1,721,191 research outputs found
Auditing of fluvial geomorphological processes for flood defence in the U.K. Environment Agency
No full textThis study reviews existing methods of geomorphological and engineering science / practice, with reference to flood defence application in general, and particularly in the U.K. Environment Agency. A new method of geomorphological audit is then developed tor application to flood defence maintenance in two case studies covering: the Shelf Brook, (which drains a small upland catchment near Glossop, Derbyshire), and the upper Mersey river system, (which drains a large part of the southern Pennines and northern Peak District). The global objectives of this exercise were to develop a method of rapid geomorphological catchment appraisal that was versatile and utilitarian. Versatility was defined in terms of) applicability to different physical habitats, catchment sizes, flood defence management objectives and flood defence scheme 'life-stages' (from feasility to post-project appraisal). Utility was defined as the demonstration of the audit's advantages over existing methods, the investigation of any additional data requirements for flood defence application (outside that collected by the audit), and the assessment of the tangibile benefits of the method verses its costs. Additionally a two year dataset of field geomorphological data were compiled to verify the findings of the audit as part of the first case study. This first study satisfied the global objectives in part, however, in reviewing the application of the audit methods a number of interim areas for expansion were also identified. These comprised: the need to apply the audit methods to a full catchment system of watercourses, the need to include areas of modified channel within the audit to make it more widely applicable, and the importance of looking at inter-observer variability. The question as to whether or not it was possible to reduce the coverage of an audit from 100% of catchment reaches to a sample of the total 'population' of reaches was raised. Additionally, the need to collect more data on the types of erosion and deposition occurring, and the causes of that erosion and deposition, was also identified. The second case study went on to address these expansion areas, in addition to the original global objectives. Conclusions were then drawn on the overall success of the audit methods developed through these two studies.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The British economy [February 1987]
No full textOutput and employment have improved in recent months, due to the delayed effects of more favourable conditions in the world economy and the growth of domestic consumer spending. Despite the most recent monthly figures, the rate of unemployment appears to be on a downward trend which is consistent with developments in output and employment, although government labour market initiatives are likely to have played a significant role. The future course of the rate of inflation and the balance of payments gives some cause for concern, suggesting that a fiscal stimulus, particularly in the form of income tax cuts , would be a less than appropriate strategy in the coming Budget
The Scottish economy [November 1986]
No full textIn the first quarter of 1986 the index of industrial production and construction for Scotland recorded a fall of 4% compared with the last quarter of 1985. Despite this the year-on-year index grew by 2.5 although much of this recovery was associated with the ending of the miners' strike which had depressed both Scottish and UK output growth
Outlook and appraisal [November 1986]
No full textThe Scottish economy is a small open economy and because of this it is very much affected by changing economic circumstances in the UK and the world economy
The British economy [November 1986]
No full textRecent developments in the UK economy suggest that the slowdown of growth in 1985 may only have been a temporary phenomenon. External events are continuing to play a significant role. Yet it is the trends within the domestic economy that are a major source of unease. Underlying inflationary pressures continue to operate via the relatively fast growth in average earnings, low productivity growth, the growth of private sector liquidity and the recent significant decrease in the value of sterling. An increase in the growth of non-oil imports adds to fears for the current account of the balance of payments. Perceptions of uncertainty in Government policy particularly towards the exchange rate are a continuing cause for concern
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