107 research outputs found
sj-docx-1-jic-10.1177_08850666221118271 - Supplemental material for Inhaled Pulmonary Vasodilators in COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-jic-10.1177_08850666221118271 for Inhaled Pulmonary Vasodilators in COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by Waleed Khokher, Saif-Eddin Malhas, Azizullah Beran, Saffa Iftikhar, Cameron Burmeister, Mohammed Mhanna, Omar Srour, Rakin Rashid, Nithin Kesireddy and Ragheb Assaly in Journal of Intensive Care Medicine</p
Mathematical modeling of infectious diseases
No full textIn this dissertation, we studied mathematical models of infectious diseases that consist of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and partial differential equations (PDEs). An ODE model is formulated to describe the dynamics of wild mosquitoes when Wolbachia-infected female and male mosquitoes are introduced in the wild as a biological control, where we assume imperfect maternal transmission of Wolbachia to offspring and incomplete cytoplasmic incompatibility. In order to reduce the population of wild mosquitoes with minimal release of Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes in the wild, we develop an optimal control model. The optimal controls are found by using the Pontryagin's Maximum Principle. We also formulated an ODE optimal control model to describe the dynamics of dengue-infected humans when Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes are introduced in the wild along with efforts on educational campaigns to motivate individuals for using personal protection in order to reduce humans-mosquitoes. In this optimal control model, we also determined the most cost-effectiveness control strategy among different control interventions to reduce dengue infections in humans. In the host (Daphnia)- parasite (fungal spores) system, we study the disease dynamics of Daphnia in a water column where both algae and spores sink and diffuse. We formulated the Daphnia-spores-algae model using advection-diffusion partial differential equations (PDEs). We studied the effects of algal carrying capacity, sinking rates of algae and spores, and the water column maximum depth on the disease dynamics of Daphnia.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2022-05-01The student, Iftikhar Ahmed, accepted the attached license on 2020-03-09 at 19:30.The student, Iftikhar Ahmed, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2020-03-09 at 19:53.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2020-04-09 at 09:53.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #14891 on 2020-08-25 at 17:38:59Made available in DSpace on 2020-08-27T00:46:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Democracies and Dictatorships: Variance in the Impact of IMF Adjustment Programs across Different Regime Types
No full textIn this paper, using panel data for 119 countries from 1993-2017, we study the impact of IMF program participation on economic growth. In particular, we examine how the impact of IMF program participation on economic growth varies in different political regimes (democracies versus dictatorships). Like some authors who have studied this issue, we find that while programs decrease economic growth in the short term, they cause growth rates to improve in the medium to long term. Moreover, we also discover that the contemporaneous and lagged effects of participation in IMF programs vary across different political regimes. Specifically, we ascertain that while more democratic countries incur greater economic losses as a result of contemporaneous participation in programs, these losses are offset by significant increases in economic growth after a one-year lag
A Novel Approach of Tailoring PMBOK activities that best suit Software Development Projects
No full textProject management is very critical for any project's success regardless of its category. Various Project management methodologies are available that provide set of guidelines and standards to effectively and efficiently manage projects in the organization. Managing software development projects has faced a lot of challenges while complying with these project management methodologies. This is mainly because project management methodologies like PMBOK does not provide specific guidelines for managing software development projects. This embarks the importance of project management tailoring activities in the software development firms, to tailor these project management methodologies according to their own need. This paper will propose six most essential tailoring activities for managing software development projects. These tailoring activities will be performed on the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK)
Performance Evaluation of Dynamic Routing Protocols
No full textRouting protocols are an essential component while performing routing. Majority of the researches put stress on the analysis of the security of IPv6 routing protocols as a future research work. In case of DB query response time, EIGRPv6 did not perform well as compare to other two routing protocols. While for voice and video, jitter, packet end-to-end delay, EIGRPv6 performed best among other routing protocols. Their evaluation involved four pairs of scenarios and each pair dedicated to respective routing protocols to be analyzed. Finally, their results also predicted that communication between ISIS and OSPF routing protocols is quite noticeable. The major purpose of their research was to figure out the best possible combined solution of routing protocols in a complex scenario to provide a seamless flow of communication. While, in the combined network, RIP-OSPF combination had a low CPU utilization in comparison to EIGRP-OSPF combination. This paper will conduct a performance evaluation and analysis of routing protocols, RIP, OSPF, EIGRP and IGRP using different performance metrics. In a situation where there are frequent network topological changes, RIP and IGRP are the least suited routing protocols. While EIGRP and OSPF are the best suited routing protocols in a changing network environment. OSPF can be a better choice than EIGRP considering transmission cost and router overhead, while EIGRP performed best in terms of convergence, utilization, delay and throughput. Hence it becomes really difficult to select among OPSF and EIGRP. Future research can be based on selecting a routing protocol among OSP
Discontinuous pulse width modulations for two-level three-phase voltage source inverter based on zero-sequence optimization
No full textThe carrier-based pulse width modulations are used to control the operation of UPS, motor drives, and grid-connected converters. In the UPS and motor drive applications, the connected load can be linearly controlled until 95% of the rated voltage. To operate the load at the rated voltage, the converter operates in nonlinear mode. It makes controller design difficult and cumbersome.
In this thesis, the zero-sequence optimization approach has been adopted to improve the DC bus utilization capabilities of discontinuous modulations to linearly control the load to its rated voltage. The optimization problem is devised using the concept of freedom of placement of the zero vectors in the space vector modulation to produce optimized discontinuous modulations. To build the foundations of this document, the operation of a two-level three-phase voltage source inverter and the associated losses are investigated in detail. Furthermore, carrier-based modulations are researched to highlight their important features.
All the carrier-based modulation techniques are compared in terms of the linear range of modulation index, efficiency and harmonics at different switching frequencies with the help of 140 kW three-phase voltage source inverter, designed in the MATLAB. The efficiency of the converter decreases when the switching frequency increases, and the load power factor decreases. It is also observed that the THD in the output is high at low switching frequencies, but it decreases exponentially when the load power factor decreases. The results indicate that the discontinuous modulations derived from space vector modulation and zero-sequence optimization have identical behavior
افتخار جالب اور اردو افسانے کی نئی لسانی تشکیلات
No full textThis essay highlights Iftikhar Jalib’s views on the importance of introducing new linguistic formations and abandoning the conventional use of language in Urdu poetry and prose. The essay limits itself to the Urdu short stories of Iftikhar Jalib, that apply what the author calls the mythical technique, through which the story is constructed in the light of mythical ideas from the Greek and Hindu traditions as well as stories from the Islamic scriptur
Re-envisioning assessment of interlanguage pragmatic competence through computer-mediated communicative tasks
No full textAssessment of second language (L2) pragmatic knowledge is still a new and understudied area of research. Some researchers (Hudson, Detmer, & Brown, 1992, 1995; Roever, 2006, Walters, 2007) have played an important role in advancing the field, but their theories have followed speech act framework often criticized for pragmatic construct under-representation (Grabowski, 2009; Roever, 2011; Youn, 2015). Methodologically, past studies mainly used closed role-plays based on predetermined interactional outcomes (Youn, 2015). Kasper and Rose (2002) doubted the validity and authenticity of closed role-play tasks. In order to address these research gaps, and as a contribution to the general understanding of Second Language Pragmatic Testing (SLPT), this study combines second language pragmatics and computer-mediated communication to assess the pragmatic knowledge of second language users of English. It uses Purpura’s (2004) framework of communicative language ability for developing interactive, email-based role-play tasks to assess test takers’ pragmatic ability with regard to sociolinguistic, sociocultural and psychological meanings, and the use of polite formulaic expressions. Using mixed methods (Greene, 2007), qualitative and quantitative evidence was provided to support test inferences. A thorough needs analysis was conducted first through semi-structured interviews and then through an online survey by involving different ESL stakeholders including 153 faculty members at a large Mid-Western university. The online questionnaire results provided insight into the instructors’ perceptions of different email situations. The results of the needs analysis also helped to determine appropriate role-play situations. A set of communicative role-play tasks were developed following Davidson and Lynch’s (2002) test specification theory. Role-play cards were used to enhance standardization, and test takers were allowed to communicate naturally without following fixed interactional outcomes. A group of 52 graduate ESL students completed email role-play tasks. Two native-speaking raters evaluated the pragmatic ability of test takers and assigned scores using an empirically driven analytical scoring rubric on the email threads. Given that most students scored high, there appears to be a correlation between the ESL proficiency level of students and their scores in the pragmatic ability tests. Furthermore, inter-rater reliability analysis shows an overall high inter-rater reliability (0.85). There was some agreement between the hypothesized task difficulty typology and actual scores of three ability groups assessed in the present study.
Qualitative analysis of interactive email data revealed a lack of knowledge of norms (as expected in Midwestern US academic settings) of appropriateness and politeness by the lower proficiency groups. Therefore, the low stakes test might have a great potential for developing instructional materials in an academic email communication context. Based on the findings of the present study, suggestions on inclusion of sociopragmatic competence into the ESL writing curriculum are made. Systematic curricular inclusion of email pragmatics in ESL courses will assist ESL learners in developing their email pragmatic competence in academic settings.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2021-05-01The student, Iftikhar Haider, accepted the attached license on 2019-01-12 at 12:47.The student, Iftikhar Haider, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2019-01-12 at 13:20.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2019-04-19 at 07:56.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #13355 on 2019-08-22 at 16:19:42Made available in DSpace on 2019-08-23T20:44:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3
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EPISTEMOLOGI STUDI HADIS KONTEMPORER KESARJANAAN MUSLIM DAN BARAT (STUDI KOMPARATIF ANTARA HARALD MOTZKI DAN IFTIKHAR ZAMAN)
No full textContemporary hadith studies are distinguished by the dynamics
of discourse on hadith studies that emerge in two distinct spheres,
Muslim and Western scholars. Each of these areas have produced
epistemological structures that do not complement one another and
frequently come into conflict. Despite the fact that the hadith material
examined is the same, their orientations and techniques of
development differ. Communication gaps frequently occur, and it is
not unusual for one group to refuse to accept the presence of another.
The question therefore becomes how to develop a hadith epistemology
capable of serving as a bridge between the two paradigms of hadith
thinking mentioned above, allowing the standstill in scientific
discussion that has happened so far to be resolved. There will be no
more intellectual cynicism based on the assumption that each other is
not capable of being scientific.
The academic issues raised above inspired the author to delve
further into the ideas of Harald Motzki-Germany (1948-2019) and
Iftikhar Zaman-Pakistan (1960-...) in the study of hadith. The
epistemological building developed by both of them is significant
enough to be synergized into a form of creative synthesis that is
expected to give birth to the epistemological structure of contemporary
hadith studies and create a deadlock in the communication and
scientific dialogue by producing an engagement between two groups
of hadith scholarship that is based on assumptions and testing methods
that is acceptable to both parties.
This dissertation's problem formulation takes the form of a
series of questions. First, how has the structure of hadith studies
evolved in Muslim intellectual traditions (Muslim scholars) and
Western scholars? Why does this dichotomy result in different
academic traditions in the realm of hadith studies while the material
object under investigation is the same? Second, what are Harald Motzki and Iftikhar Zaman’s fundamental/core concepts (primary
ideas) in hadith studies? Third, what is the epistemological framework
of hadith studies as represented by these two scholars from distinct
academic traditions? Fourth, what are the consequences of Harald
Motzki and Iftikhar Zaman’s ideas for the advancement of
contemporary hadith studies?
The author applies the analytical-comparative technique to link
ideas, clarify the breadth of possibilities, and emphasize shared ground
of thinking while preserving and clarifying existing disparities.
Epistemology and the history of ideas serve as a theoretical framework
for identifying basic (fundamental) beliefs about the topic of the
problem under study. The historical-philosophical approach to the
genetic structuralism model is important in this study. The author takes
a historical method to tracing all of the foundations of thinking,
revealing a framework of diversity, change, and continuity.
Meanwhile, a philosophical method is employed to show the
fundamental structure of the two persons' views, despite their disparate
socio-cultural origins.
Several results drawn from this research demonstrate that: first,
the disparities in hadith study traditions between Muslim and Western
scholars are related to variances in epistemological frameworks
developed in each location. The most basic distinction is
epistemology, which has an impact on every facet of the evolving
scientific architecture. The intellectual effort of Muslim and Western
academics has formed the heart of hadith studies, resulting in
epistemological grounds that frequently contradict. The two academic
traditions’ epistemological structures differ in terms of bibliographic
corpus, assumptions, analytical methods, and terminology. Secondly,
Motzki and Zaman's thoughts on the study of hadith represent their
essential principles. Motzki’s key concepts are framed in the logic of
showing the authenticity of hadith, whereas Zaman depends on the
link between the variety of isna>d (the act of relating the chain of
narration) and the diversity of matn (the text), created via the theory
of the science of rija>l .
Third, the epistemological framework of Motzki’s hadith
studies belong to the paradigmatic group, which corresponds to
traditionalist middle ground. The reference source is Mus}annaf ‘Abdul Razza>q, while the historical method relies on biographical literature.
Motzki also employed the historical critical method, which combines
form with redaction criticism. Meanwhile, Motzki’s theoretical
framework is based on dating (when, who, and where) and a sanad
(the chain of narration) and matn calendar pattern. Meanwhile, Zaman
established an epistemological framework that indicates an interaction
effort between two schools of thought: the classical heritage of hadith
studies and the Western historical critical tradition. Zaman provided a
novel interpretation of the common link theory, which was integrated
with other Western academic ideas to explain the presence of isna>d
routes by which matn versions are narrated. The study of rija>l theory
was primarily developed to determine which transmitters were the
most skilful and meticulous in preserving and transmitting hadith.
Although the hadith is not explicitly dated, the resources offered by
the notion of the science of rija>l allow us to identify when, where, and
by whom the hadith was widely spread.
Fourth, the implications of the thoughts of Motzki and Zaman
on the development of hadith studies can be recognized, first, by
means of investigation. These two scholars were able to shift the
direction or basic assumptions that had previously believed by
Western academics, who oftentimes disputing the reliability of the
sunnah or hadith, to be something whose validity can be academically
proven. Second, it demonstrates the relationship between Muslim and
Western scholarship, particularly in hadith studies; they are not all
mutually exclusive. Third, through this relatively recent research,
Motzki and Zaman have produced new achievements in current hadith
studies, inspiring future scholars. In general, this style of inquiry is
rare among Muslim and Western academics since Western researchers
base their studies on fundamental skepticism, making them hesitant to
draw inferences from extant classical literature. It contrasts with
Motzki, who used a traditional-historical technique to date the content
from the book Mus}annaf ‘Abdul Razza>q, demonstrating the
legitimacy of classical literary material. Meanwhile, Zaman proposed
a theory that offered a new and more significant meaning to numerous
classical literatures via a Western lens, which had previously
questioned the information in transmission mechanism included in the
hadith’s chain of narration
Revealing the quasiparticle electronic and excitonic nature in cubic, tetragonal, and hexagonal phases of FAPbI3
No full textThe development of three-dimensional (3D) hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites has sparked much interest because of their rich light-harvesting capabilities in solar cells. However, the understanding of the electronic and optical properties, particularly the excitonic shifts upon structural phase transition with temperature in these materials, is not fully clear. Here, we report the accurate description of electronic and optical properties of mostly studied FAPbI(3) across the cubic-tetragonal-hexagonal phases, using the relativistic GW method and Bethe-Salpeter Equation (BSE), including the spin-orbit coupling effects. Our GW calculations reveal that the bandgap values vary from 1.47 to 3.54 eV from the room temperature cubic phase to the low temperature hexagonal phase. Our optical analysis shows that excitonic peaks are blue-shifted, and exciton binding energies estimated by the model BSE approach increase from 74 to 567 meV going from the cubic to hexagonal phases. Our results may have important impacts on the practical uptake of hybrid perovskite based solar cells under different climatic conditions. (c) 2022 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
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