1,721,103 research outputs found

    Considerations in generating transgenic mice: DNA, RNA, and protein extractions from tissues–rapid and effective blotting

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    The mouse provides a powerful system to produce and study models of human disease. The ability to introduce, inactivate, or modify genes in mice has significantly advanced our understanding of molecular and cellular disease processes. New tools and novel applications of the classic techniques now permit spacial and temporal restrictions to be applied to in vivo gene expression. In this chapter, the expansive methods used to generate transgenic mice will not be presented as there are several comprehensive books on the topic, including one in this series (1,2). In addition, the legislative requirements for working with animals will not be described here; suffice it to mention that transgenic animal production is a licensed procedure within the UK. Instead, considerations relating specifically to the application of transgenic techniques to studying Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated diseases will be discussed

    Separation of epidermal tissue from underlying dermis and primary keratinocyte culture

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    The epidermis shares many structural similarities to other epithelia throughout the body. All epithelia function as a barrier protecting the internal organs. The epidermis of the skin protects the exterior of the body, whereas other forms of epithelia line the airways, blood vessels, and gastrointestinal, urinary, and reproductive tracts. Some glandular epithelia secret substances such as sweat, mucus, and hormones. All epithelia are avascular and consist of closely packed cells, which are tightly attached to one another via cell junctions. This tight structure allows all epithelia to closely regulate the movement of materials such as ions, nutrients, and secretory product

    Selection and enrichment of B cells from lymphoid tissues

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    Transgenic mouse models that express Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent proteins in the B-cell compartment provide useful models to study the effects of these proteins at each stage of B-cell development and differentiation. In addition, many aspects of the murine immune system have been extensively studied and are similar to those of the human immune system

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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