1,720,955 research outputs found
<Articles>The Prevalence of the “Spirit of Japan” 日本精神 and Its Political Use in the 1930s: A Consideration of the Council on Ideological Measures as a Starting Point
No full text本稿は、これまで本格的に検討されてこなかった戦前期日本における標語の歴史的意義について、一九三〇年代を中心に流行した「日本精神」を題材に、その政治的局面における利用の実態から検討した。一九三三（昭和八）年に各省高等官僚が参集する内閣直属機関として設置された思想対策協議委員において、「日本精神」の闡明および普及徹底を骨子とする思想善導方策が定められた。一九二〇年代末ごろから社会一般において認知され始め、既に政府各省内でも流布していた「日本精神」という語が、学問的究明を俟つ未だ空虚な概念のまま、思想対策上の国家的指導原理を象徴させられたのである。具体的な内容を規定されないまま国家的正当性を獲得した「日本精神」は〝正当性を保証する媒介〟となり、各省独自の政治的課題に資する形で多様な解釈を与えられ、各省横断的な国民動員政策を統合する標語としても利用された。This paper examines the historical significance of slogans in prewar Japan, a topic that has not been examined in earnest. It focuses on the “Spirit of Japan” (Nippon Seishin 日本精神), which was popular mainly in the 1930s, in terms of its actual use in the political arena. In 1933, the Council on Ideological Measures 思想対策協議委員, an organ established directly under the Cabinet with the participation of high-ranking bureaucrats from various ministries, formulated an ideological policy to promote the “Spirit of Japan” by expounding and thoroughly disseminating the concept. The term “Spirit of Japan, ” which began to be generally recognized in society in the late 1920s, had previously spread within government ministries. It was made to symbolize a national guiding principle as an ideological strategy, although it was still an empty concept that awaited academic investigation. The “Spirit of Japan, ” which had acquired national legitimacy without being defined in concrete terms, was interpreted in a variety of ways to serve the unique political agendas of each ministry. In the Home Ministry's Police Affairs Bureau 内務省警保局, it was interpreted by innovators as a guiding principle for reforming social and administrative structures, beyond its original purpose as an ideological strategy. In the Ministry of Education's Ideology Bureau 文部省思想局, political use of the “Spirit of Japan” was considered after its official recognition by the Council on Ideological Measures, and it was used as a method of persuasion in the reform of education and academics. In the Army Ministry's Research Section 陸軍省調査班, it was incorporated into its unique system to defend the logic of intuitive empiricism of the military, eventually, to justify the war itself, the Army's most important reason for existence. The “Spirit of Japan, ” which became a “medium to guarantee legitimacy, ” was also used as a slogan to unify the policies of the various ministries in the comprehensive national mobilization policy as seen in the Report of the Council for the Reform of Education and Academics 教学刷新評議会 (1936) and the Guidelines for the National Spiritual Mobilization Campaign 国民精神総動員運動の実施要項 (1937)
<Book reviews>NAKANOME Toru, The History of Bureaucratic Thought: A Cross Section of Modern Japanese Society
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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