1,720,974 research outputs found
Gender Mainstreaming in International Trade: Catalyst for Economic Development and Political Stability
Full text linkThis paper examines the role of gender mainstreaming in international trade policy and law upon the tenth anniversary of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action (“Beijing Declaration”) and the World Trade Organization (“WTO”). The author notes that these two topics have not been successfully integrated but will need to be if globalization is to proceed in a meaningful, positive way. After tracing the historical development of gender mainstreaming at the international level through the Beijing Declaration, the author outlines the manner in which various intergovernmental organizations within the United Nations system have implemented its mandate. However, gender mainstreaming is notably absent from the agenda of the WTO. The author suggests ways in which gender should be mainstreamed within the governance structure of the WTO and in substantive WTO law
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Gender Mainstreaming in International Trade: Catalyst for Economic Development and Political Stability
No full textThis paper examines the role of gender mainstreaming in international trade policy and law upon the tenth anniversary of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action (“Beijing Declaration”) and the World Trade Organization (“WTO”). The author notes that these two topics have not been successfully integrated but will need to be if globalization is to proceed in a meaningful, positive way. After tracing the historical development of gender mainstreaming at the international level through the Beijing Declaration, the author outlines the manner in which various intergovernmental organizations within the United Nations system have implemented its mandate. However, gender mainstreaming is notably absent from the agenda of the WTO. The author suggests ways in which gender should be mainstreamed within the governance structure of the WTO and in substantive WTO law
Looking at Regional Trade Agreements Through the Lens of Gender
Full text linkThis article focuses on an unresolved issue within international trade law and policy, namely whether there is a need to consider gender-differentiated impacts of trade agreements and if so, how such impacts should be addressed. The author argues in favor of a gender aware approach to trade, discussing this topic within the context of regional trade agreements (“RTAs”), which are being used increasingly as a route to economic integration among nations. While there is evidence of gender-differentiated impacts of trade liberalization, there has been little progress made in advancing an agenda to address gender issues at the level of multilateral trade negotiations through the World Trade Organization(“WTO”). The author suggests that gender issues might be better addressed at the regional level through RTA negotiations, citing several examples of recent developments reflecting a gender aware approach to support her claim. She cautions, however, that such efforts fall short of a comprehensive work program that would advance women’s equality in a truly meaningful way
Training the Transactional Business Lawyer: Using the Business Associations Course as a Platform to Teach Practical Skills
Full text linkDrawing on her own practice background as a business lawyer and her law school teaching experience, theauthor argues for the importance of introducing transactional lawyering skills into the law school course on business associations. She notes that business law practice is transactional in nature, but that the traditional method of teaching business associations centers on case law analysis. This litigation-focused approach misleads students about the nature of business law practice, which requires lawyers to act as problem solvers and planners and to engage in preventative lawyering. To bolster her argument, the author draws on some of the recent literature on legal education reform that calls for introducing students to an enhanced range of skills needed for law practice while they are still in law school. She suggests ways in which practical skills relevant to a transactional business law practice can be incorporated into the doctrinal course in business associations or to a transactional skills course tethered to the business associations course. The author also includes a bibliography of selected literature on teaching business law and transactional law and selected studies on reform of legal education
Corporate Social Responsibility and the Multinational Enterprise
Full text linkIn this book review, the author critiques Levi’s Children: Coming to Terms with Human Rights in the Global Marketplace by Karl Schoenberger. Schoenberger depicts the struggle by Levi Strauss & Co. to abide by its principles regarding workers’ rights after its decision to relocate some manufacturing operations abroad, an effort that he concludes was ultimately unsuccessful. In exploring this topic, he discusses the human rights issues confronting Levi Strauss & Co. and other U.S. multinationals and the increasing pressure exerted by the public for such companies to operate in a socially responsible manner. Schoenberger’s primary contribution to the growing literature on corporate social responsibility lies in his emphasis on the need for an international solution involving greater voluntary cooperation between non-governmental organizations and multinationals. The author notes that there are some gaps in the book, including a lack of any legal analysis on such important topics as the type and nature of the barriers to integrating human rights concerns into the global operations of multinational enterprises, the means for eliminating such barriers and the consequences for business and society stemming from failure to bridge the gap between profit-making and social responsibility
Evolving Norms of Corporate Social Responsibility: Lessons Learned from the European Union Directive On Non-Financial Reporting
Full text linkThis article examines an important development in the field of corporate social responsibility, namely theadoption of a 2014 European Union Directive (“2014 EU Directive”) mandating non-financial reporting by certain large companies. Such disclosure has traditionally been provided by businesses on a voluntary basis, but the 2014 EU Directive reflects an emerging global trends toward mandatory reporting. Such trend emerged in response to the perceived low quantity and poor quality of information disclosed voluntarily onsocial and environmental topics of importance to corporate stakeholders. The author analyzes the history and development of policy and legislation on this issue both at the European Union level and within two Member States that have been leaders in the area of corporate social responsibility reporting, namely France and Denmark. Such analysis draws on literature from the fields of both law and business and is conducted within the larger frame of the global growth of non-financial reporting and the role that such reporting plays as a mechanism to enhance socially responsible behavior by business. An important feature of the 2014 EU Directive is its regulatory approach, which has been called a “smart mix approach” because it introduces an element of government regulation while still allowing businesses to make significant choices about disclosure on a voluntary basis. The author concludes that the 2014 EU Directive may result in a greater quantity ofdisclosure, but it may not be as successful in achieving the goal of improved quality of such reporting due to fundamental weaknesses in the regulatory approach and content of the 2014 EU Directive, as well as to thelack of preconditions in Member States needed for improved corporate transparency on social and environmental issues. The lessons from the European Union experience detailed in this article may prove useful for countries like the United States, where the development of non-financial reporting has lagged behind other countries
Corporate Social Responsibility of Multinational Enterprises and the International Business Law Curriculum
Full text linkThe author argues for expanded coverage of corporate social responsibility in the U.S. law school curriculum. Corporate social responsibility is of increasing importance for businesses, particularly for those companies that conduct multinational operations. Current national legal and regulatory regimes fail to adequately address the social and environmental issues that arise in business operations. As a result, intergovernmental organizations, non-governmental organizations and businesses have begun to promulgate voluntary codes ofconduct. These codes touch on such subjects as core labor standards, environmental protection, bribery offoreign government officials in international business and human rights. Examples include the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and the Global Compact. Businesses have also implemented corporate social responsibility programs as part of their best practices. In addition, there are emerging areas of legal liability involving CSR principles, such as those created under the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions, the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the U.S. Alien Tort Claims Act. Although such developments are significant for business, they are not adequately covered in U.S. law school courses on corporate law and international business transactions. As a consequence, U.S. law schools are not adequately preparing their graduates to counsel clients on emerging CSR norms and are neglecting their responsibility to educate students on one of the fundamental values of the legal profession, namely promoting justice, fairness and morality. The author suggests a framework for a corporate social responsibility course or seminar that might be included as part of the U.S. law school curriculum
In Search of Best Practices on Gender Equity for University Faculty: An Update
Full text linkThis article updates the author’s earlier work on the search for gender equity among women faculty in the university setting in the United States. The author reflects on the fact that some of the literature in this area does not sufficiently address the challenges facing women of color. She seeks to fill the gap in her own research by referencing best practices discussed in three recent books on the professional lives of university faculty who are women of color. She argues that future work on best practices for achieving gender equity must address issues of intersectionality of race, gender, and class in order to develop effective tools for change in the university setting. This article was prepared for the 2019 Norman Shachoy Symposium at Villanova Law School, which focused on “Gender Equity in Law Schools”
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In Search of Best Practices on Gender Equity for University Faculty: An Update
No full textThis article updates the author’s earlier work on the search for gender equity among women faculty in the university setting in the United States. The author reflects on the fact that some of the literature in this area does not sufficiently address the challenges facing women of color. She seeks to fill the gap in her own research by referencing best practices discussed in three recent books on the professional lives of university faculty who are women of color. She argues that future work on best practices for achieving gender equity must address issues of intersectionality of race, gender, and class in order to develop effective tools for change in the university setting. This article was prepared for the 2019 Norman Shachoy Symposium at Villanova Law School, which focused on “Gender Equity in Law Schools”
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