1,721,017 research outputs found
Length of stay as quality indicator in emergency departments: analysis of determinants in the German Emergency Department Data Registry (AKTIN registry)
No full textSeveral indicators reflect the quality of care within emergency departments (ED). The length of stay (LOS) of emergency patients represents one of the most important performance measures. Determinants of LOS have not yet been evaluated in large cohorts in Germany. This study analyzed the fixed and influenceable determinants of LOS by evaluating data from the German Emergency Department Data Registry (AKTIN registry). We performed a retrospective evaluation of all adult (age ≥ 18 years) ED patients enrolled in the AKTIN registry for the year 2019. Primary outcome was LOS for the whole cohort; secondary outcomes included LOS stratified by (1) patient-related, (2) organizational-related and (3) structure-related factors. Overall, 304,606 patients from 12 EDs were included. Average LOS for all patients was 3 h 28 min (95% CI 3 h 27 min–3 h 29 min). Regardless of other variables, patients admitted to hospital stayed 64 min longer than non-admitted patients. LOS increased with patients’ age, was shorter for walk-in patients compared to medical referral, and longer for non-trauma presenting complaints. Relevant differences were also found for acuity level, day of the week, and emergency care levels. We identified different factors influencing the duration of LOS in the ED. Total LOS was dependent on patient-related factors (age), disease-related factors (presentation complaint and triage level), and organizational factors (weekday and admitted/non-admitted status). These findings are important for the development of management strategies to optimize patient flow through the ED and thus to prevent overcrowding
Undergraduate medical education in emergency medical care : a nationwide survey at German medical schools
No full textBackground Since June 2002, revised regulations in Germany have required "Emergency Medical Care" as an interdisciplinary subject, and state that emergency treatment should be of increasing importance within the curriculum. A survey of the current status of undergraduate medical education in emergency medical care establishes the basis for further committee work. Methods Using a standardized questionnaire, all medical faculties in Germany were asked to answer questions concerning the structure of their curriculum, representation of disciplines, instructors' qualifications, teaching and assessment methods, as well as evaluation procedures. Results Data from 35 of the 38 medical schools in Germany were analysed. In 32 of 35 medical faculties, the local Department of Anaesthesiology is responsible for the teaching of emergency medical care; in two faculties, emergency medicine is taught mainly by the Department of Surgery and in another by Internal Medicine. Lectures, seminars and practical training units are scheduled in varying composition at 97% of the locations. Simulation technology is integrated at 60% (n=21); problem-based learning at 29% (n=10), e-learning at 3% (n=1), and internship in ambulance service is mandatory at 11% (n=4). In terms of assessment methods, multiple-choice exams (15 to 70 questions) are favoured (89%, n=31), partially supplemented by open questions (31%, n=11). Some faculties also perform single practical tests (43%, n=15), objective structured clinical examination (OSCE; 29%, n=10) or oral examinations (17%, n=6). Conclusion Emergency Medical Care in undergraduate medical education in Germany has a practical orientation, but is very inconsistently structured. The innovative options of simulation technology or state-of-the-art assessment methods are not consistently utilized. Therefore, an exchange of experiences and concepts between faculties and disciplines should be promoted to guarantee a standard level of education in emergency medical care
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Erleben und Lernen in der Famulatur
Get PDFDie Famulatur stellt den ersten Ausbildungsabschnitt dar, in dem Medizinstudierende praxisnah und frei von Lernzielvorgaben an der Patientenversorgung teilnehmen. Das Magdeburger Curriculum zur Versorgungskompetenz (MCV) (Spura et al. 2016) wurde zur Vorbereitung der Praxisphasen im Medizinstudium geschaffen. Ziel dieser Studie ist, A) das subjektive Erleben und Lernen der Studierenden in der Famulatur und B) die Bedeutung der drei Leitideen des MCV im Famulaturalltag zu untersuchen. 2014 und 2015 wurden mit 12 Medizinstudierenden des 3. Studienjahres qualitative Leitfadeninterviews nach ihrer ersten Famulatur geführt. Zur Analyse erfolgte die Codierung der in den Leitideen des MCV enthaltenen Lernziele kombiniert mit einer qualitativen strukturierenden Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring (Mayring 2003). Die Auswertung ergab für A) das subjektive Erleben und Lernen 4 Hauptkategorien: 1) „Bewältigung von Unsicherheiten“ 2) „Famulatur als soziales Arrangement“ 3) „Famulatur als Lernchance“ und 4) „Famulatur als Lehrchance“. Für B) die Relevanz des MCV ergab sich eine starke Präsenz aller drei Leitideen im Famulaturalltag. Es zeigte sich aber eine Unterrepräsentation komplexer bzw. aufwendiger Lernziele. Die Ergebnisse belegen, dass die Perspektive der Studierenden zwar noch wenig patientenorientiert, dafür aber auf die Bewältigung von Unsicherheiten, eines relativ unkoordinierten Theorie-Praxis-Transfers sowie die Orientierung in einem neuen sozialen Umfeld fokussiert ist. Gleichzeitig bietet die Famulatur unmittelbare Einblicke in die ärztliche Tätigkeit, deren Abläufe, Interaktionen und Regeln. Die Ergebnisse zeigen weiterhin, dass das MCV für den Famulaturalltag relevant ist und Studierende von Lehrveranstaltungen zu diesem profitieren könnten
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Die Wirksamkeit psychologisch-pädagogischer Interventionen im Rahmen einer gerätegestützten Krafttrainingstherapie bei älteren Polizeibeamten mit chronischen lumbalen Rückenschmerzen
Get PDFUniversität Magdeburg, Dissertation, 2016vorgelegt von Herrn Dipl.-Sportwiss./M.A. Denis Kirchhoff geboren am 22. April 1975 in Schönebec
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