1,720,956 research outputs found
Examining Varying Levels of Accessibility to Greenways Based on Socio-Demographic Characteristics A Case Study of San Antonio, Texas
Get PDFAn important issue associated with the provision of urban green space is the distribution of the space and the resulting accessibility for communities across a city. As a public amenity, it is important to ensure every population group has access to urban green space. With recent efforts toward building greenway systems in many cities, it is critical to examine whether these greenways contribute to equal access to green space, especially for disadvantaged neighborhoods. This study explored the accessibility of greenway systems in San Antonio, Texas by measuring the network distance from each neighborhood to greenway entrances and number of greenway entrances within specific distances from neighborhoods. The study used GIS analyses of census data with demographic and socioeconomic variables and streets data of San Antonio. Statistical analyses, e.g., bivariate correlation, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multiple regression, were also used to explore the relationship between the socioeconomic variables and the dependent variable representing the accessibility of greenway.
The results showed that lower socio-demographic groups enjoyed the same level or better access to greenways. The results also showed that urban areas have better access to greenways than suburban areas. Population density, black or African American, Hispanic or Latino, female, and unemployment rate had a statistically significant association with the accessibility of greenway as well. The spatial difference is related to the different distribution of socioeconomic characteristics. With the results, implications for design or management of greenway trail systems to provide residents more accessibility to these systems are discussed
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
An exploration of the relationship between use of parks and access, park appeal, and communication effectiveness
Get PDFUnderstanding what variables influence park use would assist park providers and
policy makers in acquiring, designing, managing, and funding initiatives which
encourage or support park use.
Previous studies indicate that access to parks (measured by both objective and
perceived distances), park appeal in terms of being well-maintained, and effective
communication between constituents and park suppliers, relate positively to park use.
This study explores the relationships between access, appeal, and communication
and park use. Access is operationalized as four objective distances from household to
nearest park using both Euclidian and Network measures, and by subjective self-reported
measures of ability to access parks on foot or by bicycle. Appeal is concerned with the
influence of parks��� perceived level of maintenance and availability of amenities on the
probability of park use. Effective communication is operationalized by three variables:
perceptions of being well-informed, being included in the planning process, and being
able to give feedback to park leaders. These variables and selected demographic data
were extracted from an existing data set: the City of College Station Needs Assessment. Findings indicated that a) respondents with access to parks are more likely to use parks,
b) level of maintenance and available amenities influenced use, and c) respondents who
are well-informed are more likely to use parks
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Examining mode of experience: implications for linear trail design and conflict management
Get PDFJacob and Schreyer (1980) define mode of experience (e.g. the degree to which participants experience an environment as focused or unfocused) as one of four major factors underlying outdoor recreation conflict. To discover the degree to which mountain bikers and hikers focus in the environment and to identify the key environmental elements and cognitive processes relevant to creating the mode of experience and underlying conflict, Visitor Employed Photography, VEP, and follow-up interviews were combined to explore mountain bikers' and hikers' perceptual experiences.
Twelve mountain bikers (7 males, 5 females) rode about four and one half miles of the Lake Bryan East Loop Trail and 12 hikers (6 males, 6 females) hiked about 1.5 miles. Each participant was given a digital camera and tape recorder and was instructed to stop and take a picture of whatever they were looking at right when they heard music play.
Findings indicate that mountain bikers tended to concentrate on Trail Corridor elements while forming or creating their Path/Line to travel while hikers tended to look around, scan, or take in full views of Wildlife, Vegetation, and Noises.
Combined analyses suggested that mountain bikers photographed On-Trail Tread-Specific and Path/Line perceptions while hikers photographed Off/Off Distant-Views of Vegetation and Noises. Consensus existed among both for photographing On Distant at Trail Corridor elements down the Path/Line; On Distant at Trail Corridor elements Panoramic Forward; and at the Edge of Specific Vegetation elements.
Interview findings indicated that participants rely on complex cognitive processes that involve focusing on many areas of the trail at one time. The participant's cue formation processes, foreground/background formation, goals, sequencing, and dynamic movement influenced their mode of experience.
Using the findings, this paper presents a graphic representation of mode of experience accounting for the changes participants experience; discusses lingering appraisals' affects on participants' future perceptions during linear trail experiences; discusses conflict mitigation using trail design techniques; provides design suggestions for diminishing hiker and mountain biker conflicts; suggests an adapted ROS, Recreation Opportunity Spectrum, to manage trails for setting based outcomes from a mode of experience perspective; and discusses integrating user participation in management decisions
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
