332,745 research outputs found
Automorphism groups of Wada dessins and Wilson operations
No full textDessins d'enfants (children's drawings) may be defined as hypermaps, i.e. as bipartite graphs embedded in compact Riemann surfaces. They are very important objects in order to describe the surface of the embedding as an algebraic curve. Knowing the combinatorial properties of the dessin may, in fact, help us determining defining equations or the field of definition of the surface. This task is easier if the automorphism group of the dessin is "large". In this thesis we consider a special type of dessins, so-called Wada dessins, for which the underlying graph illustrates the incidence structure of points and of hyperplanes of projective spaces. We determine under which conditions they have a large orientation-preserving automorphism group. We show that applying algebraic operations called "mock" Wilson operations to the underlying graph we may obtain new dessins. We study the automorphism group of the new dessins and we show that the dessins we started with are coverings of the new ones.Dessins d'enfants (Kinderzeichnungen) wurden zuerst von Grothendieck (1984) als Objekte eingeführt, die sehr einfach, aber sehr wichtig sind, um kompakte Riemannsche Flächen als glatte algebraische Kurven über einem Zahlenkörper zu beschreiben. Dessins d'enfants können durch ihre Walsh-Darstellung definiert werden und entsprechen bipartiten Graphen, die in Riemannschen Flächen eingebettet sind. Ein grundlegendes Problem ist es, wie man aus den kombinatorischen Eigenschaften des Dessins auf die algebraischen Eigenschaften der Fläche, wie z.B. auf definierende Gleichungen und auf den Definitionskörper, schließen kann. Die Aufgabe ist normalerweise sehr schwierig, aber sie ist einfacher, wenn die Automorphismengruppe des Dessins besonders "groß" ist. In dieser Arbeit beschäftigen wir uns mit einem speziellen Typ von Dessins, mit sogenannten Wada-Dessins. Der zugrundeliegende Graph stellt die Inzidenzstruktur von Punkten und von Hyperebenen projektiver Räume dar. Wir bestimmen, unter welchen Bedingungen die orientierungserhaltende Automorphismengruppe "groß" ist. Wir zeigen, daß sich neue Dessins aus den ursprünglichen konstruieren lassen, wenn wir auf dem zugrundeliegenden Graphen sogenannte "mock" Wilson-Operationen anwenden. Wir analysieren die Automorphismengruppe der neuen Dessins und zeigen, daß die ursprünglichen Dessins Überlagerungen der neuen Dessins sind
Chromatic dispersion monitoring and adaptive compensation using pilot symbols in an 8 x 12.5 Gbit/s all-optical OFDM system
No full textWe propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel technique for chromatic dispersion (CD) monitoring and adaptive compensation in an 8 x 12.5 Gbit/s all-optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (AO-OFDM) system by using two pilot symbols and a virtually imaged phased array (VIPA) for a tunable CD compensator. The two pilot symbols are added to the first and the last sub-channels of the OFDM signal, and their relative time delay is detected and used for CD estimation at the CD monitoring circuit. The monitored CD value is fed to VIPA for CD compensation. In the experiments, the relative time delay between the two pilot symbols was successfully observed, and the adaptive CD compensation drastically improved the bit-error-rate (BER) from over 10(-5) to under 10(-9). The estimated CD values showed less than 10 ps/nm difference from the values measured by a photonic dispersion analyzer, which is accurate enough since the AO-OFDM system can keep BER<10(-9) upto 20 ps/nm residual CD
Epilepsy surgery and wada test
No full textWada testi, ilaca dirençli epilepsilerde epilepsi cerrahisi öncesi değerlendirmede çeşitli amaçlarla kullanılan invazif bir tetkik yöntemidir. Bu amaçlardan en klasik olanı lisan açısından dominant hemisferi belirlemek ve postoperatif kalıcı lisan ve bellek kusuru olup olmayacağını yordamaktır. 1960’lardan beri oturmuş bir uygulama ve bu konuda altın standart haline gelmiş olmasına karşın, uygulaması çeşitli zorluklar ve riskler içermektedir ve merkezler arası farklılıklar göstermektedir. Günümüzdeki teknolojk gelişmeler, Wada testine alternatif olabilecek noninvazif yöntemlerin aranmasını hızlandırmıştır; ne var ki, bu yöntemlerin hiçbiri (işlevsel MRG dahil) henüz arzulanan tüm avantajlara sahip olmadıkları gibi, Wada testinin dezavantajlarının tümünden de arınmış değillerdir. Son elli yıldaki bilgi birikimi, temporal lob epilepsili olup cerrahi adayı olan her hastaya Wada testi uygulamanın gerekmediğine, öte yandan karar verme zorluğu olan hastalarda hala altın standart olmayı sürdürdüğüne işaret etmektedir. Bu makalede yazarlar, konunun güncel literatürdeki değerlendirmesinin bir özetinin yanısıra temporal lob epilepsinin cerrahi öncesi değerlendirmesinde Wada testi konusunda kendi deneyimlerinin özetini ve pratik uygulama önerilerini sunmaktadırlar.Wada test is an invasive procedure which can be used for several purposes in preoperative evaluation of drug resistant epilepsies. The most classical of these purposes is to determine the dominant hemisphere for language and predict the permanent postoperative language and memory deficits. Although it has been an established procedure and accepted as the gold standard in this aspect since 1960’s, performing the procedure is not easy and involves some risks and there are considerable procedural differences among the epilepsy centers. The recent technological advancements accelerated the search for noninvasive alternatives for the Wada test; yet however, none of these alternatives (including the functional MRI) includes all the desired advantages while being free of the disadvantages of the Wada test. The accumulated experiences in the last fifty years show that not all the surgery candidates with temporal lobe epilepsy require the Wada test, however it still remains as the gold standard when the desicion is not straightforward. The authors, besides giving an overview of the contemporary literature, review their own experiences and provide practical suggestions about the Wada test in the presurgical evaluation of the patients with temporal lobe epilepsy
Peltonotus suehirogarus Jameson and Wada 2004, n. sp.
No full text<i>Peltonotus suehirogarus</i> Jameson and Wada, n. sp. <p>(Figs. 63, 66)</p> <p>Type Material. Holotype female housed at WADA with following label data and mouthparts mounted beneath specimen: a) " Mt. Bawang West Kalimantan, BORNEO III 1990 " (typeface), b) "Kaoru WADA Col. No. 028­b?" (typeface and handwritten, yellow label), c) our holotype label. Paratype female at FUJI with following label data and mouthparts mounted beneath specimen: a) " Mt. Goram 900 m 15 km SW Kapit SARAWAK N. BORNEO MAY 1998. Tay Poo Min­leg." (typeface), b) " Fujioka­Collection Peltonotus­S­ 1" (typeface and handwritten, yellow label), c) our paratype label.</p> <p>Description. Holotype female. Length 16.9 mm. Widest width 8.5 mm. Color: Head, pronotum, scutellum, propygidium, pygidium, and venter black; elytra black with iridescent bloom. Head: Surface of frons with base sparsely punctate, disc moderately to densely punctate; punctures simple, lacking setae or multisetigerous; setae minute (1–7 per puncture). Surface of clypeus densely punctate; punctures simple, multisetigerous laterally; setae minute (1–7 per puncture) some short laterally (0–1 per puncture). Clypeus laterally weakly bowed, apex truncate, corners square, beaded; bead not weakly arcuate posteriorly. Labrum broadly narrowly emarginate at middle. Mandible with external edge rounded, inner apex with 2 teeth. Mentum with apical half rounded (e.g., Fig. 20), notched at middle; palpomere 2 dorsoventrally flattened, about 2.5 times width of palpomere 1, setose; setae dense, moderately long, rufous, weakly thickened, weakly curled at apex. Maxilla: mala with dense lamellate setal brush; stipes with setae dense, long, flattened at apex, weakly curled at apex; palpomere 2 with internomedial bump. Antennal club subequal to segments 2–7. Pronotum: Bead lacking anterior to scutellum. Surface moderately densely punctate; punctures simple, lacking setae. Lateral margin lacking long setae. Elytral sutural length: About 3.6 times length of scutellum. Elytra: Surface with 5 poorly developed, punctate, longitudinal striae between suture and humerus; punctures ocellate, moderate in size, moderately dense, multisetigerous apically; setae minute (1–7 per puncture). Intervals similarly sculptured. Epipleuron in ventral view expanded, deeply incised at sternite 4; in dorsal view expansion greatly developed (Fig. 63). Propygidium: Surface shagreened and moderately densely punctate (disc) to densely confluently punctate (laterally); punctures simple, unisetigerous or lacking setae; setae minute (0–1 per puncture), tawny. Pygidium: Surface densely punctate; punctures ocellate, multisetigerous or unisetigerous; setae minute (0–5 per puncture). Venter: Prosternal keel elongate; apex projecting anteriorly at about 90° with respect to ventral plane, produced to about 1/2 of protrochanter, rounded. Legs: Foreclaws 1/2 length of foretarsomere 5, claw angled toward venter. Meso– and metatibial claws weakly angled toward venter, about 3/4 length of metatarsomere 5.</p> <p>Paratype (1 female). Differs from the female holotype in the following respects. Length 18.0 mm. Widest width 8.9 mm. Head: Mandible with external edge rounded, inner apex worn (2 teeth not apparent). Elytra: Punctures lacking setae at apex.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species is known only from female specimens but is separated from its congeners by the following characteristics: labrum broadly narrowly emarginate; mandible with external edge rounded; mentum (e.g., Fig. 20) with apical half rounded, palpomere 2 dorsoventrally flattened, about 2.5 times width of palpomere 1, with weakly curled setae; maxilla with dense lamellate setal brush; stipes with setae dense, long, flattened at apex, weakly curled at apex; maxillary palpomere 2 with internomedial bump; epipleuron in ventral view expanded, deeply incised at sternite 4; in dorsal view expansion greatly developed (Fig. 63).</p> <p> Etymology. The specific epithet “ <i>suehirogarus</i> ” is taken from the Japanese word “suehirogari” which means “fan­shaped” and “to develop or prosper.” The specific epithet has double meaning. It refers to the dense lamellate brush on the maxilla of this species and it also refers to the growing collaboration between Japanese and American researchers that we hope will usher in a prosperous new era of scarab systematics research.</p> <p>Distribution (Fig. 66). Sarawak State, Bornean Malaysia and Boven Kapuas Mountains, West Kalimantan Province, Bornean Indonesia.</p> <p>Locality records (2 specimens) from WADA, FUJI.</p> <p>BORNEAN INDONESIA. West Kalimantan Province (1): Mt. Bawang.</p> <p>BORNEAN MALAYSIA. Sarawak State (1): Mt. Goram (15 km SW. Kapit).</p> <p>Temporal Data. March (1), May (1).</p> <p>Natural History. The species is recorded from 900 m elevation.</p>Published as part of <i>Jameson, Mary Liz & Wada, Kaoru, 2004, Revision of the genus Peltonotus Burmeister (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) from Southeastern Asia, pp. 1-66 in Zootaxa 502 (1)</i> on pages 46-47, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.502.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5030148">http://zenodo.org/record/5030148</a>
Peltonotus podocrassus Jameson and Wada 2004, n. sp.
No full textPeltonotus podocrassus Jameson and Wada, n. sp. (Figs. 23, 41a–c, 53, 65) Peltonotus peninsularis Miyake 2000: 113–115, 118. Miyake (2000) described ten new speciesgroup taxa. Article 16.4 (ICZN 1999) states that all species published after 1999 must be accompanied by: (1) the explicit fixation of a holotype or syntypes and (2) a statement of intent that specimens will be (or are) deposited in a collection. Peltonotus peninsularis is an unavailable name for two reasons. First, Miyake neglected to designate/denote a holotype or syntype (s) in his description. He did not include locality data or the number of specimens in the type series. Thus, the requirement of explicit fixation of a holotype or syntype is not fulfilled. Second, Miyake noted (2000: 105) that “the greater part of holotypes and paratypes, described in this paper are preserve (sic) in the Research Institute of Evolutionary Biology.” Although vague, this statement could be interpreted to fulfill the requirement of a statement of intent regarding the deposition of the type specimen. However, we were unable to locate the holotype for this taxon at RIEB; we found only seven paratypes. Thus, the requirement that a statement of type deposition is not fulfilled. Based on both of these oversights, the name is unavailable. Unavailable name. Type Material. Holotype male housed at UNSM with following label data, male genitalia and mouthparts mounted beneath specimen: a) "Gunong Jasar, Cameron Highland, 29 IV 1984 m" (handwritten, lightgreen label), b) "KAORU WADA COLLECTION" (typeface), c) " Collection of Mary Liz Jameson " (typeface), d) our holotype label. Allotype female housed at ZMHB with label data: a) " PERAK Kwala Kangsa" (typeface), b) "f" (typeface), c) " Peltonotus malayensis Arr. M. d. Type vergl. London 18.XII.35" (typeface and handwritten, Ohaus' blue homotype label), d) " Peltonotus malayensis, Arr. Compared with type G.J.A." (typeface and handwritten, Arrow's white homotype label), e) our allotype label. Four paratypes (3 males, 1 female) at WADA, UNSM, MLJC. Two paratypes (1 male, 1 female) in WADA collection with our paratype labels and with label data: a) "Cameron Highlands ()miles MALAYSIA. IV.1987 " (typeface and handwritten), b) "K. WADA Co1 No. 045" (typeface, yellow label). Two paratypes with identical data; 1 at MLJC and 1 at NSMT. Seven paratypes (3 male, 4 female) at RIEB with our paratype labels and with label data (all typeface): “Tanah Rata, Malaysia, 30III1976, Y. Miyake leg.” (1 male, 1 female), “Tanah Rata, Malaysia, 20III1976, Y. Miyake leg.” (1 female), “Tanah Rata, Malaysia, 1IV1984, Y. Miyake leg.” (2 female), “ 39 miles from Tapah, Malaysia, 30III1976, Y. Miyake leg.” (1 male), “V.R. (C.H.), Malaysia, 21III1978 ” (1 male). Description. Holotype male. Length 18.7 mm. Widest width 8.9 mm. Color: Head, pronotum, scutellum, pygidium, elytron, and venter castaneous. Elytra with weak iridescent bloom Head: Surface of frons with base impunctate (middle) to sparsely punctate (laterally), middle frons to apex moderately densely punctate; punctures simple, multisetigerous; setae minute (1–12+ per puncture) and moderately long adjacent to eye (0–1 per puncture). Surface of clypeus moderately densely punctate, more dense laterally; punctures simple, multisetigerous; setae minute (1–12+ per puncture) and short near margin (0– 1 per puncture). Clypeus laterally weakly bowed, apex truncate, corners square, beaded; bead not weakly arcuate posteriorly. Labrum broadly narrowly emarginate at middle. Mandible with external edge rounded, inner apex with 2 weak teeth. Mentum with apical half rounded (Fig. 23), notched at middle; palpomere 2 dorsoventrally flattened, about 3 times width of palpomere 1, setose; setae dense, moderately long, rufous, weakly thickened, not curled. Maxilla: mala with dense lamellate setal brush; stipes with setae dense, long, flattened at apex, not curled at apex; palpomere 2 with weak internomedial bump. Antennal club subequal to segments 2–7. Pronotum: Bead lacking anterior to scutellum. Surface moderately densely punctate; punctures simple, multisetigerous laterally; setae minute (1–7 per puncture) and short (0–1 per puncture). Lateral margin lacking long setae. Elytral sutural length: About 4.5 times length of scutellum. Elytra: Surface with 7 poorly developed, punctate, longitudinal striae between suture and humerus; punctures ocellate, moderate in size, moderately dense, multisetigerous apically and laterally; setae minute (1–20+ per puncture). Intervals similarly sculptured. Propygidium: Surface shagreened and moderately densely punctate; punctures simple, unisetigerous, with a transverse row near apex; setae short, rufous. Pygidium: Surface densely punctate; punctures ocellate, multisetigerous; setae minute (7–12+ per puncture) and short (0–1 per puncture). Venter: Prosternal keel elongate; apex projecting anteriorly at about 90° with respect to ventral plane, produced to about 3/4 of protrochanter, truncate. Legs: Foretibia of male bidentate; lateral margin with short, dense setae. Foretarsomere 5 subequal in length to tarsomeres 1–4, greatly thickened; foretarsomeres 3–4 with apices expanded, dorsal and ventral apices of tarsomeres 1–4 clothed with small patch of dense, short setae. Foreclaws of male with inner claw broadly curved, about 5 times thicker than outer claw; outer claw elongatearcuate, about 1/2 the length of inner claw; empodium bulbous at base. Meso and metatibial claws of male with 2 setae, claw angled toward venter, about 3/4 length of metatarsomere 5. Metatibia of male with apical spurs weakly curved; ventral spur produced to middle of metatarsomere 1, dorsal spur produced to apex of metatarsomere 1. Parameres: Fig. 41a–c. Allotype Female. Differs from the holotype in the following respects. Length 17.6 mm. Widest width 8.9 mm. Color: Head, pronotum, scutellum, propygidium, pygidium, and venter black; elytra black with iridescent bloom. Head: Surface of frons with setae minute (1–12+ per puncture). Surface of clypeus with setae minute (1–12+ per puncture). Pronotum: Punctures lacking setae. Elytron: Epipleuron of female in ventral view expanded, broadly incised at sternite 4; in dorsal view expansion welldeveloped (Fig. 53). Legs: Foreclaws 1/2 length of foretarsomere 5, claw angled toward venter. Paratypes (6 males, 5 females). Differ from the holotype and allotype in the following respects. Length 16.3–17.4 mm. Widest width 8.2–8.3 mm. Leg: Metatibial ventral spur produced to middle of metatarsomere 1, dorsal spur produced to middle of metatarsomere 1. Etymology. The specific epithet “ podocrassus ” refers to the greatly enlarged fifth foretarsomere in the male (podus = foot, crassus = stout, thick). This is compared with males of P. gracilipodus, the sister species, in which the males have a slender fifth foretarsomere. Diagnosis. Males of P. podocrassus are easily separated from other species of Peltonotus based on the metatibial spur that is subequal or slightly longer than metatarsomere 1 (the metatibial spur is usually subequal in length to metatarsomeres 1–2). Peltonotus podocrassus closely resembles P. sisyrus and P. gracilipodus. Peltonotus podocrassus differs from P. gracilipodus by the form of the fifth foretarsomere in the male (robust in P. podocrassus, slender in P. gracilipodus), palpomere 2 of the mentum that lacks curled setae, and palpomere 2 of mala that lacks curled setae. Peltonotus podocrassus differs from P. sisyrus based on the rounded apex of the mentum (triangular in P. sisyrus) and the length of the metatibial spur (subequal to metatarsomeres 1–2). Distribution (Fig. 65). Peninsular Malaysia. Locality records (13 specimens) from WADA, MLJC, ZMHB, RIEB. PENINSULAR MALAYSIA. Perak State (1): Kwala Kangsa. Pahang State (11): Cameron Highlands, Gunong Jasar, Tanah Rata, Tapah (39 mi from). No Data (1). Temporal Data. March (5), April (7). Remarks. In addition to neglecting to fulfill the requirements for speciesgroup names in Article 16.4 (ICZN 1999; see above), Miyake’s (2000) invalid description of P. peninsularis did not include locality data and did not indicate the number of specimens in the type series. Because other descriptions of new species in Miyike’s publication fulfilled the requirements of Article 16.4, we believe that it was simply an oversight in the case of P. peninsularis.Published as part of Jameson, Mary Liz & Wada, Kaoru, 2004, Revision of the genus Peltonotus Burmeister (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) from Southeastern Asia, pp. 1-66 in Zootaxa 502 (1) on pages 34-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.502.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/503014
Demonstration of optical packet switching system with 8 x 12.5 Gb/s all-optical OFDM and SOA switch
No full textLanguage lateralization using fRM: Preliminary report and correlation with the Wada test
No full textFunctional magnetic resonance (fMR) is an acknowledged tool for studying cortical areas involved in motorial, sensitive, sensorial as well cognitive functions. This is possible on account of signal changes arising in the cerebral cortex where modification in blood flow and oxygenation take place passing from activated to the resting state (BOLDc). Wada test represent, up to now, the gold standard for measuring language lateralization. Purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of fMR as an alternative tool to the Wada test for correctly assess language lateralization
Chromatic dispersion monitoring and adaptive compensation in an 8 x 12.5 G/s all-optical OFDM system
No full textDemonstration of no-guard-interval 6 x 25 Gbit/s all-optical Nyquist WDM system for flexible optical networks by using CS-RZ signal and optical Nyquist filtering
No full textDemonstration of a 8x12.5 Gbit/s all-optical OFDM system with an arrayed waveguide grating and waveform reshaper
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