3,865 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Andrew D. White Professors-At-Large lectures.
No full textRecorded in Ithaca, NY by Cornell University., Sponsored by: Andrew D. White Professors-At-Large Program., Speaker(s): Well-known author., Reading, March 27, 1985.43 minutesWelty reads her short story, The Wide Net.1_1b7n8g9v1_hknzm40
The Life of the Author: D. H. Lawrence
No full textThe Life of the Author: D. H. Lawrence is a focused exploration of the whole of the author’s life and writing career. Combining biographical detail and close readings of works in different genres, the book illuminates the complexities of Lawrence’s writing through a careful, questioning approach to biographical sources and recent scholarship. Andrew Harrison provides original insights into Lawrence’s relationship to working-class experience, his anti-suffragist feminist views, his reaction to the Great War, his responses to racial and cultural difference, his attitudes towards sex, sexuality, and sexual identity, and much more
Mechanics of elastic networks
No full textWe consider a periodic lattice structure in d=2 or 3 dimensions with unit cell comprising Z thin elastic members emanating from a similarly situated central node. A general theoretical approach provides an algebraic formula for the effective elasticity of such frameworks. The method yields the effective cubic elastic constants for three-dimensional space-filling lattices with Z=4, 6, 8, 12 and 14, the last being the ‘stiffest’ lattice proposed by Gurtner & Durand (Gurtner & Durand 2014 Proc. R. Soc. A 470, 20130611. (doi:10.1098/rspa.2013.0611)). The analytical expressions provide explicit formulae for the effective properties of pentamode materials, both isotropic and anisotropic, obtained from the general formulation in the stretch-dominated limit for Z=d+1.Peer reviewe
Geophysical estimation of free-phase gas content and distribution in peatlands
No full textEmissions of methane and carbon dioxide gases from organic soils contribute to the global carbon cycle and may influence climate change. Revealing where these gases accumulate in the subsurface of saturated peat soils is a critical step towards understanding carbon cycling through peatlands. This dissertation presents field and laboratory geophysical investigations of free-phase gas contained within peatlands. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) was used to estimate the vertical distribution of free- phase gas (FPG) in sites within the Glacial Lake Agassiz Peatland, MN. Bog-crest landforms were characterized by vertical variability in FPG and accumulations up to 24% FPG within the intervals 2-4 m deep. Lawn sites show lower volumes up to 12% FPG and a more even vertical gas distribution. These results demonstrate that spatial distribution of FPG varies vertically in the peat of Glacial Lake Agassiz peatlands depending on landform type. A second study was designed to elucidate spatial variability in FPG two-dimensionally along a transect crossing a bog crest, mid-slope lawn, and fen peat landforms. Variability in gas content and distribution was observed using GPR as a function of peat landform type. Estimated gas content up to 25% was observed in landforms dominated by woody surface vegetation. In the lawn, estimated gas content was > 15%, while estimated gas contents between 0% - 7% were found in the fen. Changes in gas content of up to 20% were observed over a transition between a stand of 10 m tall trees and a fen. These results support conceptual models based on accumulation and storage of FPG. Models relating geophysical measurements to pore water content limit the accuracy of FPG estimates. To improve these models, the dielectric properties of peat samples were measured in response to changes in water content. Dielectric permittivity was measured using GPR at water contents between 0.87 and 0.95 m3 m-3 on four samples with varying levels of humification. The resulting relationships indicate that there are differences in the permittivity-water content relationships between peat samples. Behavior of parameters in the dielectric mixing model indicates that variability in dielectric relationships may be attributed to peat structure.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesIncludes vitaby Andrew D Parsekia
Morphologic and functional correlates of synaptic pathology in the cathepsin D knockout mouse model of congenital neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis
No full textMutations in the cathepsin D (CTSD) gene cause an aggressive neurodegenerative disease (congenital neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis) that leads to early death. Recent evidence suggests that presynaptic abnormalities play a major role in the pathogenesis of CTSD deficiencies. To identify the early events that lead to synaptic alterations, we investigated synaptic ultrastructure and function in presymptomatic CTSD knockout (Ctsd) mice. Electron microscopy revealed that there were significantly greater numbers of readily releasable synaptic vesicles present in Ctsd mice than in wild-type control mice as early as postnatal day 16. The size of this synaptic vesicle pool continued to increase with disease progression in the hippocampus and thalamus of the Ctsd mice. Electrophysiology revealed a markedly decreased frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) with no effect on paired-pulse modulation of the evoked excitatory post synaptic potentials in the hippocampus of Ctsd mice. The reduced mEPSCs frequency was observed before the appearance of epilepsy or any morphologic sign of synaptic degeneration. Taken together, these data indicate that CTSD is required for normal synaptic function and that a failure in synaptic trafficking or recycling may bean early and important pathologic mechanism in Ctsd mice; these presynaptic abnormalities may initiate synaptic degeneration in advance of subsequent neuronal loss
On the cyclicality of R&D: disaggregated evidence
No full textThis paper explores the link between short-run cycles and long-run growth by> examining the cyclical properties of R&D at the disaggregated industry level.> The relationship between R&D and output is estimated using an annual panel of> 20 U.S. manufacturing industries from 1958 to 1998. The results indicate that> R&D is in fact procyclical; but interestingly, estimates using demand-shift> instruments suggest that it responds asymmetrically to demand shocks. We> discuss the possibilities that liquidity constraints and technology> improvement cause the observed procyclicality of R&D.Business cycles ; Research and development
The Politics and Economics of Decolonization in Africa: The Failed Experiment of the Central African Federation
No full textThe slow collapse of the European colonial empires after 1945 provides one of the great turning points of twentieth century history. With the loss of India however, the British under Harold Macmillan attempted to enforce a 'second' colonial occupation - supporting the efforts of Sir Andrew Cohen of the Colonial Office to create a Central African Federation. Drawing on newly released archival material, The Politics and Economics of Decolonization offers a fresh examination of Britain's central African territories in the late colonial period and provides a detailed assessment of how events in Britain, Africa and the UN shaped the process of decolonization. The author situates the Central African Federation - which consisted of modern day Zambia, Zimbabwe and Malawi - in its wider international context, shedding light on the Federation's complex relationships with South Africa, with US Presidents Dwight Eisenhower and John F. Kennedy and with the expanding United Nations. The result is an important history of the last days of the British Empire and the beginnings of a more independent African continent
Between chronicon and chanson: William of Tyre, the first crusade, and the art of storytelling
No full textThe Chronicon of Archbishop William of Tyre is not only a source of unparalleled significance for historians of the Latin East, it is also one that offers an important window onto historical writing in twelfth-century Christendom. Comprising over 1,000 pages of Latin text in the modern critical edition, its twenty-three books span (roughly) the period of Latin Christian involvement in the Levant and Syria from the genesis of the First Crusade in 1095 through to the mid-1180s. The text reflects an extensive writing process, one that most historians argue began c. 1170 and lasted until the period immediately preceding the author's death c. 1184/86. Unsurprisingly for such a lengthy and important work, the Chronicon and its author have attracted widespread interest. However, except for Peter Edbury and John Rowe's 1988 study, scholars have rarely taken a broad-ranging approach to the Chronicon. Instead, recent work has largely focused on examining specific elements or themes of the text, with a growing interest in William's authorial strategies mirroring the emergence of literary approaches to crusade narratives. The Chronicon's first eight books, which account for over a third of the entire work and include the author's retelling of the First Crusade, have nevertheless either been ignored, largely because they are viewed as derivative and of little value in tracing William's authorial voice or ideological standpoints, or approached only to confirm arguments regarding related texts, especially Albert of Aachen's Historia Ierosolimitana and the so-called ‘Lost Lotharingian Chronicle’.
Some recent work has begun to redress this, but a close, careful and detailed analysis of William's account of the First Crusade remains necessary, especially given Edbury and Rowe's somewhat offhand – or at least not fully explored – concluding remark that ‘only in the story of the First Crusade did [William’s] narrative achieve a genuine homogeneity’. Such a study is vital to achieving a better understanding of the author and his text, for these sections offer the best opportunity to trace William's historical method by pinpointing his use and adaptation of other sources to craft his own version of events. But re-examining William's account of the First Crusade is also valuable because it will help to situate the Chronicon more firmly within the wider flourishing of history creation during the twelfth century and beyond, in both a crusading and non-crusading context
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