1,721,042 research outputs found
Post-landscape or the potential of other relations with the land
No full textHave we reached a post-landscape condition? Have prevailing visual relations between people and land, exemplified by English traditions of pictorial settings, individual perspectives and enclosed properties, reached a conclusion? Has a particular frame of landscape, which Denis Cosgrove describes as a `way of seeing´ (1985:45), come to a close? Conceptions of landscape, which emerged in fifteenth and sixteenth century England and that have continued to be reinforced through contemporary architectural representations and designed transformations, package landscapes as scenic backgrounds and frame tracts of land as spatial products. While referring to these dominant relationships with the land, Barbara Bender reminds us that there are many other ways of conceiving of landscapes: `when the word `landscape´ was coined and used to its most powerful effect, there were, at the same time and the same place, other ways of understanding and relating to the land - other landscapes´ (1993:2). What she describes as contrasting, and often contradictory, constructs of landscape, defined through individual and societal relations with our environments, have grown and receded in relevance. Landscapes are defined through specific economic, social and spatial contexts. So while dominant pictorial ideas of landscape may endure for some people in countries influenced by Anglo-Saxon traditions, other landscapes are configured through material, ecological, cultural and symbolic relationships with land. In this chapter I accept Bender´s assertion of a plurality of landscapes. I also question a continuation of English landscape traditions that embrace: predominantly visual approaches; scenes considered from static positions; and singular perspectives framed as representations and urban spaces, enclosed and transformed through design
Post-landscape or the potential of other relations with the land
No full textHave we reached a post-landscape condition? Have prevailing visual relations between people and land, exemplified by English traditions of pictorial settings, individual perspectives and enclosed properties, reached a conclusion? Has a particular frame of landscape, which Denis Cosgrove describes as a ‘way of seeing’ (1985, 45), come to a close? Conceptions of landscape, that emerged in fifteenth- and sixteenth-century England and that have continued to be reinforced through contemporary architectural representations and designed transformations, package landscapes as scenic backgrounds and frame tracts of land as spatial products. While referring to these dominant relationships with the land, Barbara Bender reminds us that there are many other ways of conceiving of landscapes: ‘when the word “landscape” was coined and used to its most powerful effect, there were, at the same time and the same place, other ways of understanding and relating to the land – other landscapes’ (1993, 2). What she describes as contrasting, and often contradictory, constructs of landscape, defined through individual and societal relations with our environments, have grown and receded in relevance. Landscapes are defined through specific economic, social and spatial contexts. So while dominant pictorial ideas of landscape may endure for some people in countries influenced by Anglo-Saxon traditions, other landscapes are configured through contrasting material, ecological, cultural and symbolic relationships with land. In this chapter I explore two inseparable contemporary London landscapes, Paternoster Square and the Occupy London Stock Exchange (LSX). I question a continuation of these English landscape traditions that embrace: predominantly visual approaches; scenes considered from static positions; and singular perspectives framed as representations and urban spaces, enclosed and transformed through design. Raymond Williams proposes:
It is possible and useful to trace the internal histories of landscape painting, landscape writing, landscape gardening and landscape architecture, but in any final analysis we must relate these histories to the common history of a land and its society. And if we are to understand changes in English attitudes to landscape, in the eighteenth and nineteenth century, this is especially necessary. (Williams, 1973, 120
Working with uncertainties: living with masterplanning at Elephant and Castle
Get PDFUncertainty is a condition inherent to all landscapes. Despite the availability of large sets of data, the capacity of digital processing, and expanded representational techniques, relations between people and land can remain ambiguous. Practices of mapping and masterplanning mediate specific landscape relations through traditions of surveying land, claiming ownership, and controlling change—practices that include claims to comprehensive knowledge in tension with partialities, omissions, and uncertainties. They are both ways of reconstructing relationships that people have with places, devices that can transform how people see and live their worlds. In this chapter I focus on uncertainties in mapping and masterplanning, exploring the opportunities and difficulties caused by partial decisions and selective omissions in the construction of maps and masterplans. Despite claims to complete knowledge (mapping) or comprehensive redevelopment (masterplanning) both practices frame specific arguments and selectively exclude information, impacting the lives of individuals, communities, and organisations. The focus of this research is the Elephant and Castle area of South London. I reveal how politicians, planners, and developers benefited from uncertainty caused during prolonged masterplanning processes while the daily lives of residents and workers were severely undermined. I also identify how long-established forms of belonging were broken by large-scale and drawn out planning processes. In contrast, I find that practices of collective mapping offer potential to generate shared knowledge of neighbourhoods and strengthen senses of belonging. However, while such inclusive practices can highlight the injustices of urban development the imbalances of power that are bound up with such large scales of masterplanned urban change result in overwhelming and unrelenting disruption to homes and lives. Many residents and traders were denied the right to belong to Elephant and Castle while simultaneously their ownerships, leaseholds, tenancies, and licenses to live and work were taken away
Chapter 12. From cleaning to cleansing: maintenance as an urban development practice at Paddington Waterside, London
Get PDFThis chapter explores unsettling and settling practices inherent in the development, management, maintenance and use of urban public spaces in Paddington Waterside, London. The chapter reflects on the work and critical discourses around the acclaimed Manifesto for Maintenance Art, 1969!, by New York artist Mierle Laderman Ukeles, a text that presents tensions within artistic productions between development and maintenance. It questions how maintenance is employed as urban development projects unfold. Through interviews, document surveys and visual analysis the chapter examines relations between processes and products of development and practices of maintenance. At Paddington Waterside, such practices are an inseparable part of urban experience, revealing the extent to which maintenance is intertwined with contemporary urban design and associated with the goal of delivering and preserving exclusive privatized public spaces within masterplanned urban developments
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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