177,526 research outputs found
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
Get PDFBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Rissoella japonica Chira Siadén & Wakeman & Webb & Hasegawa & Kajihara 2019, n. sp.
No full textRissoella japonica Chira & Hasegawa, n. sp. (Figs 3 G–I, 6A–G) Rissoella sp.— Hasegawa, 2000: 700 -701, plate 349, fig. Rissoellidae-1; Hasegawa, 2017: 398, 1063, pl. 355, fig. 5. Type material. Holotype: adult, 0.9 mm (ICHUM RK2001); Kamoenai, Hokkaido, Japan, 43°08′10.5″N 140°25′43.1″E, 6 November 2016. Paratypes: 3 specimens (ICHUM RK2002, RO2001, RO2002) from Oshoro Bay, Hokkaido, Japan; 1 specimen (RSH2001); Shakotan, Hokkaido, Japan. For information on specimens collection locality and GenBank accession numbers see Table 1. ZooBank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E3102674-B307-40F6-A700-7696AE32FCA8 Etymology. The species name, Rissoella japonica, refers to the geographical distribution from where the species was found. Diagnosis. Protoconch with rippled sculpture at suture. Radula, central tooth with 10-13 sharp cusps on cutting edge. Lateral teeth narrow, with median ridge becoming basal process, and outer lateral projection on base; cutting edge with major median cusp, flanked by 5-6 (along outer margin) or 7-9 (along inner margin) sharp cusps. Marginal teeth similar in shape to lateral one but smaller, cutting edge with median cusp, flanked by 3-5 smaller sharp cusps on each side. Description. Shell minute (764–1091 µm), thin, fragile, translucent or whitish opaque, elongate (width about 67% of length), with narrow umbilicus, spire of about 30% of total length (Fig. 6A). Protoconch smooth, of about 1 whorl, with rippled sculpture along suture (Figs. 6B, C). Teleoconch smooth, with distinct growth lines, deep suture, about 2 ½ convex whorls; aperture simple, entire, semicircular, slightly longer than 50% of total length. Operculum typical of family (Fig. 6D). Head–foot dark brown with colorless sole; oral lobes and tentacles dark brown. Mantle dark brown or black pigmented, with black patch placed slightly to left on dorsal portion of body whorl (Figs. 3 G-I). Radular formula 11-13 × 1.1.R.1.1 (Fig. 6E). Central tooth higher than wide (width about 48% of length), cutting edge with 10–13 sharp cusps of different sizes (Figs. 6E, F). Lateral teeth narrow (width about 23% of length), with median ridge becoming basal process, outer lateral projection on base; cutting edge with larger median cusp, flanked by 5–6 (along outer margin) or 7–9 (along inner margin) sharp cusps (Figs. 6E, G). Marginal teeth with similar shape to lateral one but smaller (width about 33% of length); cutting edge with median cusp, flanked by 3–5 smaller sharp cusps on each side (Figs. 6E, G). Distribution and microhabitat. In the Sea of Japan from Otaru to Setana, Japan. It was found in the intertidal zone on various algae including the coralline algae Corallina spp. Remarks. Both R. japonica n. sp. and R. elatior occur sympatrically in some localities, and they might be confused. However, they can be distinguished by the head-foot coloration (being dark brown in R. japonica n. sp. and white in R. elatior) and the radula morphology, as well as by conchological characters such as spire/total length and aperture/total length ratios. Based on radula morphology, R. japonica n. sp. belongs to a group containing the type species of Rissoella s.s., R. diaphana illustrated by Thiele (1929 –1935; as R. glabra), in having a symmetrical configuration with five teeth per row. Rissoella japonica n. sp. can be distinguished from R. diaphana by the relatively narrower and smaller central tooth.Published as part of Chira Siadén, Luis E., Wakeman, Kevin C., Webb, Stephen C., Hasegawa, Kazunori & Kajihara, Hiroshi, 2019, Morphological and molecular diversity of rissoellids (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Heterobranchia) from the Northwest Pacific island of Hokkaido, Japan, pp. 415-431 in Zootaxa 4551 (4) on page 423, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/262302
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Letter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer, Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, October 2, 1942
No full textLetter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer at The Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, regarding property owned by Dave Tatsuno. Zellick mentions a dispute between current tenants and Tatsuno, and that Tatsuno has asked Goodman to help locate trustworthy tenants.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
Parks Johnson and Warren Hull inspecting gifts with members of the Combat Infantry Band after the broadcast from Wakeman General Hospital, Columbus, Indiana, March 12, 1945
No full textEpisode number 595, Combat Infantry Band, Wakeman General Hospital, Photo credits: Public Relations Office; Pictured: Staff Sgt. Paul J. Lewis, Parks Johnson, Sgt. Vernon "Red" Olson, Warren Hull, Private First Class Edward Soukup, Sgt. William R. Orford, Sgt. Lynn M. Kloster, Chief Warrent Officer Chester E. Whiting
Shortcomings in the market for developing country debt
Get PDFThe author recommends ways of improving incentives for developing countries to repay future loans : 1) by finding ways to increase the penalties for default, or making the penalties more certain. This would increase the debtor countries'willingness to pay, which would benefit all parties, 2) by studying how to use existing multinational and international organizations to increase the flow of relevant information to potential creditors, 3) by increasing precommitment of funds through increased penalties for default and other approaches. IMF contingency programs are already used extensively to establish some form of precommitment. Further use of international organizations along these lines may be possible. Mutually beneficial contracts are not currently possible because precommitment is not enforceable.Environmental Economics&Policies,Financial Intermediation,Economic Adjustment and Lending,Banks&Banking Reform,Economic Theory&Research
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Liftings for noncomplete probability spaces
No full textThe current state of knowledge concerning liftings for noncomplete probability spaces is discussed. This is a somewhat expanded version of the author's talk given at the 1991 Summer Conference on General Topology and Applications in Honor of Mary Ellen Rudin and Her Work.PT: S; CR: BURKE MR, IN PRESS P AM MATH S BURKE MR, 1991, ISRAEL J MATH, V73, P33 BURKE MR, 1992, ISRAEL J MATH, V79, P289 CARLSON T, THEOREM LIFTING CHRISTENSEN JPR, 1974, TOPOLOGY BOREL STRUC FREMLIN DH, 1989, HDB BOOLEAN ALGEBRAS, P877 INOESCUTULCEA A, 1966, 5TH P BERK S MATH ST, V2 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1967, CONTRIBUTIONS PROB 1, P63 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1969, TOPICS THEORY LIFTIN JECH TJ, 1978, SET THEORY JOHNSON RA, 1980, P AM MATH SOC, V80, P234 JUST W, IN PRESS T AM MATH S KUPKA J, 1983, INDIANA U MATH J, V32, P717 LOSERT V, 1983, LNM, V1080, P95 MAHARAM D, 1958, P AM MATH SOC, V9, P987 SHELAH S, 1983, ISRAEL J MATH, V45, P90 TALAGRAND M, 1982, P AM MATH SOC, V84, P379 VONNEUMANN J, 1931, CRELLES J MATH, V165, P109; NR: 18; TC: 0; J9: ANN N Y ACAD SCI; PG: 4; GA: BZ86BSource type: Electronic(1
Hansen, Lee (Lee R.). Union, non-union, and managerial pay plan state employees, 2008-2019
No full text1 online resource (2 pages)"July 1, 2021."Provides the number of union and non-union state employees in each of the last 14 years. Also provides the number of state employees paid under the state's managerial pay plan during each of those years. Updates OLR research report 2019-R-011
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