
No full textMany species use facial features to identify conspecifics, which is necessary to navigate a complex social environment. The fundamental mechanisms underlying face processing are starting to be well understood in a variety of primate species. However, most studies focus on a limited subset of species tested with unfamiliar faces. As well as limiting our understanding of how widely distributed across species these skills are, this also limits our understanding of how primates process faces of individuals they know, and whether social factors (e.g. dominance and social bonds) influence how readily they recognize others. In this study, socially housed crested macaques voluntarily participated in a series of computerized matching-to-sample tasks investigating their ability to discriminate (i) unfamiliar individuals and (ii) members of their own social group. The macaques performed above chance on all tasks. Familiar faces were not easier to discriminate than unfamiliar faces.-However, the subjects were better at discriminating higher ranking familiar individuals, but not unfamiliar ones. This suggests that our subjects applied their knowledge of their dominance hierarchies to the pictorial representation of their group mates. Faces of high-ranking individuals garner more social attention, and therefore might be more deeply encoded than other individuals. Our results extend the study of face recognition to a novel species, and consequently provide valuable data for future comparative studies.University of Portsmouth, Department of Psycholog
Social bonds affect anti-predator behaviour in a tolerant species of macaque, Macaca nigra
No full textEnduring positive social bonds between individuals are crucial for humans' health and well being. Similar bonds can be found in a wide range of taxa, revealing the evolutionary origins of humans' social bonds. Evidence suggests that these strong social bonds can function to buffer the negative effects of living in groups, but it is not known whether they also function to minimize predation risk. Here, we show that crested macaques (Macaca nigra) react more strongly to playbacks of recruitment alarm calls (i.e. calls signalling the presence of a predator and eliciting cooperative mobbing behaviour) if they were produced by an individual with whom they share a strong social bond. Dominance relationships between caller and listener had no effect on the reaction of the listener. Thus, strong social bonds may improve the coordination and efficiency of cooperative defence against predators, and therefore increase chances of survival. This result broadens our understanding of the evolution and function of social bonds by highlighting their importance in the anti-predator context
Living Books
No full textOne of the most delightful experiences I have had in a long time. There are two modes for experiencing this program. One runs through the twelve pages one by one, with plenty of animation and music for each event in the story. The other is especially entertaining. The viewer can play with each page, clicking on various objects in the individual picture. Rows of carrots turn into dancers, and tomatoes on the vine turn into a vocal group. Other carrots take off like space missiles. Click on the water and you are liable to see a fish jump up and fly around a bit before bringing the program and picture back to the starting point. Gives new meaning for me to the word interactive. I love it! The boxed CD-ROM comes with a booklet by the same title.This is a hardbound book (hard cover)Language note: English and SpanishProduct Managers: Todd Power and Liza Weiman. English and Spanish. Product Design: Mark Schlichting. Art Direction: Bridget Erdman
Effects of thermal processing on antioxidant, phenolic and anthocyanin levels in blackcurrant juice
No full textHealth and Wellness continues to be a major driver for consumers within the current marketplace. Given this climate, superfruits such as blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum) are gaining interest among beverage manufacturers due to their high content of antioxidants and anthocyanins. Blackcurrant juice, while very popular in Europe, is just beginning to gain acceptance in the domestic marketplace.
Various thermal processes are required throughout the production of a shelf stable juice product at both the raw material and finished beverage stages. The goal of this research is to evaluate the effect of these thermal processes on the retention of heat sensitive compounds such as phenolics, anthocyanins and overall antioxidants in the final consumer beverage. To this end, bulk samples of 13 brix flash pasteurized and 65 brix concentrated blackcurrant juice were obtained and further processed at beverage scale. The beverage scale processing entailed the three key thermal processes utilized by retail manufacturers: aseptic, hotfill and tunnel pasteurization. The raw material juices and fully processed samples were then analyzed for anthocyanin content, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity to understand retention of these nutrients in the post process beverage.
The findings of this study show marked losses at the raw material level of all measured components with a reduction in Phenolic Content of approximately 35%, a reduction of Antioxidant Capacity by 48% and, most significantly, a reduction of Anthocyanin Content of approximately 80% in the concentrated juice as compared to the flash pasteurized Not From Concentrate (NFC) juice. The anthocyanin content was seen to undergo additional degradation (40-50%) by further processing the juice at beverage level, while little or no further change in either antioxidant capacity or phenolic content was seen. There was little to no difference in the impact of aseptic, hotfill or tunnel pasteurization as compared to each other.
Understanding the relationship between process and retention will allow industry to leverage the proper processes required to deliver the desired health benefits to consumers.M.S.Includes bibliographical references (p. 53-56)by Bridget A. Skahil
Pilgrims and Saints: Here Comes Everybody!
No full textBridget Burke Ravizza is a Professor of Theology and Religious Studies at St. Norbert College. Bridget earned her doctorate in Theological Ethics at Boston College. Her work focuses on sexual ethics and the ethics of marriage and family. She is co-author (with Julie Donovan Massey, M.Div.) of Project Holiness: Marriage as a Workshop for Everyday Saints. The book draws on the experience of married couples in Catholic parishes to identify the virtues and values that lead to flourishing marriages and to the holiness of married partners.
About the Lecture
Oh, how I want to be in that number, when the saints go marching in. Christians are a people on the move, and we do not travel alone. Rather, we journey together toward God as part of “the communion of saints.” Join us as we consider the theological and ethical implications of belonging to the communion of saints
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