19,643 research outputs found
Randomness Extractors in AC⁰ and NC¹: Optimal up to Constant Factors
No full textWe study randomness extractors in AC⁰ and NC¹. For the AC⁰ setting, we give a logspace-uniform construction such that for every k ≥ n/poly log n, ε ≥ 2^{-poly log n}, it can extract from an arbitrary (n, k) source, with a small constant fraction entropy loss, and the seed length is O(log n/(ε)). The seed length and output length are optimal up to constant factors matching the parameters of the best polynomial time construction such as [Guruswami et al., 2009]. The range of k and ε almost meets the lower bound in [Goldreich et al., 2015] and [Cheng and Li, 2018]. We also generalize the main lower bound of [Goldreich et al., 2015] for extractors in AC⁰, showing that when k < n/poly log n, even strong dispersers do not exist in non-uniform AC⁰. For the NC¹ setting, we also give a logspace-uniform extractor construction with seed length O(log n/(ε)) and a small constant fraction entropy loss in the output. It works for every k ≥ O(log² n), ε ≥ 2^{-O(√k)}.
Our main techniques include a new error reduction process and a new output stretch process, based on low-depth circuit implementations for mergers, condensers, and somewhere extractors
Gamma-irradiation effect on electrical properties of SiO2 gate dielectric of MOS structure
No full textThe total dose effect of 60Co gamma-irradiation on MOS (metal-oxide-semiconductor) structure of Al/SiO2/p-Si with different insulation layer thickness has been investigated in this article. MOS capacitors with oxide layer thickness of 5nm/19nm/29nm and electrode area of 1mm 2 were prepared using thermal oxidation method. Each structure was stressed with no bias during 60Co gamma-source irradiation with the total dose of 100k/500k/1Mrad. The low and high frequency C-V characteristic of each structure was measured at room temperature before and after gamma-irradiation. Besides of the electric properties, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) with Ar+ etching were also measured before and after different total dose gamma-irradiation. AFM results showed that the surface of the oxide was relatively smooth with the roughness under 5%. Low and high frequency C-V results indicated that the interfacial states between Si and SiO2 and oxide traps varied with insulation layer thickness and different total dose. On the other hand, the XRD property change under gamma irradiation differs with oxide layer thickness. And the Si 2p peak and O 1s peak result derived from the XPS drifted with different total dose and oxide layer thickness. These results offered necessary theory assistance for the nuclear hardening of the microelectronic devices with ultrathin insulation layer, which can advance the safety of weapons in the high-tech warfare. © 2012 IEEE
Block Edit Errors with Transpositions: Deterministic Document Exchange Protocols and Almost Optimal Binary Codes
No full textDocument exchange and error correcting codes are two fundamental problems regarding communications. In the first problem, Alice and Bob each holds a string, and the goal is for Alice to send a short sketch to Bob, so that Bob can recover Alice’s string. In the second problem, Alice sends a message with some redundant information to Bob through a channel that can add adversarial errors, and the goal is for Bob to correctly recover the message despite the errors. In both problems, an upper bound is placed on the number of errors between the two strings or that the channel can add, and a major goal is to minimize the size of the sketch or the redundant information. In this paper we focus on deterministic document exchange protocols and binary error correcting codes.
Both problems have been studied extensively. In the case of Hamming errors (i.e., bit substitutions) and bit erasures, we have explicit constructions with asymptotically optimal parameters. However, other error types are still rather poorly understood. In a recent work [Kuan Cheng et al., 2018], the authors constructed explicit deterministic document exchange protocols and binary error correcting codes for edit errors with almost optimal parameters. Unfortunately, the constructions in [Kuan Cheng et al., 2018] do not work for other common errors such as block transpositions.
In this paper, we generalize the constructions in [Kuan Cheng et al., 2018] to handle a much larger class of errors. These include bursts of insertions and deletions, as well as block transpositions. Specifically, we consider document exchange and error correcting codes where the total number of block insertions, block deletions, and block transpositions is at most k <= alpha n/log n for some constant 0<alpha<1. In addition, the total number of bits inserted and deleted by the first two kinds of operations is at most t <= beta n for some constant 0<beta<1, where n is the length of Alice’s string or message. We construct explicit, deterministic document exchange protocols with sketch size O((k log n +t) log^2 n/{k log n + t}) and explicit binary error correcting code with O(k log n log log log n+t) redundant bits. As a comparison, the information-theoretic optimum for both problems is Theta(k log n+t). As far as we know, previously there are no known explicit deterministic document exchange protocols in this case, and the best known binary code needs Omega(n) redundant bits even to correct just one block transposition [L. J. Schulman and D. Zuckerman, 1999]
Irradiation effect of HfO2 MOS structure under gamma-ray
No full textthe effect of gamma irradiation upon Al/HfO2/SiO2/Si MOS structure under different doses of Co-60 is studied in this article as a function of total dosage. MOS capacitors with a stacked gate dielectric of 2.8nm thick SiO2 and 15nm thick HfO2 having electrode areas of 1mm*1mm are prepared on the p-Si substrate using thermal oxidation and atomic layer deposition respectively. The MOS capacitors are under zero bias during irradiation under Co-60 gamma ray with total dose of 100Krad (Si)/500Krad (Si)/1Mrad (Si) and dose rate of 50rad (Si)/s. The high frequency Capacitor-Voltage (C-V) and Current-Voltage (I-V) characteristic of each structure are measured at room temperature before and after irradiation. As well as the C-V and I-V property, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction (GIXRD), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) are also applied to determine the surface morphology, physical, and mechanical properties before and after different doses of radiation. The oxide trapped charge calculated from the high frequency C-V measurement is in the order of 10(12) cm(-2) and increases linearly with the increase of applied total dose. The XRD spectrum exhibits several phases of SiO2 and HfO2 variation under each total dose. The XPS result shows that each different total dosage leads to the binding energy peak drifting to a different degree demonstrating the influence of irradiation on the valence state of the elements, which can be attributed to the gamma-ray induced interface states
Periphyllus blackmani Li & Wu & Cheng & Liu & Huang 2022, sp. nov.
No full textPeriphyllus blackmani Li & Huang sp. nov. (Figs. 3–4, 7 & Table S2) Apterous viviparous female (n=27). Body dark green, covered with numerous pointed setae in life. Black dorsal spots on abdominal tergites interconnected to the head and cauda (Fig. 7C). Mounted specimens: Body oval (Fig. 3A), 2.33–3.59 mm long, 1.67–2.14 times as long as its width. Antennal segments I-II and V-VI, distal 1/2 of antennal segments III-IV, distal ends of middle and hind femur, middle and hind tibiae dark brown; dorsum of head and thorax, eyes, apex of rostrum, the femur of front legs, cauda and siphunculi brown; remaining parts of rostrum and other parts of body pale brown. Dorsum of abdomen with brown and variably-shaped sclerites (Fig. 3C). Abdominal tergites I-VII each with 1 pair of marginal sclerites and 1 pair of spinal sclerites; tergite VIII with 1 pair of marginal sclerites and 2 pairs spinal sclerites; pleural sclerites small and irregularly placed on each tergite. Dorsal setae of body long and pointed. Dorsum of head with 11–18 setae, up to 0.27 mm long; abdominal setae 0.07–0.27 mm long, spinal sclerites with 1–3 setae, pleural sclerites with 1 seta, marginal sclerites with 7–15 setae. Head. Frons flat and straight, eyes with numerous facets (Fig. 3B). Antennae 6-segmented (Fig. 3D), long, with imbrications on segments III-VI, 0.5–0.73 times as long as body. Processus terminalis 1.85–2.58 times as long as basal part of the last antennal segment; other antennal ratios: VI: III 0.54–0.89, V: III 0.33–0.56, IV: III 0.34–0.57. Segment I with 6–10 setae, segment II with 3–7 setae, segment III with 20–56 setae, segment IV with 8–17 setae, segment V with 8–14 setae, base of segment VI with 3–5 setae, processus terminalis with 2–4 apical setae. The setae of antenna fine and pointed, up to 0.18 mm long. Length of longest seta on segment III 3–3.6 times as long as basal articular diameter of the segment. Rostrum reaching over middle coxae. Apical segment of rostrum with 6–11 setae (Fig. 3E), 0.16–0.36 times as long as antennal segment III, 0.75–1.15 times as long as second hind tarsal segment. The full length of processus terminalis of 6th antennal segment arrays annular secondary sensoria. Thorax. Legs normal and setose. Hind tibiae bearing pointed, long and rigid setae, which are 0.07–0.22 mm long. Distal part of hind tibiae with few rows of stout spinules. Hind tibiae 0.38–0.59 times as long as body. First tarsal chaetotaxy: 5, 5, 5, sometimes 4, 5, 5, or 4, 4, 5. Second hind tarsal segment with 9–13 setae and 0.19–0.39 times as long as antennal segment III (Fig. 3H). Abdomen. Siphunculi 0.08–0.15 mm long, with 2–4 rows of subapical reticulations and slightly flared apex, widest diameter 2.33–4.4 times as long as basal diameter of antennal segment III (Fig. 3F). Cauda broadly rounded, 0.3–0.55 times as long as its basal width, with 27–54 long and short setae (Fig. 3G). Alate viviparous female (n=13). Body dark green or black, eyes dark red, cover with numerous pointed setae, dark dorsal cross-bars on abdominal tergites in life (Fig. 7D). Mounted specimens: Body elongated (Fig. 4A), 2.22–3.69 mm long, 2.04–2.71 times as long as its width. Dorsum of head and thorax, antennal segments I-II and distal 1/2 of antennal segments III-IV, coxae, distal 2/3 of hind femora, most of tibiae and siphunculi dark brown; basal 1/2 of antennal segments III-IV, antennal segments V-VI, apex of ultimate rostral segment, wing veins, basal 1/3 of hind femora and second tarsal segments brown; remaining parts of antennae and leg, cauda and other parts slightly paler. Dorsal head and thorax sclerotized, abdominal tergites cover with large fused spinal sclerites and oval marginal sclerites, pleural sclerites small and irregular placed. Tergites I-VIII each with 1 spinal band and 1 pair of marginal sclerites. Dorsal setae of body long and pointed. Head with 12–18 dorsal setae, up to 0.23 mm long; abdominal setae 0.08–0.25 mm long, spinal sclerites with 9–23 setae, pleural sclerites with 1 seta, marginal sclerites with 7–14 setae (Fig. 4C). Head. Frons flat, eyes with numerous facets (Fig. 4B). Antennae 6-segmented (Fig. 4D), long, with sparse imbrications on segments III – VI, 0.59–0.74 times as long as body. Processus terminalis 1.86–2.58 times as long as base of the segment VI; other antennal ratios: VI: III 0.53–0.65, V: III 0.37–0.45, IV: III 0.42–0.52. Segment I with 8–11 setae, segment II with 3–6 setae, segment III with 27–37 setae, segment IV with 9–15 setae, segment V with 9–13 setae, base of segment VI with 3–5 setae, processus terminalis with 2–4 apical setae. Antennal setae long and pointed, up to 0.17 mm long. Longest seta on segments III 2.83–3.4 times as long as basal articular diameter of the segment. Segment VI always bears a cluster of accessory sensoria. Segment V bears 1–2 primary sensorium. Segment III with 32–48 secondary rhinaria (Fig. 4E). Rostrum reaching middle coxae. Apical segment of rostrum with 7–10 accessory setae (Fig. 4G), 0.18–0.22 times as long as antennal segment III, 0.81–1.23 times as long as second hind tarsal segment. Thorax. Leg normal and setose. Hind femora and tibiae bearing pointed, long and stout setae, which are 0.06– 0.23 mm long. Distal part of hind tibiae with few rows of stout spinules. Hind tibiae 0.48–0.58 time as long as body. First tarsal chaetotaxy: 5, 5, 5, sometimes 5, 4, 5, or 5, 4, 6. Second hind tarsal segment with 9–12 setae and 0.16–0.25 times as long as antennal segment III (Fig. 4J). Fore wings typical, with normal venation (Fig. 4F). Abdomen. Siphunculi 0.09–0.14 mm long, with 6–14 rows of reticulations in apical part and well-developed flange, widest diameter 2.6–3.5 times as long as basal diameter of antennal segment III (Fig. 4H). Cauda broadly rounded, 0.31–0.5 times as long as its basal width, with 37–51 long and short setae (Fig. 4I). Type material. Holotype: apterous viviparous female, Fuzhou, Fujian province, China, on K. paniculate, 26.III.2021, Qiang Li [20210326-1-10] (FAFU). Paratypes: 13 apterous viviparous females, Fuzhou, Fujian province, China, on K. paniculate, 26. III.2021, Qiang Li [20210326-1-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13,14]; 7 alate viviparous females, Fuzhou, Fujian province, China, on K. paniculate, 26. III.2021, Qiang Li [20210326-1-15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21]; 2 apterous viviparous females, Fuzhou, Fujian province, China, on K. bipinnata, 11.IV.2016, Xiaolei Huang [20160411-10-1, 2]; 2 apterous viviparous females, Fuzhou, Fujian province, China, on K. bipinnata, 9. V.2016, Xiaolei Huang [20160509-8-1, 2]; 1 apterous viviparous females, Fuzhou, Fujian province, China, on K. bipinnata, 18. III.2017, Xiaolei Huang [20170318-2-1]; 2 apterous viviparous females, Fuzhou, Fujian province, China, on K. bipinnata, 28. III.2017, Xiaolei Huang [20170328-14-1, 2]; 6 apterous viviparous females, Nanchang, Jiangxi province, China, on K. paniculate, 2.IV.2016, Xiaolei Huang [20160402-1-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]; 6 alate viviparous females, Nanchang, Jiangxi province, China, on K. paniculate, 14.v.2021, Qiang Li [20210514-5-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] (FAFU). Distribution. China: Fujian province, Jiangxi province. Biology. The new species lives on the underside of leaves and young branches of K. paniculate and K. bipinnata (Fig. 7C, D). The species is endemic to subtropical humid areas of eastern and southeastern China. Etymology. The species name is in honor of the late Dr. Roger Blackman for his tremendous contribution to the knowledge of the world aphid fauna. His “Aphids on the World’s Plants” books co-authored with Dr. Victor Eastop and the constantly updated Aphids on the World’s Plants website (http://www.aphidsonworldsplants.info/) are classic references for entomologists. Remarks. Molecular diagnosis: nucleotides 312 G, 492 T, 594-595 CT. The new species is similar to P. koelreuteriae in BL, Ant I, Ant II, Ant III, Ant III W, Ant L, Cauda BW, but differs from P. koelreuteriae in BW, ARS, Ant IV, Ant V, Ant VI BL, Ant VI PT, Ant VI, HFEM, HTIB, HT II, SIPH, SHIP WD, reticulations, Cauda L. In addition, this new species is mainly distributed in the subtropical humid areas and can feed on both K. paniculate and K. bipinnata.Published as part of Li, Qiang, Wu, Liying, Cheng, Zhentao, Liu, Zhixiang & Huang, Xiaolei, 2022, Two new cryptic species within Periphyllus koelreuteriae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) feeding on Koelreuteria (Sapindaceae) in China, pp. 220-238 in Zootaxa 5183 (1) on pages 225-228, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5183.1.17, http://zenodo.org/record/707014
Periphyllus guangxuei Li & Wu & Cheng & Liu & Huang 2022, sp. nov.
No full textPeriphyllus guangxuei Li & Huang sp. nov. (Figs. 5–6, 7 & Table S2) Apterous viviparous female (n=8). Body light green, relatively smaller dark brown dorsal spot extending from the head to abdominal tergites in life (Fig. 7E). Mounted specimens: Body oval (Fig. 5A), 2.07–2.68 mm long, 1.86–2.17 times as long as its width. Distal 1/2 of antennal segments V, base of the segment VI, distal 1/2 of hind tibiae, second hind tarsal segment, siphunculi and apex of ultimate rostral segment dark brown; dorsum of head and thorax, antennal segments I-IV, basal 1/2 of antennal segments V and remaining part of leg brown; cauda and other part of body pale brown. Pale brown sclerites on abdomen always present (Fig. 5C). Abdominal tergites I-VIII each with 1pair of marginal sclerites and 1 spinal sclerites, pleural sclerites small and irregularly placed on each tergite. Setae on body dorsum stout and pointed. Dorsum of head with 10–12 setae, up to 0.2 mm long; abdominal setae 0.07–0.24 mm long, spinal sclerites with 2–7 setae, pleural sclerites with 1–2 setae, marginal sclerites with 7–12 setae. Head. Frons flat, eyes with numerous facets (Fig. 5B). Antennae 6-segmented (Fig. 5D), long, with imbrications on segments III-VI, 0.54–0.68 times as long as body. Processus terminalis 2–2.9 times as long as basal part of the last antennal segment; other antennal ratios: VI: III 0.73–1.22, V: III 0.42–0.56, IV: III 0.44–0.59. Segment I with 5–8 setae, segment II with 3–4 setae, segment III with 14–25 setae, segment IV with 7–11 setae, segment V with 5–10 setae, base of segment VI with 2–4 setae, processus terminalis with 4 apical setae. The setae of antenna fine and pointed, up to 0.13 mm long. Length of longest seta on segment III 3.6–4.5 times as long as basal articular diameter of the segment. Rostrum reaching over middle coxae (Fig. 5E). Apical segment of rostrum with 7–8 setae, 0.2–3.4 times as long as antennal segment III, 0.77–1 times as long as second hind tarsal segment. The full length of processus terminalis of 6th antennal segment arrays annular secondary sensoria. Thorax. Legs normal and setose. Hind tibiae bearing pointed, long and rigid setae, which are 0.07–0.16 mm long. Distal part of hind tibiae with few rows of stout spinules. Hind tibiae 0.36–0.51 times as long as body. First tarsal chaetotaxy: 5, 5, 5, sometimes 4, 5, 5 (Fig. 5H). Second hind tarsal segment with 10–12 setae and 0.22–0.34 times as long as antennal segment III. Abdomen. Siphunculi 0.1–0.15 mm long, with 1–2 rows of subapical reticulations and slightly flared apex, widest diameter 3.25–5 times as long as basal diameter of antennal segment III (Fig. 5F). Cauda broadly rounded, 0.39–0.62 times as long as its basal width, with 34–38 long and short setae (Fig. 5G). Alate viviparous female (n=11). Body black with broad dark dorsal abdominal cross bars scarcely separated between segments, cover with numerous pointed setae in life (Fig. 7F). Mounted specimens: Body elongated (Fig. 6A), 2.26–2.6 mm long, 2.35–2.98 times as long as its width. Dorsum of head and thorax, distal 1/2 of hind femora, tibiae and siphunculi dark brown; antennal segments I-II, distal 1/2 of antennal segments III-IV, antennal segment V-VI, wing veins, distal 1/2 of front and middle femora, apex of ultimate rostral segment brown; remaining part of rostrum and leg, cauda and other part of body pale brown. Dorsal head and thorax sclerotized, abdominal tergites cover with large fused spinal sclerites and oval marginal sclerites, pleural sclerites small and irregular placed (Fig. 6C). Tergites I-V each with 1 spinal band and 1 pair of marginal sclerites; Tergites VI and VII each with 2 spinal band and 1 pair of marginal sclerites; tergite VIII with 1 spinal sclerites. Dorsal setae of body long and pointed. Head with 10–11 dorsal setae, up to 0.2 mm long; abdominal setae 0.08–0.22 mm long, spinal sclerites with 10–21 setae, pleural sclerites with 1 seta, marginal sclerites with 6–11 setae. Head. Frons flat, eyes with numerous facets (Fig. 6B). Antennae 6-segmented (Fig. 6D), long, with sparse imbrications on segments III-VI, 0.66–0.76 times as long as body. Processus terminalis 2.5–3.5 times as long as base of the segment VI; other antennal ratios: VI: III 0.68–0.82, V: III 0.41–0.52, IV: III 0.41–0.5. Segment I with 6–9 setae, segment II with 3–4 setae, segment III with 17–23 setae, segment IV with 6–10 setae, segment V with 6–10 setae, base of segment VI with 2 setae, processus terminalis with 4 apical setae. Antennal setae long and pointed, up to 0.13 mm long. Longest seta on segments III 2.6–3.25 times as long as basal articular diameter of the segment. Segment VI always bears a cluster of accessory sensoria. Segment V bears 1–2 primary sensorium. Segment III with 29–37 secondary rhinaria (Fig. 6E). Rostrum reaching middle coxae. Apical segment of rostrum with 7–9 accessory setae (Fig. 6G), 0.17–0.2 times as long as antennal segment III, 0.77–0.85 times as long as second hind tarsal segment. Thorax. Leg normal and setose. Hind femora and tibiae bearing pointed, long and stout setae, which are 0.08– 0.15 mm long. Distal part of hind tibiae with few rows of stout spinules. Hind tibiae 0.48–0.55 time as long as body. First tarsal chaetotaxy: 5, 5, 5, sometimes 4, 5, 5. Second hind tarsal segment with 9–12 setae (Fig. 6J) and 0.2–0.24 times as long as antennal segment III. Fore wings typical, with normal venation (Fig. 6F). Abdomen. Siphunculi 0.07–0.14 mm long, with 8–12 rows of reticulations in apical part and well-developed flange, widest diameter 2–4.75 times as long as basal diameter of antennal segment III (Fig. 6H). Cauda broadly rounded, 0.38–0.55 times as long as its basal width, with 34–48 long and short setae (Fig. 6I). Type material. Holotype: apterous viviparous female, Kunming, Yunnan province, China, on K. bipinnata, 25.V.2021, Qiang Li [20210525-3-1] (FAFU) . Paratypes: 4 apterous viviparous females, Kunming, Yunnan province, China, on K. bipinnata, 10.X.2017, Zhixiang Liu [HLY-8-12, 13, 14, 15]; 3 apterous viviparous females, Kunming, Yunnan province, China, on K. bipinnata, 25. V.2021, Qiang Li [20210525-3-2, 3, 4]; 11 alate viviparous females, Kunming, Yunnan province, China, on K. bipinnata, 10.X.2017, Zhixiang Liu [HLY-8-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11] (FAFU). Distribution. China: Yunnan province (Kunming). Biology. The new species is exclusively associated with K. bipinnata and feeds on the underside of leaves and young branches. The species is endemic to subtropical highland region in Yunnan of southwest China. Etymology. The species name is in honor of Prof. Guangxue Zhang for his great contribution to the knowledge of aphid fauna and the development of aphid research in China. Remarks. Molecular diagnosis: nucleotides 312 C, 492 A, 594-595 TC. The new species is similar to P. koelreuteriae in Ant VI, Cauda L, but there are significant differences in morphometry, especially BL, BW, ARS, Ant I, Ant II, Ant III, Ant III W, Ant IV, Ant V, Ant VI BL, Ant VI PT, Ant L, HFEM, HTIB, HT II, SIPH, SHIP WD, reticulations, Cauda BW. This new species is exclusively feeds on K. bipinnata and mainly distributed in the subtropical highland region of southwest China.Published as part of Li, Qiang, Wu, Liying, Cheng, Zhentao, Liu, Zhixiang & Huang, Xiaolei, 2022, Two new cryptic species within Periphyllus koelreuteriae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) feeding on Koelreuteria (Sapindaceae) in China, pp. 220-238 in Zootaxa 5183 (1) on pages 228-231, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5183.1.17, http://zenodo.org/record/707014
Minimum R Squared Method (MRS)
No full textVersion 20200220
Minimum R Square Method (MRS) initially proposed by Millet et al. (2005) is a useful method to determine the primary ratio in the tracer method. The purpose of the program is to feasible MRS calculation via a user-friendly GUI. The MRS application is not limited in OC/EC tracer method, but can also be extended to other applications as long as a reliable tracer is available.
MRS calculation can be done by different temporal cycles (batch calculation): by year, by year&season, by season, by year&month, by month, by year&month&hour. Data filter is also available to calculate MRS on a specific subset of data.
For more details regarding the evaluation of the MRS method, please refer to
Wu, C. and Yu, J. Z.: Determination of primary combustion source organic carbon-to-elemental carbon (OC / EC) ratio using ambient OC and EC measurements: secondary OC-EC correlation minimization method, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 5453-5465, doi:10.5194/acp-16-5453-2016, 2016.
Wu, C., Wu, D., and Yu, J. Z.: Quantifying black carbon light absorption enhancement with a novel statistical approach, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 289-309, doi:10.5194/acp-18-289-2018, 2018.
Please cite these two papers if MRS is used in your publication.
The latest version of the program can be found on my website:
https://sites.google.com/site/wuchengust/
https://wucheng.weebly.com
List of programs I developed:
ScatterPlot
Histogram and Boxplot
MRS
RT-ECOC raw data processor
Benchtop Sunset ECOC analyzer data processor
DRI 2001A data Sorter
SMPS Toolkit
Mie Scattering
Aethalometer data correction
MRS approach adoption in literature:
Sun, J. Y., Wu, C., Wu, D., Cheng, C., Li, M., Li, L., Deng, T., Yu, J. Z., Li, Y. J., Zhou, Q., Liang, Y., Sun, T., Song, L., Cheng, P., Yang, W., Pei, C., Chen, Y., Cen, Y., Nian, H., and Zhou, Z.: Amplification of black carbon light absorption induced by atmospheric aging: temporal variation at seasonal and diel scales in urban Guangzhou, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 2445-2470, doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2445-2020, 2020.
Kaskaoutis, D. G., Grivas, G., Theodosi, C., Tsagkaraki, M., Paraskevopoulou, D., Stavroulas, I., Liakakou, E., Gkikas, A., Hatzianastassiou, N., Wu, C., Gerasopoulos, E., and Mihalopoulos, N.*: Carbonaceous Aerosols in Contrasting Atmospheric Environments in Greek Cities: Evaluation of the EC-tracer Methods for Secondary Organic Carbon Estimation, Atmosphere, 11, 161, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11020161, 2
Wu, C., Wu, D., and Yu, J. Z*.: Estimation and Uncertainty Analysis of Secondary Organic Carbon Using One‐Year of Hourly Organic and Elemental Carbon Data. J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos, 124, 2774-2795 doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD029290, 2019
Ji, D., Gao, M., Maenhaut, W., He, J., Wu, C., Cheng, L., Gao, W., Sun, Y., Sun, J., Xin, J., Wang, L., and Wang, Y.: The carbonaceous aerosol levels still remain a challenge in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region of China: Insights from continuous high temporal resolution measurements in multiple cities, Environment International, 126, 171-183, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.02.034, 2019.
Ying, Q., Feng, M., Song, D., Wu, L., Hu, J., Zhang, H., Kleeman, M. J., and Li, X.: Improve regional distribution and source apportionment of PM2.5 trace elements in China using inventory-observation constrained emission factors, Sci.Total.Environ., 624, 355-365, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.138 2018.
Ji, Y., Qin, X., Wang, B., Xu, J., Shen, J., Chen, J., Huang, K., Deng, C., Yan, R., Xu, K., and Zhang, T.: Counteractive effects of regional transport and emission control on the formation of fine particles: a case study during the Hangzhou G20 summit, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 13581-13600, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13581-2018, 2018.
Bian, Q., Alharbi, B., Shareef, M. M., Husain, T., Pasha, M. J., Atwood, S. A., and Kreidenweis, S. M.: Sources of PM2.5 carbonaceous aerosol in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 3969-3985, doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3969-2018, 2018.
Xu, J., Wang, Q., Deng, C., McNeill, V. F., Fankhauser, A., Wang, F., Zheng, X., Shen, J., Huang, K., and Zhuang, G.: Insights into the characteristics and sources of primary and secondary organic carbon: High time resolution observation in urban Shanghai, Environ Pollut, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.003, 2017.
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由Millet (2005)最初提出的最小相关系数法(MRS)是确定性示踪法中的一次比值的有效方法。本程序的目的是通过一个用户友好的图形界面来执行MRS计算。MRS的应用不仅限于OC/ EC示踪法,只要一个可靠示踪物,就可扩展到其他的应用中(例如计算黑碳吸光增强系数Eabs)。
本程序的MRS计算可以通过不同的时间维度(批处理计算)来完成:年,年/季,季,年/月,月,按年及月和小时。数据筛选功能也被提供了用以抓去特定的数据子集进行MRS计算。
详情关于MRS方法的模式论证及应用,请参考 (如果你在文章中用到了本软件,请引用以下文章)
Wu, C. and Yu, J. Z.: Determination of primary combustion source organic carbon-to-elemental carbon (OC / EC) ratio using ambient OC and EC measurements: secondary OC-EC correlation minimization method, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 5453-5465, doi:10.5194/acp-16-5453-2016, 2016.
Wu, C., Wu, D., and Yu, J. Z.: Quantifying black carbon light absorption enhancement with a novel statistical approach, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 289-309, doi:10.5194/acp-18-289-2018, 2018.
本程序的相关信息可以在我的网站找到:
https://www.x-mol.com/groups/wucheng
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Finite-time boundary control for delay reaction–diffusion systems
No full textAbstract not availableKai-Ning Wu, Han-Xiao Sun, Baoqing Yang, Cheng-Chew Li
k-Space reconstruction of multi-channel MRI using Complex Convolution Neural Network
No full textMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) nowadays is an important diagnostic tool in medical imaging. It provides a non-invasive way to explore human anatomy without the risk of radiation. However, the acquisition time of MR imaging has become a critical issue in clinical practice. Fast MR imaging using reduced k-space sampling techniques has been therefore considered as a practical solution. Recently reconstruction using machine learning along with or without compress sensing and parallel imaging has been proposed. The improvement of computational hardware such as GPU benefits the quality of reconstrued image using machine learning.
While most of the neural networks were developed for data of real numbers, complex-valued neural network has been proposed recently to arrange complex data and reserves better phase information for training process. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of k-space MRI reconstruction using complex-valued neural network. Retrospective undersampled (R=3) k-space MRI data were used for training and testing data. Deep residual neural network (Deep ResNet) with complex convolution operation was performed. Reconstructed MR images were compared with fully sampled ones in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) and structural similarity (SSIM) in image domain. Our results show that using a complex convolutional neural network to reconstruct MR images is feasible. The combination of multi-channel k-space data benefits in training models and achieves higher performance than using single-channel data for training. In addition, deepening the feature map for training multi-channel data may improve slightly the quality of reconstructed images. However, the removal of poor SNR channel-data didn\ue2t show significant contribution of the improvement and reconstruction. In summary, our result has successfully accomplished the k-space reconstruction of MRI using complex-valued neural network and may largely help in other MR imaging such as phase-encoded MR or MR spectroscopy
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