127,363 research outputs found
Produção, modo de vida e singularidades: o caso das comunidades indígenas da etnia Wai Wai em Roraima.
No full textO presente artigo procura abordar as características de produção e as contribuições das comunidades indígenas da etnia Wai Wai no estado de Roraima. Primeiramente, traz um recorte do processo histórico da região e procura focar no modo de vida, de produção, saber local e conhecimento tradicional associado desse povo indígena, o qual compõe a agricultura familiar brasileira. Especificamente, no caso do estado de Roraima, o qual em termos relativos é o que apresenta o maior número de indígenas, bem como, de terras indígenas, essa abordagem é de extrema relevância para dar visibilidade a tão importante categoria social que contribui, fortemente, com a produção de farinha de mandioca e de castanha do Brasil. Para tanto, se fará uma descrição da realidade desses indígenas, suas potencialidades e gargalos para um processo de desenvolvimento rural mais homogêneo com vistas à sustentabilidade dos povos indígenas da Amazônia
Organizational Learning and Marketing Capability Development: A Study of Charity Retailing Operation of British Social Enterprises
No full textSocial enterprise is a hybrid form of profit- and social benefit-seeking organization whereby traditional nonprofit organizations pursue both their social mission and business opportunities. To embrace this new strategic direction shift, the nonprofit organizations need to develop new competences that will enable them to respond to the changes in the business model. The article investigates the learning mechanisms through which social enterprises develop a marketing capability to deploy their resources in the marketplace as the drivers of competitive advantage in their commercial practice. We study eight cases of UK-based charity retailers, in order to address the role of knowledge accumulation, articulation and codification process in the evolution of marketing capability development. We identify, amongst other things that the critical process of organizational learning for social enterprise is to transfer the experience into organization specific knowledge under the social aspects of constraints
Drivers of Globalization: An Evolutionary Perspective on Firm-State Relations in the Asian Newly Industrialized Economies
No full textThe emergence of firms from the Asian Newly Industrialized Economies (NIEs) in the global economy during the past two decades has been phenomenal. Many pundits have attributed the competitive success of these Asian NIE firms and their home economies to the relentless efforts of the so-called developmental states. They argue that state initiatives such as active industrial policy and financial support have enabled these "national champions" to venture into and compete successfully in the global economy. This statist approach to the globalization of Asian firms and their home economies, however, has unfortunately ignored the complex and dynamic evolutionary nature of firm-state relations within the changing context of economic globalization. Drawing upon an institutional and evolutionary theory of change and adjustments, I aim to explain how the global emergence of Asian firms cannot be simply read off from and explained by their embeddedness in the developmental state. Since the 1990s, these Asian firms have strategically disembedded from state apparatus and successfully reembedded themselves in dynamic global production networks. This shift of strategic partnership of Asian firms from firm-state to firm-firm networks has profound implications for our understanding of the present and future trajectories of regional economies in Asia. It presages the demise of the developmental state as the primary driver of economic change and growth in Asian economies. In developing my conceptualization of changing firm-state relations, this paper draws upon several emerging and interrelated research frontiers in economic geography that call for more theoretical attention to trans-local actors and processes, evolutionary dynamics of change, and institutional contexts.Firm-state relations, evolutionary dynamics, globalization, selection environment, global production networks
Sonerila subumbellata J. Wai
No full text10. <i>Sonerila subumbellata</i> J. Wai & J.-M. Hu, <i>sp. nov.</i> (Figures 20, 21). <p> TYPE:— THAILAND. Yala Province, Betong District, Ban Piyamit 2, 5°52’36.15” N, 101° 1’10.35” E, 800–850 m, 28 April 2019, <i>J. Wai 2713</i> (holotype PSU!; isotypes BKF!, TAI!).</p> <p> <i>Diagnosis: Sonerila subumbellata</i> is morphologically most similar to <i>S. capitata</i> Stapf & King (in King 1900: 35) by the anisophyllous leaves and subumbellate inflorescences, but differs in the shape of leaves (obliquely ovate or elliptic vs. obovate), broad leaf bases (vs. narrow), larger petals (6.5–13 × 3.5–6 mm vs. ca. 3 × 1.5 mm), larger hypanthia (3.5–5 mm long vs. 2–2.5 mm) and short-muricate capsules (vs. bristly muricate).</p> <p> Perennial herbs; stems creeping to ascending, stout, terete, simple or branched, 4–10 mm thick, appressed-sericeous; main erect stems 10–30 cm high; internodes 2.5–8 cm long. <i>Leaves</i> opposite, anisomorphic, adaxially light to dark green or occasionally purplish, glossy, abaxially pale green or occasionally reddish purple, chartaceous when dry. Larger leaves obliquely ovate or elliptic, 7.5–17.5 × 4.5–10 cm, 1.5–2.2 times as long as wide, adaxially sparsely appressed-sericeous, abaxially densely appressed-sericeous along veins, apex acute to acuminate, base broad, obliquely cordate, margin ciliate; venation pinnate; primary vein shallowly grooved above, prominent beneath; secondary veins arising from both sides of primary vein in an alternate or sub-opposite manner, 2–3 pairs; petioles 1–4 cm long, densely appressed-sericeous. Smaller leaves ovate, 0.5–2 × 0.5–1.5 cm, adaxially glabrous, abaxially appressed-sericeous along veins, apex acute or obtuse, base cordate, margin ciliate; venation basal acrodromous, usually with 3–5 main veins arising from the base; petioles sessile to subsessile, up to 2 mm long, appressed-sericeous. <i>Inflorescences</i> terminal or axillary, arranged in scorpioid cymes or subumbellate (derived from short-branched scorpioid cymes), 3–25- flowered, with scattered minute transparent glandular trichomes (seen under magnification) on peduncles, pedicels and hypanthia; peduncles erect or slightly curved, 1.5–6.5 cm long, green or reddish purple, sparsely appressed-sericeous; outer bracts sterile, leaf-like, persistent, oblong-lanceolate, lanceolate or oblanceolate, 6–8 × 2–2.5 mm long, margin ciliate, abaxially appressed-sericeous; inner (floral) bracts leaf-like, persistent, linear-oblong, narrowly lanceolate or subulate, 4–5 × 0.5–1 mm long, margin ciliate, abaxially sparsely appressed-sericeous or subglabrous. <i>Flowers</i> 3- merous; pedicels 2–4 mm long, greenish or reddish purple, glabrous. <i>Hypanthium</i> cup-shaped to campanulate, 3.5–5 × 3.5–4.5 mm, greenish or reddish, muricate; part of hypanthium free from ovary ca. 2 mm long. <i>Calyx lobes</i> 3, triangular, 2–2.5 × 2–3 mm, muricate. <i>Petals</i> short-clawed, elliptic or elliptic-rhomboid, 6.5–13 × 3.5–6 mm, apex acuminate, white or pinkish, glabrous on both surfaces. <i>Stamens</i> 3, equal, glabrous; filaments 2.5–5 mm long, white; anthers straight, oblong, deeply cordate at base, 2.5–4.5 mm long, yellow, apex opening with two pores. <i>Ovary</i> 1.5–2 mm long, 3-locular; ovary crown 0.7–1 mm high; ovules numerous; style 10–15 mm long, white or pinkish; stigma truncate, papillate. <i>Capsule</i> cup-shaped or turbinate, 4–5 × 4–5 mm, short-muricate. <i>Seeds</i> numerous, triangular ovoid, with an enlarged lateral raphe, 0.45–0.6 mm long, ca. 0.3 mm wide, 0.2–0.25 mm thick (measured through SEM), dark brown; testa cells with prominent tubercles on antiraphal side; tubercles cone-shaped or dome-shaped, usually with few minute verrucose papillae on the top.</p> <p> <b>Paratypes:—</b> THAILAND. PENINSULAR: Songkhla Province, Ton Nga Chang Wildlife Sanctuary, 6°56’ N, 100°13’ E, 250 m, 17 August 1995, <i>K. Karsen et al. 45731</i> (AAU!, BKF!). Yala, Province, Bannang Sata District, Khao Pok Yo, 6°20’ N, 101°17’ E, 1000 m, 10 October 1991, <i>K. Karsen et al. 42282</i> (AAU!, BKF!, P!, PSU!); ibid., 950–1050, 16 June 1992, <i>K. Karsen et al. 42918</i> (AAU!, P!); ibid., 6 April 1995, <i>Herb Trip 1059</i> (BCU!); Betong District, Ban Piyamit, 24 May 1993, <i>Herb Trip 422</i> (BCU!); Ban Piyamit 2, 5°52’43.14” N, 101°1’18.92” E, 800–850 m, 3 June 2005, <i>J. Wai 235</i> (BKF!, PSU!, TAI!); ibid., 850 m, 11 April 2010, <i>J. Wai 1869</i> (PSU!); ibid., 5°52’41.4” N, 101° 1’18.3” E, 800–1000 m, 20 August 2014, <i>J. Wai 2375</i> (BKF!, PSU!, TAI!); ibid., 5°54’26.04” N, 101° 2’8.77” E, 850–1000 m, 23 July 2015, <i>J. Wai 2453</i> (PSU!); ibid., 5°54’23” N, 101° 2’11.3” E, 900 m, 19 August 2015, <i>J. Wai 2468</i> (PSU!, TAI!). Narathiwat Province, Sukhirin District, 5°46’36.08” N, 101°42’53.18” E, 163 m, 2 January 2016, <i>J. Wai 2506</i> (PSU!); Toh Moh, Khao Re Chaw, 550 m (1800 feet), 24 April 1931, <i>M. C. Lakshnakara 727</i> (BM!, BK!); Waeng District, Bala forest, 18 February 1999, <i>P. Puudjaa & S. Cholkulchana 541</i> (BKF!); ibid., 5°48’30” N, 101°48’36” E, 380 m, 9 March 2004, <i>S. Chongko 256</i> (CMUB!); ibid., 50–100 m, 1 January 2016, <i>J. Wai 2503</i> (PSU!); ibid., 350 m, 26 August 2017, <i>J. Wai 2624</i> (BK!, BKF!, PSU!, TAI!). MALAYSIA. <i>PENINSULAR MALAYSIA</i>: Kedah, Gunung Lang, near Baling, 25 March 1938, <i>Kiah SFN 35052</i> (K, L, SING). Perlis, Mata Ayer Forest Reserve, 30–31 August 1992, <i>G. W. H. Davison s.n.</i> (KEP).</p> <p> <b>Distribution:—</b> Peninsular Thailand (Songkhla, Yala and Narathiwat Provinces), Peninsular Malaysia (Kedah and Perlis).</p> <p> <b>Habitat:—</b> Terrestrial plant. This species was found growing in deep shade, often found along the streams in lowland humid and submontane evergreen forests, at elevations of 50–1050 m.</p> <p> <b>Phenology:—</b> Flowering and fruiting were observed from January to October.</p> <p> <b>DNA barcodes:—</b> OP431260 (ITS), OP480544 (<i>accD-psal</i>), OP452981 (<i>ndhF</i>), OP480669 (<i>rpl16</i>), OP503776 (<i>trnS-trnG</i>), OP558266 (<i>ndhC-trnV</i>), OP495580 (<i>ndhF-rpl32</i>). All sequenced from <i>J. Wai 2375</i></p> <p> <b>Etymology:—</b> The specific epithet “subumbellata” refers to the almost umbrella-like appearance of the inflorescences.</p> <p> <b>Vernacular name:—สาวสนมดง</b> (Sao Sanom Dong) (Thailand).</p> <p> <b>Proposed IUCN conservation status:—</b> Vulnerable (VU) under criteria B1ab (iii)+B2ab (iii). This species is narrowly distributed in <i>Southern Thailand and Northern Peninsular Malaysia</i>. The known extent of occurrence (EOO) is less than 20,000 km 2 and the known area of occupancy (AOO) is less than 2,000 km 2. Some populations are very close to the road, and they are threatened by agricultural expansion. It has been noticed that the populations have declined over time. Therefore, we qualify this species as VU according to IUCN Red List guidelines Version 15.1 (IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2022).</p>Published as part of <i>Wai, Jarearnsak Sae & Hu, Jer-Ming, 2023, Twelve new species of Sonerila (Sonerileae, Melastomataceae) from Thailand, pp. 107-142 in Phytotaxa 620 (2)</i> on pages 132-134, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.620.2.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10011117">http://zenodo.org/record/10011117</a>
Content Accessibility of Web documents. Principles and Recommendations
No full textThe paper is an overview of issues related to the accessibility of Web sites, of European initiatives and recommendations in the field, of future solutions, such as developing Web 2.0 accessible applications with WAI-ARIA. As part of the Pro-Inclusiv project was included a set of accessibility recommendations to design web sites, recommendations presented in the paper.Web accessibility, users with disabilities, standards and recommendations
Sonerila peninsularis J. Wai
No full text6. <i>Sonerila peninsularis</i> J. Wai & J.-M. Hu, <i>sp. nov.</i> (Figures 12, 13) <p> TYPE:— THAILAND. PENINSULAR: Songkhla Province, Hat Yai District, Kho Hong Hill, 7° 0’55.17” N, 100°31’12.80” E, 360 m, 24 October 2020, <i>J. Wai 2758</i> (holotype PSU!, isotypes BKF!, TAI!).</p> <p> <i>Diagnosis: Sonerila peninsularis</i> is morphologically most similar to <i>S. calophylla</i> Ridley (1912: 5) in having quadrangular stems and isophyllous leaves, but differs by its subterranean globose tuber (vs. irregularly shaped rhizome), long stipitate glandular trichomes on abaxial midvein of the petals (vs. absent), shorter filaments (2–4 mm long vs. 4.5–5.5 mm), smaller anthers (1.5–2.5 mm long vs. 4.5–6 mm) and shorter style (6–9 mm long vs. 10–14 mm).</p> <p> Perennial herbs with subterranean tuber, 5–25 cm high; tuber more or less globose, 3–10 mm in diam.; stems erect or decumbent to ascending, usually unbranched, quadrangular, 2–5 mm thick, fleshy, almost all parts covered with minute brown glandular trichomes (seen under magnification); internodes up to 2 cm long. <i>Leaves</i> opposite decussate, isomorphic, light to dark green, brownish or reddish purple, often with scattered numerous white spots, membranaceous when dry; petioles 0.5–2 cm long; blades ovate, elliptic, or lanceolate, 2.5–10 × 1–4.5 cm, 1.5–2.6 times as long as wide, adaxial surface minutely strigose, abaxial surface subglabrous, few strigose trichomes only present on the secondary veins, apex acute or obtuse, base cordate, rounded or broadly cuneate, margin shallowly serrulate; venation pinnate; primary vein shallowly grooved above, prominent beneath; secondary veins arising from both sides of primary vein in an alternate or occasionally sub-opposite manner, 2–5 pairs. <i>Inflorescences</i> terminal or axillary, scorpioid cymes, 5–20-flowered, with scattered minute transparent brown glandular trichomes (seen under magnification) on peduncles, pedicels and hypanthia; peduncles 3–8 cm long, erect or slightly curved, greenish or purplish; bracts minute, narrowly triangular, 0.25–0.5 mm long. <i>Flowers</i> 3-merous; pedicels 1.5–4 mm long, purplish. <i>Hypanthium</i> cylindrical, narrowly campanulate or obconical, 5–6 × 2–2.5 mm, purplish or greenish, occasionally with few long stipitate glandular trichomes (trichomes ca. 0.5 mm long); part of hypanthium free from ovary 1.5–2.5 mm long. <i>Calyx lobes</i> 3, triangular-ovate, 0.5–1 × 1.5–2 mm. <i>Petals</i> short-clawed, elliptic or obovate, 6.5–11 × 3–4.5 mm, apex acuminate, pinkish, adaxial surface glabrous, abaxial surface with few long stipitate glandular trichomes along the midvein (trichomes ca. 0.5 mm long). <i>Stamens</i> 3, equal, glabrous; filaments 2–4 mm long, white; anthers slightly incurved, cordate at base, narrowing towards apex, 1.5–2.5 mm long, yellow, apex opening with two pores. <i>Ovary</i> 3–4 mm long, 3-locular; ovary crown ca. 1 mm high; ovules numerous; style 6–9 mm long, white; stigma capitate, papillate. <i>Capsule</i> obpyramidal, trigonous, 5–6 × 3–4 mm, glabrous. <i>Seeds</i> numerous, triangular ovoid, 0.4–0.5 mm long, ca. 0.3 mm wide, 0.2–0.25 mm thick (measured through SEM), dark brown; testa cells densely verrucose-papillose, with minutely verrucose-papillose tubercles on antiraphal side.</p> <p> <b>Paratypes:—</b> THAILAND. PENINSULAR: Songkhla Province, Hat Yai District, Kho Hong Hill, 400 m, 23 September 1984, <i>J. F. Maxwell 84–248</i> (BKF!, PSU!); ibid., 15 December 1984, <i>J. F. Maxwell 84–513</i> (BKF!, PSU!); ibid., 15 December 1984, <i>J. F. Maxwell 84–514</i> (BKF!, PSU!); ibid., 7° 0’55.17” N, 100°31’12.80” E, 360 m, 19August 2016, <i>J. Wai 2527</i> (PSU!); ibid., 7° 0’54.03”N, 100°31’12.25”E, 350 m, 10 December 2016, <i>J. Wai 2603</i> (BKF!, PSU!, TAI!); Ton Nga Chang Waterfall, 80–350 m, 19 December 1979, <i>T. Shimizu et al. T27713</i> (BKF!, KYO!); ibid., 100 m, 10 January1984, <i>P. Sirirugsa 736</i> (PSU!); ibid., 250 m, 27 December 1984, <i>J. F. Maxwell 84–571</i> (PSU!); ibid., 6°56’ N, 100°13’ E, January 1992, <i>P. Puudjaa 52</i> (BKF!); ibid., 2 February 2022, <i>J. Wai 2740</i> (PSU!); Na Thawi District, Khao Nam Kang, 6°45’ N, 100°43’ E, 100–150 m, 20 October 1991, <i>K. Larsen et al. 42421</i> (AAU!, P!); ibid., 13 June 1992, <i>K. Larsen et al. 42849</i> (AAU!); ibid., 13 March 1998, <i>Puangpen et al. N321</i> (QBG!); ibid., 6°35’37.06” N, 100°35’22.27” E, 150 m, 21 August 2015, <i>J. Wai 2475</i> (PSU!, TAI!); ibid., 14 December 2015, <i>J. Satthaphorn s.n.</i> (PSU!). Narathiwat Province, Bacho District, 9 June 1961, <i>K. Bunchuai 200</i> (BKF!); ibid., 10 December 1968, <i>P. Sangkhachand 1550</i> (BK!, KYO!); ibid., 13 December 1968, <i>S. Phusomsaeng 4</i> (BKF!, C!); ibid., 6°31’ N, 101°39’ E, 17 October 1970, <i>Ch. Charoenphol et al. 3939</i> (AAU!, L!).</p> <p> <b>Distribution:—</b> Thailand (Songkhla and Narathiwat Provinces).</p> <p> <b>Habitat:—</b> Terrestrial plant. This species was often found growing in shaded areas of hill slopes and rocky habitats in lowland forests, at elevations of 50– 400 m.</p> <p> <b>Phenology:—</b> Flowering and fruiting were observed from September to March.</p> <p> <b>DNA barcodes:—</b> OP431230 (ITS), OP453046 (ETS), OP480523 (<i>accD-psal</i>), OP452970 (<i>ndhF</i>), OP480656 (<i>rpl16</i>), OP503765 (<i>trnS-trnG</i>), OP558254 (<i>ndhC-trnV</i>), OP495565 (<i>ndhF-rpl32</i>). All sequenced from <i>J. Wai 2758</i>.</p> <p> <b>Etymology:—</b> The specific epithet “ <i>peninsularis</i> ” refers to the distribution of this species being restricted to Peninsular Thailand.</p> <p> <b>Vernacular name:—สาวสนมใต้</b> (Sao Sanom Dai) (Thailand).</p> <p> <b>Proposed IUCN conservation status:—</b> Endangered (EN) under criteria B1ab (iii)+B2ab (iii). This species is known only from <i>four locations</i> in <i>Southern Thailand</i>. The known extent of occurrence (EOO) is less than 5,000 km 2 and the known area of occupancy (AOO) is less than 500 km 2. Since this species is found in lowlands and some populations are very close to agricultural areas and can be affected by human disturbance. Therefore, we qualify this species as EN according to IUCN Red List guidelines Version 15.1 (IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2022).</p>Published as part of <i>Wai, Jarearnsak Sae & Hu, Jer-Ming, 2023, Twelve new species of Sonerila (Sonerileae, Melastomataceae) from Thailand, pp. 107-142 in Phytotaxa 620 (2)</i> on pages 122-125, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.620.2.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10011117">http://zenodo.org/record/10011117</a>
Sonerila tenue J. Wai
No full text12. <i>Sonerila tenue</i> J. Wai & J.-M. Hu, <i>sp. nov.</i> (Figures 24, 25). <p> TYPE:— THAILAND. <i>NORTHERN</i>: Uttaradit Province, Nam Pat District, Phu Soi Dao, 17°44’12.80” N, 100°59’21.23” E, 1600 m, 22 October 2016, <i>J. Wai 2561</i> (holotype PSU!, isotypes BKF!, TAI!)</p> <p> Diagnosis: <i>Sonerila tenue</i> is similar to <i>S. collina</i> Parker (1931: 42) in having isophyllous leaves with basal acrodromous venation, but differs by the slender stems (vs. stout woody stems), minute reddish brown glandular trichomes (vs. almost glabrous), shorter anthers (7–8.5 mm long vs. ca. 10 mm long).</p> <p> Perennial herbs or subshrubs, 10–45 cm high; stems erect or ascending, slender, terete, simple or branched, semi-woody in older parts, 1–3 mm thick, almost all parts covered with minute reddish brown glandular trichomes, young parts usually reddish, old parts turn to grayish brown; internodes up to 3.5 cm long. <i>Leaves</i> opposite decussate, isomorphic, dark green or reddish purple, sometimes with a whitish stripe along the midvein, membranaceous when dry; petioles 0.5–3 cm long; blades elliptic, ovate or lanceolate, 1.5–8 × 1–3 cm, 1.5–4.3 times as long as wide, adaxially sparsely minutely strigose, abaxially sparsely minutely strigose along veins, apex acute to acuminate, base cuneate to rounded, margin shallowly serrulate; venation basal to subbasal acrodromous, usually with 3–5 main veins arising from the base. <i>Inflorescences</i> terminal or axillary, scorpioid cymes, 1–12-flowered, with scattered minute transparent brown glandular trichomes on peduncles, pedicels and hypanthia; peduncles erect or slightly curved, 1–2 cm long, reddish purple; bracts minute, triangular-oblong, 0.25–0.35 mm long. <i>Flowers</i> 3-merous; pedicels 3–5 mm long, purplish. <i>Hypanthium</i> cylindrical to obconical, 7–8.5 × 2.5–3 mm, purplish or greenish; part of hypanthium free from ovary 2.5–3 mm long. <i>Calyx lobes</i> 3, triangular-ovate, ca. 1.5 × 2.5–3 mm. <i>Petals</i> short-clawed, elliptic-ovate or elliptic-oblong, 11–13 × 6–7 mm, apex acuminate, pinkish, glabrous on both surfaces. <i>Stamens</i> 3, equal, glabrous; filaments 7–8.5 mm long, pinkish or white; anthers slightly incurved, deeply cordate at base, narrowing towards apex, 7–8.5 mm long, yellow, apex opening with two pores. <i>Ovary</i> 4–5 mm long, 3-locular; ovary crown ca. 1 mm high; ovules numerous; style 15–18 mm long, pinkish; stigma capitate, papillate. <i>Capsule</i> obpyramidal, trigonous, 7–8.5 × 4–5 mm. <i>Seeds</i> numerous, triangular ovoid, 0.5–0.6 mm long, ca. 0.3 mm wide, 0.2–0.25 mm thick (measured through SEM), dark brown; testa cells densely verrucose-papillose, with minute tubercles on antiraphal side; tubercles dome-shaped, with minute verrucose papillae on the top.</p> <p> <b>Paratypes:—</b> THAILAND. NORTHERN: Uttaradit Province, Nam Pat District, Phu Soi Dao, 1566 m, 17 November 2009, <i>M. Norsaengsri & S. Intamusik 6119</i> (QBG!); ibid., 1570 m, 18 November 2009, <i>M. Norsaengsri & S. Intamusik 6168</i> (QBG!); ibid., 17°44’2.36” N, 100°59’56.80” E, 1613 m, 23 October 2016, <i>J. Wai 2562</i> (BKF!, PSU!, TAI!); Phu Miang, 1500 m, 16 February 1964, <i>B. Hansen et al. 11173</i> (SING!); North Side of Phu Miang, 1175–1550 m, 15 October 2005, <i>J. F. Maxwell 05–572</i> (BKF!, CMUB!). Phitsanulok Province, Chat Trakan District, Ban Romklao, 20 January 2009, <i>C. Maknoi 2852</i> (QBG!); Phu Soi Dao, 1800 m, 8 October 2008, <i>W. Pongamornkul 3246</i> (QBG!). NORTH-EASTERN: Loei Province, Na Haew District, Huai Nam Phak, 900 m, 9 December 1996, <i>W. Nanakorn et al. 8004</i> (QBG!); Phu Suan Sai, 1000 m, 25 April 1994, <i>W. Nanakorn et al. 3068</i> (QBG!); ibid., 5 November 1995, <i>W. Nanakorn et al. 5140</i> (QBG!); ibid., 1200 m, 10 December 1996, <i>W. Nanakorn et al. 8069</i> (QBG!); ibid., 17°30’ N, 100°56’ E, 950 m, 11 January 1998, <i>P. Srisanga et al. 161</i> (QBG!); ibid., 14 May 2008, <i>C. Maknoi & P. Srisanga 2216</i> (QBG!); ibid., 17°29’45.30” N, 100°56’56.70” E, 1225 m, 24 December 2015, <i>J. Wai 2493</i> (PSU!, TAI!); Phu Luang District, Phu Luang, 1100–1500 m, 4 December 1965, <i>M. Tagawa et al. T1180</i> (BKF!, KYO!); ibid., 900–1400 m, 6 December 1965, <i>M. Tagawa et al. T1807</i> (BKF!, KYO!, L!); ibid., 1250–1500 m, 17 November 1968, <i>C. Chermsirivattana 1142</i> (BK!); ibid., 23 November 2006, <i>S. Watthana & H. Kurzweil 2170</i> (BKF!, CMUB!, QBG!); ibid., 17°17’54.80”N, 101°31’24.90”E, 1383 m, 25 December 2015, <i>J. Wai 2495</i> (PSU!).</p> <p> <b>Distribution:—</b> Thailand (Uttaradit, Phitsanulok and Loei Provinces). It might be also found across the border in Laos.</p> <p> <b>Habitat:—</b> Terrestrial plant. This species was found growing in shaded areas of submontane to montane forests, at elevations of 900–1800 m.</p> <p> <b>Phenology:—</b> Flowering and fruiting were observed from October to February.</p> <p> <b>DNA barcodes:—</b> OP431284 (ITS), OP453067 (ETS), OP480565 (<i>accD-psal</i>), OP452991 (<i>ndhF</i>), OP480675 (<i>rpl16</i>), OP503782 (<i>trnS-trnG</i>), OP558271 (<i>ndhC-trnV</i>), OP495583 (<i>ndhF-rpl32</i>). All sequenced from <i>J. Wai 2561</i>.</p> <p> <b>Etymology:—</b> The specific epithet “tenue” refers to the thin and slender habit of this species.</p> <p> <b>Vernacular name:—สาวสนมภู</b> (Sao Sanom Phu) (Thailand).</p> <p> <b>Proposed IUCN conservation status:—</b> Endangered (EN) under criteria B1ab (iii)+B2ab (iii). This species is known only from <i>four locations</i> near Thai-Laos Border. The known extent of occurrence (EOO) is less than 5,000 km 2</p> <p> and the known area of occupancy (AOO) is less than 500 km 2. Since they are particularly attractive to tourists and some populations are very close to nature trails, they have been partially disturbed by tourism activities. Therefore, we qualify this species as EN according to IUCN Red List guidelines Version 15.1 (IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2022).</p>Published as part of <i>Wai, Jarearnsak Sae & Hu, Jer-Ming, 2023, Twelve new species of Sonerila (Sonerileae, Melastomataceae) from Thailand, pp. 107-142 in Phytotaxa 620 (2)</i> on pages 138-141, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.620.2.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10011117">http://zenodo.org/record/10011117</a>
Breath by breath analysis of breathing pattern in health and disease: a potential outcome measure for breathing retraining?
No full textAnalysis of breathing pattern can quantify parameters of breathing such as rate, volume, timing and regularity/rhythmicity. This information can be useful to compare breathing patterns in those healthy and with disease, under different experiment conditions (such as rest versus activity) and to monitor changes over time. In this research, respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP) was used to record breathing patterns in a group of healthy subjects and a group of severe asthma patients. RIP is a leading technology for ambulatory monitoring of breathing, but traditional RIP devices suffered from poor signal quality under such conditions due to movement of the sensor. Several authors have also raised doubts about the existing calibration methods for RIP which can lead to inaccurate estimation of breathing parameters. During the first phase of the programme, an instrumented garment (LifeShirt®) which had RIP embedded within was tested for its validity in comparison to a pneumotachograph (PT). The first study sought to validate the measurements obtained from the LifeShirt ®against PT when calibrated with a published but yet to be tested method for breath by breath analysis and to address the limitations of existing calibration methods. Eleven healthy individuals took part in this first study. Breathing patterns were simultaneously monitored by the LifeShirt ® and the PT during thirty minutes of rest and twenty minutes of exercise. Parameters of tidal volume, expiration time and tidal volume variability were recorded and compared between devices. The analysis from the first study demonstrated that RIP recorded proportionate changes of tidal volume and expiration duration relative to PT during quiet breathing and exercise. Mean tidal volume and expiration duration between devices was strongly correlated for rest and exercise. No statistical difference in tidal volume variability was observed between devices during either period. Significant differences in expiration duration between devices were observed in all participants at rest but not during exercise. Results of this first study demonstrated that valid breath by breath analysis using RIP without PT was feasible. This is clinically advantageous due to simplicity of set-up for RIP.In the second phase, measurement of breathing patterns was made in severe asthma patients with the LifeShirt® alone during thirty minutes of rest. It intended to add new knowledge with regards to the breathing patterns within this small population as compared to the healthy population. Ten healthy individuals and ten patients diagnosed with severe asthma took part in the second study. Breathing parameters of tidal volume, inspiration time, expiration time, end tidal carbon dioxide levels, tidal volume variability and end tidal carbon dioxide levels variability were recorded by the LifeShirt®. The analysis of the second phase shown no evidence that breathing pattern parameters could differentiate between the severe asthma patients and healthy volunteers in our small study. The symptoms of hyperventilation found more commonly in the severe asthma group were not associated with differences in breathing pattern parameters. However, considerable differences were found between individuals. This suggests the existence of individuality in breathing patterns between individuals. Such findings raised doubts as to whether there is a group ‘pattern’ that is common within the severe asthma population or within the healthy population. This programme calls for a change in paradigm to consider breathing patterns as an unique individual ‘trait’ rather than as a group characteristic
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Sonerila montana J. Wai
No full text5. <i>Sonerila montana</i> J. Wai & J.-M. Hu, <i>sp. nov.</i> (Figures 10, 11). <p> TYPE:— THAILAND. NORTHERN: Chiang Mai Province, Chom Thong District, Near Doi Inthanon National Park Check Point 2, 18°31’39.79”N, 98°29’57.84”E, 1690 m, 11 December 2015, <i>K. Khammongkol et al. 74</i> (holotype PSU!, isotypes BKF!, TAI!).</p> <p> <i>Diagnosis: Sonerila montana</i> is morphologically most similar to <i>S. parishii</i> Stapf (1982: 303) in having terete stems and isophyllous leaves, but differs by the scattered bristles on stems (vs. absent), shorter petals (7–9.5 mm long vs. 10–11 mm), smaller anthers (ca. 6.5 mm long vs. 7–8 mm).</p> <p> Perennial herbs or subshrubs, 10–30 cm high; stems erect or ascending, simple or branched, slender, terete, semi-woody in older parts, 2–3 mm thick, almost all parts densely covered with minute brown glandular trichomes mixed with scattered bristles ca. 1 mm long, young parts usually reddish purple, old parts turn to grayish brown; internodes 1–3.5 cm long. <i>Leaves</i> opposite decussate, isomorphic, light to dark green or reddish purple, sometimes with numerous white spots, chartaceous or submembranaceous when dry; petioles 0.5–4 cm long; blades ovate or lanceolate, 3–10.5 × 2–3.7 cm, 1.5–2.8 times as long as wide, adaxially sparsely minutely strigose, abaxially sparsely minutely strigose along veins, apex acute to acuminate, base equal or slightly oblique, cuneate to rounded, truncate or slightly cordate, margin shallowly serrulate; venation pinnate; primary vein shallowly grooved above, prominent beneath; secondary veins arising from both sides of primary vein in an alternate or sub-opposite manner, 2–4 pairs. <i>Inflorescences</i> terminal or axillary, scorpioid cymes, 3–10-flowered, with scattered minute transparent brown glandular trichomes (seen under magnification) mixed with scattered long stipitate glandular trichomes on peduncles, pedicels and hypanthia; peduncles erect or slightly curved, 2–5 cm long, green or purplish; bracts minute, triangular, 0.25–0.75 mm long. <i>Flowers</i> 3- merous; pedicels 3.5–6 mm long, purplish. <i>Hypanthium</i> obpyramidal or obconical, 6–7 × 2.5–3 mm, purplish or greenish; part of hypanthium free from ovary 2.5–3.5 mm long. <i>Calyx lobes</i> 3, triangular-ovate, 1–1.5 × 2–2.5 mm. <i>Petals</i> short-clawed, elliptic or obovate, 7–9.5 × 4–6 mm, apex acuminate, pinkish, adaxially glabrous, abaxially glandular pilose along the midvein. <i>Stamens</i> 3, equal, glabrous; filaments 6.5–10 mm long, pinkish or white; anthers slightly incurved, deeply cordate at base, narrowing towards apex, ca. 6.5 mm long, yellow, apex opening with two pores. <i>Ovary</i> 3–4 mm long, 3-locular; ovary crown ca. 1 mm high; ovules numerous; style 11–16 mm long, pinkish; stigma capitate, papillate. <i>Capsule</i> obpyramidal, trigonous, 5–7 × 4–5 mm, with minute trichomes or glabrescent. <i>Seeds</i> numerous, triangular ovoid, 0.6–0.7 mm long, 0.3–0.4 mm wide, 0.25–0.3 mm thick (measured through SEM), dark brown; testa cells densely verrucose-papillose, with prominent tubercles on antiraphal side; tubercles dome-shaped, minutely verrucose-papillose.</p> <p> <b>Paratypes:—</b> THAILAND. NORTHERN: Mae Hong Son Province, Mueang Mae Hong Son District, Doi Khun Huai Pong, 18°58’ N, 98°10’ E, 1800 m, 5 March 1968, <i>B. Hansen & T. Smitinand 12828</i> (C!, E!, K!, L!); Pang Mapha District, Doi Chong, 19°25’ N, 98°18’ E, 1800 m, 19 February 1968, <i>B. Hansen & T. Smitinand 12671</i> (AAU!, C!, E!, K!, KYO!, L!, P!). Chiang Mai Province, Chom Thong District, Doi Angka, 1550 m, 20 December 1934, <i>H. B. G. Garrett 914</i> (E!, L!); ibid., 1550 m, 20 December 1934, <i>H. B. G. Garrett 915</i> (E!, L!); Mae Chaem District, Doi Inthanon, 2400 m, 20 December 1965, <i>M. Tagawa et al. T3058</i> (AAU!, E!, K!, KYO!, L!); ibid., 18°40’ N, 98°25’ E, 1700 m, 7 December 1969, <i>C. F. van Beusekom & C. Phengklai 2379</i> (AAU!, E!, L!); ibid., 2300 m, 31 December 1974, <i>R. Geesink et al. 7989</i> (L!); ibid., 1900 m, 3 January 1975, <i>R. Geesink et al. 8062</i> (C!, K!, L!, P!); ibid., 1680 m, 19 December 1983, <i>N. Fukuoka & M. Ito T35340</i> (KYO!, L!); ibid., 1600 m, 5 December 1984, <i>S. Mitsuta et al. T45317</i> (KYO!); ibid., 2000 m, 5 December 1984, <i>H. Koyama et al. T48806</i> (BKF!); ibid., 1750 m, 13 December 1984, <i>W. Nanakorn 1096</i> (AAU!); ibid., 1800 m, 13 December 1984, <i>W. Nanakorn 1110</i> (AAU!); ibid., 18 October 1991, <i>O</i> <i>.</i> <i>Thaithong et al. 294</i> (BCU!); ibid., 1600 m, 29 November 1991, <i>R. Pooma 612</i> (BKF!, CMUB!); ibid., 1500–1700 m, 30 January 1996, <i>W. Nanakorn et al. 5901</i> (QBG!); ibid., 1700 m, 23 December 1996, <i>M. Hara A091</i> (CMUB!); ibid., 1800 m, 15 December 1996, <i>W. Nanakorn et al. 8261</i> (QBG!); ibid., 2 January 1997, <i>M. Hara A348</i> (CMUB!); ibid., 3 January 1997, <i>M. Hara A392</i> (CMUB!); ibid., 7 January 1998, <i>P. Srisanga & W. Pongamornkul 110</i> (QBG!) ibid., 7 January 1998, <i>P. Srisanga & W. Pongamornkul 111</i> (QBG!); ibid., 1600 m, 6 January 2009, <i>S. Watthana 2706</i> (QBG!); ibid., 6 January 2009, <i>S. Watthana 2707</i> (QBG!); ibid., Route to Khun Wang, 1650 m, 20 January 2009, <i>P. Srisanga & P. Suksathan 3248</i> (QBG!) ibid., 20 January 2009, <i>P. Srisanga & P. Suksathan 3261</i> (QBG!); ibid., 18°31’14.00” N, 98°30’7.00” E, 1652 m, 27 November 2011, <i>V. Chamchumroon et al. 5175</i> (AAU!, L!); Omkoi District, Doi Mon Chong, 1400–2000 m, 1 January 1997, <i>W. Nanakorn et al. 8336</i> (QBG!).</p> <p> <b>Distribution:—</b> Thailand (Mae Hong Son and Chiang Mai Provinces).</p> <p> <b>Habitat:—</b> Terrestrial plant. This species was often found growing in shaded areas of montane forest, at elevations of 1400–2400 m.</p> <p> <b>Phenology:—</b> Flowering and fruiting were observed from October to March.</p> <p> <b>DNA barcodes:—</b> OP431215 (ITS), OP453037 (ETS), OP480513 (<i>accD-psal</i>), OP452963 (<i>ndhF</i>), OP480649 (<i>rpl16</i>),OP503759 (<i>trnS-trnG</i>), OP558246 (<i>ndhC-trnV</i>),OP495559(<i>ndhF-rpl32</i>).All sequenced from <i>K.Khammongkol et al. 74</i>.</p> <p> <b>Etymology:—</b> The specific epithet “montana” refers to the mountain habitat of this species.</p> <p> <b>Vernacular name:—สาวสนมดอย</b> (Sao Sanom Doi) (Thailand).</p> <p> <b>Proposed IUCN conservation status:—</b> Vulnerable (VU) under criteria B1ab (iii)+B2ab (iii). This species is narrowly distributed in <i>Northern Thailand</i>. The known extent of occurrence (EOO) is less than 20,000 km 2 and the known area of occupancy (AOO) is less than 2,000 km 2. Since they are particularly attractive to collectors and some populations are very close to the road, they can be affected by human disturbance. Therefore, we qualify this species as VU according to IUCN Red List guidelines Version 15.1 (IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2022).</p>Published as part of <i>Wai, Jarearnsak Sae & Hu, Jer-Ming, 2023, Twelve new species of Sonerila (Sonerileae, Melastomataceae) from Thailand, pp. 107-142 in Phytotaxa 620 (2)</i> on pages 119-122, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.620.2.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10011117">http://zenodo.org/record/10011117</a>
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