1,720,994 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Approche écologique de la malacofaune d'un milieu anthropisé : le « parc des Beaumonts » à Montreuil (Seine-Saint-Denis, France)
No full textInternational audienceIn the Natura 2000 site of Beaumonts Park (Mon-treuil, Seine-Saint-Denis), located 6 km east of Paris, hand-collecting and litter sampling has been undertaken in order to study land and freshwater molluscs. This park provides a good example of a highly modified environment in which the effects of disturbance on the land snail fauna can be studied. The main aim of this study is to provide more complete inventories and to document the species of snails and slugs from Seine-Saint-Denis. Altogether 43 molluscan taxa were recovered in the park, of which 9 were freshwater species. The assemblages were classified into the ecological groups commonly used in palaeoecological research to characterize the nature of the different environments. Five ecological groups are recognizable in each litter sample but they occur in different proportions, depending on the extent of human disturbance. Although some woodland or xerophilous species are restricted to their preferential environment, human disturbance gives rise to the homogenization of the fauna where highly adaptable species have an advantage over others. Human impact is also illustrated by the presence of introduced species such as Helix lu-corum. These elements provide a perspective on the relatively high biodiversity suggested by the species list.Des recherches à vue et des prélèvements volumiques ont été effectués sur le site Natura 2000 du parc des Beaumonts (Montreuil, Seine-Saint-Denis) afin d'étudier sa faune de mollusques continentaux. Situé dans une commune à 6 km du centre de Paris, ce parc permet d'étudier la mala-cofaune d'un espace anthropisé. L'objectif principal de l'étude est de compléter les inventaires partiels précédemment effec-tuées et documenter les espèces du département de la Seine-Saint-Denis. Au total 43 taxons dont 9 d'eau douce sont recon-nus dans le parc. Le second objectif est de mettre en oeuvre une approche écologique. L'analyse des données des prélèvements volumiques à partir des groupes écologiques a permis d'appréhender la malacofaune sous un aspect qualitatif et quantitatif. Les cinq groupes écologiques sont présents dans chacun des prélèvements mais dans des proportions diffé-rentes. Les résultats montrent l'impact de l'anthropisation sur les populations malacologiques. Bien que certaines espèces forestières ou xérothermiques se cantonnent à leur milieu préfé-rentiel, l'anthropisation donne lieu à un effet de d'homogénéisation des faunes où les espèces à forte capacité d'adaptation sont favorisées. L'impact de l'homme est égale-ment illustré par la présence d'espèces introduites telles qu' Helix lucorum. Ces éléments relativisent la forte biodiversi-té apparente suggérée par la liste d'espèces. Mots clés : biodiversité en ville, escargots, synanthropiques, malacofaune, Montreuil, groupe écologique
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Relationships between paleoenvironments, climates and societies over the last 10000 years on the western Mediterranean coast : the malacological approach
No full textLes milieux méditerranéens sont des écosystèmes fragiles dont l’histoire environnementale holocène est étroitement liée à l’homme et au climat. Au cours de l’Holocène, les paysages végétaux du bassin méditerranéens ont subi de profondes modifications par le développement des sociétés agropastorales et l’aridification progressive du climat. L’évolution postglaciaire des environnements, des climats et des sociétés implique des mécanismes complexes et imbriqués qui opèrent à différentes échelles spatio-temporelles. Dans le cadre de ce travail, le nord-est du Maroc (Aït Said ou Idder, Oued Charef), l’Andalousie (vallée de Galera), et la Provence (Le Jonquier, Pont-de-Joux) constituent les trois zones d’études définies qui sont abordées selon une approche multi-scalaire. La reconstitution des paléoenvironnements contemporains des formations de tuf s’appuie sur l’analyse des malacofaunes qui sont particulièrement riches et bien conservées dans ce type de dépôt. A l’échelle de chacun des sites, l’étude des assemblages malacologiques a permis de restituer l’histoire environnementale de la première moitié de l’Holocène moyen. Au Maroc (Oued Charef) et en Espagne (Galera) un enregistrement de l’Holocène ancien et de sa transition avec l’Holocène moyen a également été obtenu. Au Maroc et en Andalousie les schémas d’évolution paléoenvironnementale sont similaires entre eux et sont cohérents avec les archives régionales. Ils indiquent un continuum environnemental humide à la fin de l’Holocène ancien, puis des conditions plus humides qui perdurent pendant la première moitié de l’Holocène moyen. Entre 6000 et 5000 cal. BP, des indices d’ouverture des milieux et de conditions plus sèches sont enregistrés. En revanche, en Provence, le schéma d’évolution paléoenvironnementale est plus contrasté et suggère plusieurs épisodes d’ouverture des milieux (Le Jonquier) et une période humide qui succède à une phase avec des habitats plus ouverts (Pont-de-Joux). La discussion des données malacologiques dans leur contexte régional a permis d’apporter des éléments pour tenter de caractériser le signal anthropique en Provence. A l’échelle du transect d’étude, les résultats mettent en évidence deux grands ensembles distincts : l’un méridional (Andalousie & Maroc) caractérisé par des cortèges de taxons xérophiles riches en espèces endémiques et l’autre septentrional (Provence) où les populations malacologiques comptent un ensemble de taxons de milieu plus ombragé. Les données provenant du Maroc et d’Espagne offrent un point de vue rétrospectif pertinent pour explorer l’évolution paléobiogéographique des mollusques et proposer des arguments sur la vulnérabilité actuelle de certains taxons.Mediterranean environments are sensitive ecosystems whose Holocene environmental history is closely linked to man-climate interactions. During the Holocene, the Mediterranean basin landscapes underwent significant changes as a result of the development of agro-pastoral societies and the gradual aridification of the climate. The post-glacial evolution of environments, climates and societies involves complex, interlinked mechanisms operating at different spatio-temporal scales. Three areas have been studied in this thesis, using a multi-scalar approach: north-eastern Morocco (Aït Said or Idder, Oued Charef), Andalusia (Galera valley) and Provence (Le Jonquier, Pont-de-Joux). The reconstruction of palaeoenvironments is based on the analysis of malacofauna within calcareous tufas, which are particularly rich and well preserved in this type of deposit. At the site scale, the study of malacological assemblages enables to reconstruct the environmental history of the first half of the Middle Holocene. In addition, in Morocco (Oued Charef) and Spain (Galera), a record of the Early Holocene and its transition to the Middle Holocene was also obtained. In Morocco and Andalusia, palaeoenvironmental evolution schemes are similar to each other and are consistent with the regional archives. They indicate an environmental humid continuum at the end of the Early Holocene, followed by wetter conditions that persisted during the first half of the Middle Holocene. Between 6,000 and 5,000 cal BP, an opening up of the environment and drier conditions are demonstrated. However, in Provence, the paleoenvironmental evolution is more complex, suggesting several episodes of open environments (Le Jonquier) and a wet period that followed a phase with more open habitats (Pont-de-Joux). Discussion of the malacological data in their regional context has provided basis to characterise the anthropogenic influence in Provence. At the scale of the study transect, the results highlight two distinct groups: one in the south (Andalusia & Morocco) characterised by xerophilous taxa rich in endemic species, and the other in the north (Provence) where the molluscan population includes a group of taxa from shadier environments. The data from Morocco and Spain provide a relevant retrospective viewpoint from which to explore the palaeobiogeographical evolution of molluscs and to provide arguments on to the current vulnerability of certain taxa
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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