1,720,978 research outputs found
The design and operation of motorway diverge areas
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Improving bus service quality and information in Winchester
No full textThis paper reports the results of a package of measures, contained within a quality bus partnership (QBP), designed to improve bus service quality and information on three city centre routes in Winchester, including the Park and Ride (P&R) service. These measures were implemented by Hampshire County Council, Stagecoach Bus Company and Winchester City Council as part of the EU sponsored MIRACLES project, which ran from 2002 to 2006 and whose aims included reducing the environmental impacts of transport at the local level while increasing urban accessibility.These measures included the introduction of new buses, increasing the frequency of one of the main city centre bus routes, new bus infrastructure such as new shelters and poles, physical improvements to the bus/rail interchange and the printing of pocket travel maps. In addition, one of the P&R car parks was extended so that the capacity of the scheme was doubled. The objectives of this work package were to contribute to an 8% increase in bus patronage and the satisfaction rating of bus passengers on the QBP routes as well as integrating public transport services more effectively within Winchester.A review was carried out of bus travel and users’ needs, quality bus partnerships, bus-based P&R schemes and the importance of frequency of service to increasing patronage.In order to evaluate the effects of these measures, data were collected from the bus operator Stagecoach regarding patronage, reliability and the average age of the fleet. In addition, two bus questionnaire surveys were carried out to assess passenger's views to changes made to these three city centre bus services. An evaluation of the QBP routes was made to see how quickly investments made in purchasing the new buses and extending the P&R car park would be recovered. Conclusions and recommendations have been made with regard to the effectiveness of the changes made to the three bus city centre services as well as their cost effectiveness.<br/
The ex-ante and ex-post economic and social impacts of the introduction of high-speed trains in South East England
No full textThis paper reports on research to determine the impact of the high-speed train (HST) network made possible by the Channel Tunnel on socio-economic development in South East England. A detailed literature review has been carried out assessing the impacts of HST, which includes reviewing computable general equilibrium models, accessibility and ex-post monitoring studies. Data on economic activity rates, population changes, planning consents and land values are collated and related to changes in accessibility. Detailed case studies are provided for one location with long established HST services for which ex-post analysis is possible (Ashford), and for locations where HST services are being planned, or have recently been opened, and ex-ante analysis can be undertaken (e.g. Stratford and St Pancras, respectively). The case studies show that the wider economic benefits of HST are difficult to detect, as they are swamped by external factors, but they are more likely when large changes in accessibility are complemented by supportive planning policies
New intelligent transport system applications in Europe to improve bus services
No full textApplications of information technology are expanding rapidly across all modes of transport, under the general heading of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). For bus-based public transport, a cluster of applications has been developed that can help improve the efficiency and performance of buses on street, thus helping to provide a real transport alternative to the car. An initial summary of a range of such ITS examples in Europe is provided, including Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL), bus priority in Urban Traffic Control (UTC) systems, automatic ticketing systems, automatic camera enforcement systems and variable message signs. A detailed analysis of integrated AVL/UTC architectures in Europe is then presented, highlighting diversity in accordance with National preferences and legacy systems, and the reported cost effectiveness of such systems. The concluding discussion makes the case for open-systems and standardisation where appropriate, providing choice, flexibility and inter-operability
Cleaner vehicle buses in Winchester
No full textThis paper reports the results of a package of measures, contained within a Quality Bus Partnership, designed to reduce the environmental impact of the local bus fleet in Winchester. These measures were implemented by Hampshire County Council, Stagecoach Bus Company and Winchester City Council as part of the EU-sponsored CIVITAS MIRACLES project which ran from 2002 to 2006 and whose aims included reducing the environmental impact of transport at the local level while increasing urban accessibility. It follows on from a previous paper published in Transport Policy in 2007 looking at the success of measures implemented in Winchester to improve bus service quality and information.These implemented measures included the introduction of 13 new Euro III buses, re-powering 10 older buses from Euro I to Euro III standard, adding particulate traps to four Euro II buses and the demonstration of two different diesel/electric hybrid buses during two week-long trials in 2003 and 2004 along the Park and Ride route.In order to evaluate the effects of these measures, data was collected from the bus operator Stagecoach regarding their fleet of 59 vehicles in Winchester. This included their emission standard, reliability, average age and smoke test results. Emission modelling was carried out using a vehicle activity model on a key city centre street to assess emissions savings as a result of the implemented measures. In addition, two bus questionnaire surveys were carried out to assess passenger’s views of the two diesel/electric hybrid buses used during the trials. Conclusions and recommendations have been made with regard to the environmental impact of the cleaner Winchester bus fleet and the contribution it has made to reducing emissions from motor vehicles in the Winchester central area<br/
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Locating urban freight micro-consolidation centres: a practical methodology
No full textMicro-consolidation centres (MCCs) can offer sustainable freight logistics solutions in urban areas. This paper presents a novel methodology for Local Government Authorities (LGAs) to promote the future development and use of MCCs by freight logistics companies through identifying suitable sites for such facilities in urban areas within their districts. The methodology is practical for LGAs to use within the constraints of limited financial and human resources, and is based on a distillation of previous research, showing how a simple, structured methodology can work with imperfect real-world data. The methodology was trialled in practice in Portsmouth, UK, where two preferred MCC sites were successfully identified for progressing to real-world trials. The methodology was designed to be transferrable, and the case study application to Portsmouth identified insights into the challenges affecting its utility in other urban areas, such as maintaining equity between stakeholders and engaging personnel whose time resources are scarce
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