16,468 research outputs found
Pectinaria carnosus Wong & Hutchings, 2015, n. sp.
No full textPectinaria carnosus n. sp. (Figs 5–7) Material examined. Holotype: AM W. 47431, Lizard Island, Coconut Beach, 14 ° 41 ' 3 ''S 145 ° 28 ' 12 ''E, intertidal, coll. P. Hutchings & M. Capa, 25 Aug 2010, CReefs, 22.0 mm long, 11.0 mm wide anteriorly, 6.0 mm wide posteriorly. Description. Preserved specimen pale cream in colour. Body wide, robust and conical in shape (Fig. 5 A–B). Anterior width approximately 1 / 2 length of specimen. Tube straight to slightly curved, composed of cemented shell-like fragments and sand grains. Rim of cephalic veil with 16 long cirri. Cirri are triangular appendages which rapidly taper. Cephalic veil completely free from operculum, forming a dorsal semi-circle around the numerous buccal tentacles (Fig. 6 A). Buccal tentacles numerous and with deep medial groove (Figs 5 A, 6 A). Raised opercular margin well developed, smooth (Fig. 6 B). Operculum with 9 pairs of paleae, yellow-gold, stout, slightly curved dorsally, tips blunt (Fig. 5 B). Tentacular cirri not observed. Two pairs of comb-like branchiae on segments 3 and 4, situated laterally and consisting of loose flat lamellae. Anterior pair larger and situated more ventrally than posterior pair. Chaetiger 1 and 2 with anteroventral lobe large and broad, with that of chaetiger 2 larger than that of chaetiger 1; anterior margin of lobes smooth. Nephridial papillae not observed. Chaetigers 1–3 (segments 5–7) with notopodia and notochaetae only. Chaetigers 4–16 biramous with notopodia, neuropodia, notochaetae and neurochaetae. Chaetiger 17 with only notopodia and notochaetae. Notochaetae of chaetigers 1–3 and 12–17 reduced in size compared to those of notopodia 4–11. Notochaetae include smooth winged capillaries and thick robust chaetae (Fig. 7 A–B). Neuropodia wedge shaped, erect and glandular. Neurochaetae with major teeth arranged in 2 rows, 6–10 teeth per row (Fig. 7 C). Glandular areas present on chaetigers 3–17. Glandular areas from chaetigers 3–8 form prominent strips that are partially joined to anterior edge of corresponding neuropodia (Fig. 6 B). Posterior scaphe and abdomen distinctly separated. Posterior 5 segments fused to form a flattened plate or scaphe, broader than long, with crenulated margins (Fig. 6 C–D). Anal flap present. Scaphal hooks present, 6 pairs, broad, blunt, golden (Fig. 6 C). Remarks. This new species Pectinaria carnosus n. sp. is characterised by 9 pairs of stout paleae with blunt tips and 6 pairs of broad and blunt scaphal hooks. Hutchings & Peart (2002) provided a summary of the diagnostic feature of all known species (see Table 4) together with comments on the validity of the type species of the genus. Pectinaria carnosus n. sp. most closely resembles P. belgica Hutchings & Peart, 2002 (described from Sweden), P. antipoda and P. dodeka. Pectinaria carnosus n. sp. can be distinguished from P. antipoda by the absence of large rounded papillae on the anteroventral lobe of chaetiger 2, which varies from 12 to 19 in P. antipoda. Pectinaria carnosus n. sp. can also be distinguished from the only other Australian species P. dodeka and P. kanabinos by the shape of paleae. Pectinaria carnosus n. sp. has short stout paleae with blunt tips, as opposed to the acute and needle-like shape in P. dodeka and P. kanabinos. Etymology. The species name carnosus translates as “fleshy” in Latin and is representative of the general shape of the specimen. Habitat. Found in amongst coral rubble. Type locality. Queensland: Lizard Island, Coconut Beach, 14 ° 41 ' 3 ''S 145 ° 28 ' 12 ''E. Distribution. Species currently known only from Lizard Island in the intertidal zone.Published as part of Wong, Eunice & Hutchings, Pat, 2015, New records of Pectinariidae (Polychaeta) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia and the description of two new species, pp. 733-744 in Zootaxa 4019 (1) on pages 739-742, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4019.1.25, http://zenodo.org/record/24268
Aenictus seletarius Wong et Guenard, sp. nov.
No full textAenictus seletarius Wong et Guénard sp. nov. Figs 2–6 Types. Holotype.Worker from SINGAPORE, Seletar Trail, 1 ° 23 ’N; 103 ° 48 ’E, ca. 40m, subterranean pitfall trap, 25.vii. 2015 (Mark K. L. Wong), label “ MW 250715 - 1.1 ” (ANTWEB 1009000); deposited in LKCNHM. Paratypes. Three workers in total, all with the same collection data as holotype; deposited at SBSHKU. Diagnosis. Worker caste with important size variation. Head almost as wide as long, with side margins broadly convex. Masticatory margin of mandibles, medium-sized subapical tooth followed posteriorly by a distinct medium-sized denticle, and both the subapical tooth and the posterior denticle are of similar size. Posterodorsal corner of the propodeum strongly angular and followed by a concave propodeal declivity. Subpetiolar process well-developed and plough-shaped. Measurements and indices. Holotype: HL 0.57 mm; HW 0.52 mm; MaL 0.33 mm; SL 0.33 mm; WL 0.82 mm; PNW 0.32 mm; PNH 0.29 mm; MW 0.17 mm; PTL 0.24 mm; PTW 0.17 mm; PTH 0.27 mm; TL 2.83 mm (stinger not included); PPL 0.19 mm; PPW 0.16 mm; PPH 0.23 mm; CI 92, SI 64, MaI 65, PI 70, PPI 81. Paratypes (n= 3 measured): HL 0.46–0.63 mm; HW 0.42–0.60 mm; MaL 0.27–0.36 mm; SL 0.26–0.37 mm; WL 0.67–0.91 mm; PNW 0.26–0.36 mm; PNH 0.22–0.34 mm; PTL 0.19–0.27 mm; PTW 0.14–0.19 mm; PTH 0.23–0.33 mm; TL 2.31–3.18 mm (sting not included); PPL 0.17–0.23 mm; PPW 0.14–0.18 mm; PPH 0.20–0.28 mm; CI 91–96, SI 61–64, MaI 59 –64, PI 69–74, PPI 78–83. Worker description. Head. Head in full-face view almost as wide as long (CI 91–96), side margins broadly convex, posterior margin slightly convex to almost straight and approximately 3 / 4 of HW, posterior corners broadly rounded. Antennal scape curved and enlarged in their posterior half, relative size to head moderate (SI 61–64), slightly extending to over the midpoint of head length; antennal segments longer than broad; length of segments II–IX continuously increasing; apical segment X longer than VIII and IX combined; last two segments forming indistinct club. Frontal carina distinct, surpassing posterior margin of antennal torulus. Clypeus short, its anterior margin convex and without denticles. Basal margin of mandible with denticles that gradually reduce in size toward base of mandible. Masticatory margin of mandible with large acute apical tooth, followed posteriorly by a medium-sized subapical tooth, one mediumsized denticle and one small denticle, a medium-sized basal tooth; basal margin with 3–4 small denticles. Mesosoma. In profile, promesonotum convex, sloping gradually to the metanotal groove; mesopleuron relatively short, demarcated from metapleuron by distinct groove. In profile, dorsal outline of propodeum flat to weakly convex nearing the posterior corner. Posterior part of propodeum forming the propodeal declivity nearly at right angle with propodeal dorsum, and separated from the latter by an angular edge; overhanging declivity of propodeum is strongly concave and encircled with thin but distinct rim. Metapleural gland bulla well-developed, its maximum diameter about 1.3 times as long as distance between propodeal spiracle and most proximate part of metapleural gland bulla. Metasoma. In profile, petiole excluding subpetiolar process slightly higher than long and with triangular shape; petiole node with steep anterior face and broadly convex dorsal outline; subpetiolar process welldeveloped and of an irregular quadrilateral shape (plough-shaped) with roughly angular apex posteriorly oriented and a slightly concave posterior lateral margin. Size of subpetiolar process approximately 1 / 5 of petiole height and 2 / 5 of petiole length, its ventral outline broadly convex and its ventralmost part with thin almost transparent lamella. In profile postpetiole has a square shape with rounded corners; dorsal outline of postpetiole node flat to weakly convex; postpetiolar process developed and pointing anteriorly with round- ed to weakly angular apex. First gastral tergite and sternite long, extending over half the total length of the gaster. Sculpture. Head entirely smooth and shiny. Mandibles superficially striate at the base. Basal portion of antennal scape (approximately 1 / 3 of SL) reticulate transitioning to smooth and shiny on its last 2 / 3 portion. Mesosoma finely reticulate with exception of pronotum and parts of metapleuron; pronotum smooth and shiny on dorsum and sides but finely reticulate towards the posterior edge; metapleuron smooth and shiny on anterior median portion but otherwise finely on the propodeum, petiole and subpetiole. reticulate. Petiole including sub- petiolar process finely reticulate with the exception of a smooth and shiny spot anterodorsally. Postpetiole finely reticulate, with flat surface on dorsum smooth and shiny. Gaster entirely smooth and shiny. Legs entirely smooth and shiny. Pubescence. Head and body, except sides of mesosoma, with abundant suberect standing hairs with lengths of 0.7–0.8 mm on head dorsum and 0.1–0.13 mm on dor- sum of meso- and metasoma. Shorter decumbent pubescence also present in between longer hairs. Antennal scapes and legs with abundant, decumbent pilosity. Colouration. Dark amber colo- uration on head, most of antennae, mesosoma, petiole and most of postpetiole, with darkest brown colouration on the reticulated propodeum. Tip of antennal seg- ment X, entire legs, entire gaster and dorsum of postpetiole node with lighter yellow colouration. Castes. Worker caste displays variation in body size. Apart from size variation, values of the differ- ent measurement indices are gen- erally consistent among the work- ers measured, thus indicating an absence of allometric growth. Oth- er morphological features such as sculpture, pubescence and colour- ation remain constant among the specimens examined. Male and female are unknown. Distribution. Southeast Asia. Only known from Singapore. Ecology. Aenictus seletarius was collected from a tropical lowland primary and old growth secondary rainforest in Singapore proximally located (<100 m) to a freshwater catchment. As individuals were collected with subterranean pitfall traps set 15 cm beneath the soil surface, A. seletarius likely exhibits a hypogaeic lifestyle similar to many other Aenictus species. Ad- ditionally, we found over thirty specimens of a small (TL ca. 4 mm), eyeless unidentified Pseudolasius species in the same traps in which the A. seletarius individuals were collected. Remarks. The new species A. seletarius displays substantial variation in body size among workers (TL 2.31–3.18 mm). This was also observed by Jaitrong and Hashimoto (2012) in A. minutulus (TL 1.7–2.4 mm) and A. changmaianus (TL 1.95–2.6 mm). Among the A. minutulus species group, A. seletarius is morpho- logically most similar to A. minutulus. Excluding the latter, individual workers of A. seletarius can be dis- tinguished from other species by the dentition on the masticatory margin of their mandibles, where the medium-sized subapical tooth is followed posteriorly by a distinct medium-sized denticle, and both the subapical tooth and the posterior denticle are of similar size (Fig. 6). This is contrary to the pattern of mandibular dentition of A. changmaianus, A. minimus, A. sp. 56 of WJT and A. subterraneus, where a medium-sized subapical tooth is followed posteriorly by a distinctly smaller denticle, as well as A. peguensis, where both the subapical tooth and subsequent denticles are small in size. However, important variation in mandibular patterns can be observed in ants as blunting of the denticles with usage what may result in slight variation in dentition patterns (as observed in some paratypes and non-type specimens). Therefore, relying on mandibular dentition alone for species determination is not ideal. In consideration of the above, A. seletarius may be further distinguished from the A. minutulus group species including the morphologically similar A. minutulus by several other notable characters outlined below. In full face view (Fig. 5), A. seletarius displays the most square-shaped head among all A. minutulus group species, as its head is almost as wide as it is long, CI 91–96; the side margins of its head are broadly convex and its posterior occipital margin is approximately 3 / 4 the length of its HW. Although A. peguensis also possesses a head that is almost as wide as it is long, CI 82–96, the head shape of this species as well as that of A. minimus and A. sp. 56 of WJT are all markedly rounded; the side margins of their heads are strongly convex and the respective lengths of their posterior occipital margins are no more than 2 / 3 the lengths of their HW. In relation to A. seletarius, the heads of the remaining A. minutulus group species are comparatively longer than wide (A. changmaianus, CI 75–89; A. minutulus, CI 76–90 A. subterraneus, CI 86–87) and their heads appear slightly more elongate than that of A. seletarius. The antennal scape of A. seletarius is also relatively short in comparison to its head width, SI 61–64, in contrast to most other species in the A. minutulus species group (A. changmaianus, SI 69–71; A. minutulus, SI 67–68; A. peguensis, SI 74–79; A. subterraneus, SI 75–79; A. sp. 56 of WJT, SI 67–74), but similar to that of A. minimus (SI 63–64). In profile view (Figs 2 and 4), a strongly angular posterodorsal corner of the propodeum, a concave propodeal declivity, and a flat anterior face of the petiole distinguish A. seletarius from A. changmaianus and A. minutulus, whose individuals have a more rounded posterodorsal corner of the propodeum, a weakly concave propodeal declivity, and a more rounded or broadly convex anterodorsal face of the petiole. In addition to the flat anterior face of the petiole in A. seletarius, a less pronounced postpetiolar process also distinguishes this new species from A. subterraneus, which has a rounded anterodorsal face and a longer and slightly more acute postpetiolar process. Another subtle difference between the two species is the helcium, which appears to be more elongate in A. subterraneus than in A. seletarius.Published as part of Mark K. L. Wong & Benoit Guénard, 2016, Aenictus seletarius, a New Species of Hypogaeic Army Ant from Singapore, with an Updated Key to the Aenictus minutulus Species Group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dorylinae) from Southeast Asia, pp. 35-42 in Annales Zoologici 66 (1) on pages 37-41, DOI: 10.3161/00034541Anz2016.66.1.002, http://zenodo.org/record/26944
Scopimera philippinensis Wong, Shih & Chan, 2011, sp. nov.
No full textScopimera philippinensis sp. nov. (Figs. 5 a–d, 6 a–b, 7 a–b, 8) Material examined. HOLOTYPE: 3 (NMCR- 28030), Iloilo, Panay I., the Philippines, 20 Nov 2009, coll. K.J.H. Wong & D.K.H. Lo. PARATYPES: 23 1 Ƥ (NSMT-Cr 16011), Villa beach, Iloilo, Panay I., Philippines, 20 Feb 2004, coll. M. Komatsu & M. Takeda; 73 4 ƤƤ (CEL-Sco-Phi-001), data same as holotype; 23 (NMNS- 6495 - 001), data same as holotype; 23 (NMCR- 28031), data same as holotype; 23 1 Ƥ (ZRC- 2010.0017), data same as holotype. Comparative material. Scopimera curtelsona: 123 18 ƤƤ (CEL-Sco-Hainan-001), Wenchang, Hainan Island, China, 2 Dec 2008, coll. K.J.H. Wong et al. Diagnosis. Carapace globular, broader than long, surface generally smooth except on branchial regions (Fig. 5 a). External maxilliped merus smaller than ischium, joint oblique (Fig. 5 b); triangular tooth present on inner margin of cheliped dactylus (Fig. 5 c). G 1 slender, tip rounded, surrounded with brush of setae, among which one very long seta extends prominently (Fig. 6 a, b). Description. Carapace inflated, width at least 1.5 times as length, longitudinally arched, latitudinally cylindrical, most raised across branchial regions; surface divided by shallow grooves; longitudinal groove along front, extending 1 / 4 of carapace length marked; curved, rounded “M-shaped” groove surrounding anterior, lateral of cardiac region slightly shallower; surface smooth except for several sparsely distributed, rounded flat tubercles at summits of raised branchial regions (Fig. 5 a). Eyes situated on elongated stalks, orbits oblique when viewed above (Fig. 5 a). External orbital angle as acute triangle, not extending beyond lateral margins; ridge along lateral margins faintly defined if present (Fig. 5 a). Lateral margins diverge posteriorly, distance between both external orbital angles less than that across bases of the last ambulatory legs (Figs. 5 a, 8). External maxillipeds convex, merus slightly smaller than ischium, joint between which straight, oblique (Fig. 5 b). Ventral surface almost entirely glabrous except dense tufts of soft setae between bases of first, second ambulatory legs; thin light-colored setae sparsely scattered around bases of appendages. Entire cheliped covered in fine granules, total length slightly more than carapace length; merus with single longitudinal ovate tympana on proximal half of inner surface; carpus subequal to merus in length, ovate; palm as long as fingers, shorter than carpus; fingers slender, distal ends taper into sharp tips, inner margin of dactylus armed with triangular tooth, that of both fingers weakly serrated with beaded tubercles (Fig. 5 c). Ambulatory legs slender, elongated, second leg longest, slightly longer than first, fourth leg shortest; each merus compressed, tympana entire, occupying most of the segment, carpus slightly shorter than propodus, dactylus tapers to sharp tip. Thin, light-colored setae very sparsely distributed along both margins of merus, posterior margins of all legs. Male abdomen elongated, telson distally rounded, broader than long, lateral margins subparallel on proximal half; sixth somite broader than long, distal margin longer than proximal; fifth somite longer than broad, slightly trapezoidal, proximal margin concave, approximately 2 / 3 as long as distal; fourth somite broad, lateral margins diverge posteriorly (Fig. 5 d). G 1 slender, curving dorsally, tapering to rounded tip; brush of setae near distal inner curve, among which extends a single conspicuous extremely long seta (Fig. 6 a, b). Female abdomen roughly circular, telson semicircular; sixth somite distinctly broader than telson, both distal angles rounded; fifth, sixth somites with same width, broader than long, lateral borders subparallel. Size. CW 4.3 mm, CL 3.0 mm for the holotype male (Fig. 8). Coloration. Carapace grayish brown, faintly reddish when alive (Fig. 7 a). Appendages banded with dark patches (Figs. 7 a, b, 8). External maxillipeds creamish-yellow, scattered with dark and whitish dots, dark dots more concentrated on merus, creating irregular patterns (Fig. 7 b). Ventral surface creamish-yellow, also sprinkled with microscopic dark and whitish dots. Etymology. The specific epithet philippinensis is named after the type locality, the Philippines, denoting the discovery of this genus in the Philippines (see Remarks). Habitat. The species inhabits the mid-intertidal zone of open, exposed sandy shores. Burrows are typical of Scopimera— a vertical, tube-like burrow, appearing as a circular hole on the surface, with radiating lines of small globular sand balls at the opening. The type locality, Iloilo, Panay I., is a semi-exposed sandy shore facing south, and had agricultural land-use directly adjacent to landward of the beach. The local distribution of the species appears to be restricted to the mouths of small streams, and often associated with polluted water. Locally S. philippinensis sp. nov. was not common, and generally neglected by local people due to their small size. The ghost crab Ocypode ceratophthalmus (Pallas, 1772), occurs sympatrically with S. philippinensis sp. nov., was abundant. Distribution. At present, only known from Iloilo, Panay I., the Philippines. Remarks. Scopimera philippinensis sp. nov. closely resembles other “normal form” congeners, especially S. curtelsona, by possessing a conspicuous molar on the cutting margin of the cheliped dactylus (Fig. 5 c, f) (even in small size individuals), and relatively smooth, broad carapaces (Fig. 5 a, e). However it clearly differs from S. curtelsona by the morphology of the male abdomen and G 1. For S. philippinensis sp. nov., the sixth abdominal somite of males is distinctly broader than long, the proximal margin is much shorter, and the fifth much longer than broad, such that the entire abdomen appears “concave” along the lateral margin (Fig. 5 d); while for that of S. curtelsona, both breadth and length of sixth and fifth abdominal somites do not markedly differs, and the lateral margins of the 2 somites combined are only slightly converging towards the proximal end (Fig. 5 g). G 1 morphologies of S. philippinensis sp. nov. and S. curtelsona are also diagnostic: the G 1 of S. philippinensis. sp. nov. possesses a brush of setae near distal inner curve, among which extends a single extremely long seta (Fig. 6 a, b), while that of S. curtelsona is fringed by short setae, that are denser and slightly longer on the inner surface (Fig. 6 c, d). Despite being commonly recorded from elsewhere across the entire region, no Scopimera species have been previously reported from the Philippines (Estampador 1937, 1959; Ward 1941; Serène 1968). This is especially peculiar because this area is otherwise considered to have the highest marine species biodiversity in the world (see Ng et al. (2009)). There have also been many collections made throughout the Philippines, and numerous studies have reported on the crab fauna in great detail (e.g., Garth & Kim (1983) on xanthids; Tan (1996) and Komatsu et al. (2004, 2005) on leucosiids; and Mendoza & Ng (2007) and Mendoza & Naruse (2009) on Macrophthalmus). Other much less conspicuous intertidal members of the Dotillidae have also been recorded, such as species of Dotilla, Ilyoplax and Tmethypocoelis (see Estampador 1959, and most recently Davie & Naruse (2010). Thus, the absence of previous records of Scopimera is either just an anomaly, or perhaps S. philippinensis sp. nov. is the only species present and does indeed have a very narrow range. This is a noteworthy issue that needs more research. After reexamining the description of Scopimera curtelsona by Shen (1936), we realized that this species had been commonly misspelled as S. curtelsoma by recent authors (e.g. Dai & Yang 1991). Shen (1936) clearly used the spelling “ curtelsona ” consistently throughout the text. The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1999) Article 32.3 states “The correct original spelling of a name is to be preserved unaltered, except where it is mandatory to change the suffix or the gender ending under Article 34 ”. We thus follow this original spelling here.Published as part of Wong, Kingsley J. H., Shih, Hsi-Te & Chan, Benny K. K., 2011, Two new species of sand-bubbler crabs, Scopimera, from North China and the Philippines (Crustacea: Decapoda: Dotillidae), pp. 21-35 in Zootaxa 2962 on pages 26-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20715
Ovaskella Shear & Richart & Wong 2020, new genus
No full textOvaskella, new genus Type species: Ovaskella ovaskae , n. sp. Diagnosis: Related to Calityla. Both species in this genus have thin, acute anterior gonopods and rather uncomplicated posterior gonopod coxites, which have a single branch; this is like the preceding genus, but very much smaller, and enveloped in two fimbriate wings (the lateral wing much reduced in the type species). The coxite has a pore at the base of this branch, visible with secretion exuded in Fig. 88 of O. ovaskae, n. sp., but obscured by recalcitrant debris in Fig. 101 of O. sinuosa, n. sp. . Etymology: Kristiina Ovaska of British Columbia, Canada, has collected many valuable millipede specimens which she generously has shared with the authors and others. We take the first part of her surname and use the diminutive suffix -ella, as in Bollmanella. Descriptions of new species of OvaskellaPublished as part of Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H. & Wong, Victoria L., 2020, The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea), pp. 1-78 in Zootaxa 4753 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/398378
A new species of Aleurolobus Quaintance et Baker (Homoptera, Aleyrodidae) from Southern Europe.
Get PDFAleurolobus teucrii n. sp. is described from southern Italy and the Maltese Islands (Central Mediterranean). The species seems to be monophagous on Teucrium fruticans L. A key to the European species of this genus (A. niloticus Priesner et Hosny, A. olivinus (Silvestri), A. wunni (Ryberg) and A. teucrii n. sp.) is provided.peer-reviewe
Studies on Schismatoglottideae (Araceae) of Borneo XXXX: Schismatoglottis petradoxa and S. tseui, new shale-obligate rheophytes of uncertain affinity
Get PDFTwo taxonomically new rheophytic species of Schismatoglottis of uncertain affinity, S. petradoxa S. Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce sp. nov.
and S. tseui S. Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce sp. nov., are described and illustrated from forested shale waterfalls in central North
Borneo
Hydroides lirs Kupriyanova, Sun, Hove, Wong & Rouse, 2015, n. sp.
No full textHydroides lirs n. sp. (Figs 4, 5) Material examined. Holotype: AM W. 43967, MI QLD 2354. Paratypes: AM W. 41749, Yonge Reef, 14 ° 35 'S, 145 ° 37 'E, coll. R. Smith, 5 Nov 1985; AM W. 42357, Yonge Reef, back reef bommie, 14 ° 36 'S, 145 ° 37 'E, coll. R. Smith, 7 Nov 1985; AM W. 42358, same; ZMA V. Pol. 5035, stn. 21, south Lizard Island, 14 ° 42 'S, 145 ° 28 'E, sloping silty reef, little coral cover, 20 m, coll. H. ten Hove & P. Hutchings, 6 Mar 1986. Other material examined. AM W. 42366, Palm Group, Orpheus Island, Pioneer Bay, 18 ° 37 'S, 146 ° 30 'E, coll. R. Smith, Oct 1984. Diagnosis. Opercular verticil with a basal column and 11–12 spines (Figs 4 A, 5 A). All verticil spines with pointed tips and one pointed internal spinule each at mid-length. Dorsal verticil spine large hook, strongly curved inward and bearing a pair of lateral spinules distally; other spines similar in size and shape, curved outwards. Central tooth absent. Funnel with 20–30 chitinized radii ending in long pointed tips; radii each bearing a minute internal spinule basally; base of funnel elongated, chitinized. Grooves separating radii extending 1 / 2 of funnel length. Description. TUBE: white, width 3.86 mm (4.24 ± 0.92 mm, n = 3, 3.57–4.24 mm), with lumen of 3.14 mm (2.76 ± 0.66 mm, n = 3, 2 –3.14 mm). Circular in cross section, without longitudinal ridges. BRANCHIAE: with 20 radioles on left lobe, 24 radioles on right lobe (21.2 ± 1.3 left radioles, n = 5, 20–23; 22.6 ± 1.95 right radioles, n = 5, 20–25), arranged in semicircles, not connected by inter-radiolar membrane (Fig. 4 B). Branchial eyes absent. PEDUNCLE: smooth, circular in cross section, inserted just below first and second normal radioles; with clear chitinized constriction at the base of the funnel (Fig. 4 A). Pseudoperculum present. OPERCULUM: with distal verticil inserted on short stalk into proximal oblique radially symmetrical funnel. Verticil with 11 spines (11.4 ± 0.55, n = 5, 11–12), with pointed tip; one dorsal hook stout, elongated, curved inward, with a pair of subterminal lateral spinules; other verticil spines curved outwards, with one inner spinule at about half of their length (Figs 4 A, 5 A). Basal spinule absent. Funnel with 34 (50 ± 10.3, n = 5, 34–62) sharp chitinized radii, each radius with one curved basal tooth. Grooves separating radii extending 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of funnel length. Length of operculum 2.33 mm (3.27 ± 0.64 mm, n = 5, 2.33– 4 mm), width 1.37 mm (1.93 ± 0.48 mm, n = 5, 1.37–2.67 mm). COLLAR AND THORACIC MEMBRANES: collar low, continuous with thoracic membranes, forming apron across anterior abdominal chaetigers. THORAX: with collar chaetiger and 6 uncinigerous chaetigers. Collar chaetae of two types: bayonet with two short conical teeth (Fig. 5 B) and limbate. Subsequent chaetae limbate, of two sizes. Uncini along entire thorax sawshaped with 6–7 teeth (Fig. 5 C). ABDOMEN: abdominal chaetigers 140 (131 ± 10.3, n = 3, 120–140 mm). Chaetae flat trumpet-shaped (Fig. 5 E), uncini saw-shaped anteriorly (Fig. 5 D, F), with pointed fang and 4–5 teeth; rasp-shaped with 2–5 rows of teeth and fang and up to 4–5 teeth in profile view posteriorly. Simple capillaries present posteriorly. SIZE: length 16.7 mm (24.6 ± 8.26 mm, n = 5, 16.7–34.3 mm). Width of thorax 2.57 mm (2.46 ± 0.23 mm, n = 5, 2.14–2.71 mm). Branchiae and operculum accounting for 1 / 5 of entire length. COLOUR: verticil spines and tips of funnel radii yellow. Base of branchial crown purple, brown, yellow bands present above the purple base, the middle region of branchial crown with white bands, terminal brown to yellow (Fig. 4 B). ECOLOGY: found from subtidal, 10–20 m, embedded in corals. Etymology. The species name honours Australian Museum’s Lizard Island Research Station (LIRS), recognised as one of the best field stations in the world for tropical marine research and a world-leading supplier of on-reef facilities for coral reef research and education. Remarks. The new species was originally labelled as H. exaltata (Marenzeller, 1885) or H. minax (Grube, 1878) in the AM collections because it resembles H. exaltata in having a large smoothly incurved dorsal spine and verticil spines with an internal spinule each, and also resembles H. minax in the presence of a pair of distal lateral spinules on the incurved dorsal spine. Hydroides lirs n. sp. differs from H. exaltata in having a pair of lateral spinules on the incurved dorsal spine, which is absent in H. exaltata. From H. minax the new species can be distinguished by the following characters: dorsal hook is smoothly curved in H. lirs n. sp., but strongly curved in H. minax; verticil spines in H. minax are short and lack internal spinules that are present in H. minax. The basal teeth typical for of the funnel radii in H. lirs n. sp. were not observed either in H. exaltata or in H. minax. Hydroides lirs n. sp. also resembles H. pseudexaltata Pillai, 2009, but can be distinguished from latter by the presence of lateral spinules in its dorsal spine, internal spinules in the verticil spines (as opposed to the absence of lateral and internal spinules in H. pseudexaltata) and its sharp-tipped funnel radii (as opposed to almost T-shaped tips in H. pseudexaltata). Type locality. Lizard Island, Qld, Australia. Distribution. Lizard Island, Orpheus Island, Qld, Australia.Published as part of Kupriyanova, Elena K., Sun, Yanan, Ten Hove, Harry A., Wong, Eunice & Rouse, Greg W., 2015, Serpulidae (Annelida) of Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia, pp. 275-353 in Zootaxa 4019 (1) on pages 283-286, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4019.1.13, http://zenodo.org/record/28949
An insight into the diverse roles of surfactant proteins, SP-A and SP-D in innate and adaptive immunity
Get PDFPMCID: PMC3369187Surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-D are hydrophilic, collagen-containing calcium-dependent lectins, which appear to have a range of innate immune functions at pulmonary as well as extrapulmonary sites. These proteins bind to target ligands on pathogens, allergens, and apoptotic cells, via C-terminal homotrimeric carbohydrate recognition domains, while the collagen region brings about the effector functions via its interaction with cell surface receptors. SP-A and SP-D deal with various pathogens, using a range of innate immune mechanisms such as agglutination/aggregation, enhancement of phagocytosis, and killing mechanisms by phagocytic cells and direct growth inhibition. SP-A and SP-D have also been shown to be involved in the control of pulmonary inflammation including allergy and asthma. Emerging evidence suggest that SP-A and SP-D are capable of linking innate immunity with adaptive immunity that includes modulation of dendritic cell function and helper T cell polarization. This review enumerates immunological properties of SP-A and SP-D inside and outside lungs and discusses their importance in human health and disease
Studies on Schismatoglottideae (Araceae) of Borneo LI: Ooia revised, including a reconsideration of Ooia grabowskii
Get PDFRecollection of Ooia grabowskii at the Type locality in Kalimantan Selatan,
Indonesian Borneo, has revealed the name to have been comprehensively misapplied to
five taxonomically new Bornean Ooia species, here described as: Ooia altar S. Y. Wong
& P. C. Boyce, sp. nov., O. basalticola S. Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce, sp. nov., O. glans S. Y.
Wong & P. C. Boyce, sp. nov., O. secta S. Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce, sp. nov., and O. suavis
S. Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce, sp. nov. Ooia grabowskii is endemic to the southern portion of
the Meratus Mountains, Kalimantan Selatan. Clarification of O. grabowskii additionally
reveals that Rhynchopyle havilandii Engl. [≡ Piptospatha havilandii (Engl.) Engl.;
Schismatoglottis havilandii (Engl.) M. Hotta], until now treated as a heterotypic synonym
of O. grabowskii, to be a distinct species of Ooia: the combination Ooia havilandii (Engl.)
S. Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce, comb. nov. is made. Newly observed spathe senescence
mechanics of O. grabowskii and O. basalticola are strikingly in agreement with those
of Piptospatha manduensis Bogner & A. Hay. Combined with the highly atypical (for
Piptospatha) fragrant inflorescences, pubescent staminate flowers, and deciduous
non-pistillate flowers, and typical (for Ooia) creeping/rooting stems and pendulous
infructescences occurring in P. manuduensis prompts removal of P. manduensis from
Piptospatha and incorporation into Ooia – the combination Ooia manduensis (Bogner &
A. Hay) S. Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce, comb. nov. is made. These novelties and transfers,
taken together with pre-existing species, brings Ooia to 10 species. All species are
illustrated from living plants, with Ooia grabowskii additionally figured from the Berlin
Holotype, and from Engler’s Araceae Exsiccatae et Illustratae No. 196. An identification
key to all described Ooia species is provided
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