587 research outputs found
Measuring Economic Insecurity
Get PDFpeer reviewedWe provide an axiomatic treatment of the measurement of economic insecurity, assuming that individual insecurity depends on the current wealth level and its variations experienced in the past. The first component plays the role of a buffer stock to rely on in case of an adverse future event. The second component determines the confidence an individual has on her ability to overcome a loss in the future. Two classes of linear measures are characterized with sets of plausible and intuitive axioms and, for each of these classes, an important subclass is identified
A. Bossert. — Essais sur la littérature allemande. 2e série. — Paris, Hachette, 1910
No full textThomas Walter. A. Bossert. — Essais sur la littérature allemande. 2e série. — Paris, Hachette, 1910. In: Revue internationale de l'enseignement, tome 62, Juillet-Décembre 1911. pp. 83-84
Tile Club, Toledo, Ohio, 1961
No full textEntitled Shades of the Toledo Tile Club, a collection of silhouettes of the members done by Ray Bossert in 1961. Terms associated with the photograph are: Tile Club (Toledo, Ohio) | silhouettes | Aldrich, Harry S. | Bach, Ernie | Bossert, Ray | Bruyere, Louis | Chapman, Walter | Eaton, Ellery | Folger, Fred | Folger, Bill | Klever, Lou | MacSean, J. Arthur | Orosz, Julius | Saunders, Allen | Young, Louis R
Multidimensional Poverty and Material Deprivation with Discrete Data
Get PDFpeer reviewedWe propose a characterization of a popular index of multidimensional poverty which, as a special case, generates a measure of material deprivation. This index is the weighted sum of the functioning failures. The important feature of the variables that may be relevant for poverty assessments is that they are discrete in nature. Thus, poverty measures based on continuous variables are not suitable in this setting and the assumption of a discrete domain is mandatory. We apply the measure to European Union member states where the concept of material deprivation was initiated and illustrate how its recommendations differ from those obtained from poverty measures based exclusively on income considerations
Poverty and Time
Get PDFpeer reviewedWe examine the measurement of individual poverty in an intertemporal context. Our aim is to capture the importance of persistence in a state of poverty and we characterize a corresponding individual intertemporal poverty measure. Our first axiom requires that intertemporal poverty is identical to static poverty in the degenerate single-period case. The remaining two properties express decomposability requirements within poverty spells and across spells in order to reflect the persistence issue. In addition, we axiomatize an aggregation procedure to obtain an intertemporal poverty measure for societies and we illustrate our new index with an application to EU countries
Proximity-Sensitive Individual Deprivation Measures
No full textWe propose and characterize a generalization of the classical linear index of individual deprivation based on income shortfalls. Unlike the original measure, our class allows for increases in the income of a higher-income individual to have a stronger
impact on a person’s deprivation the closer they occur to the income of the individual
whose deprivation is being assessed. The subclass of our measures with this property is axiomatized in our second result
A Generalized Index of Fractionalization
No full textpeer reviewedThis paper characterizes an index that is informationally richer than the commonly used ethno-linguistic fractionalization (ELF) index. Our measure of fractionalization takes as a primitive the individuals, as opposed to ethnic groups, and uses information on the similarities among them. Compared to existing indices, our measure does not require that individuals are pre-assigned to exogenously determined categories or groups. We provided an empirical illustration of how our index can be operationalized and what difference it makes as compared to the standard ELF index. This application pertains to the pattern of fractionalization in the USA
Dynamic Measures of Individual Deprivation
Get PDFWe introduce and axiomatize a one-parameter class of individual deprivation measures. Motivated by a suggestion of Runciman, we modify Yitzhaki’s index by multiplying it by a function that is interpreted as measuring the part of deprivation generated by an agent’s observation that others in its reference group move on to a higher level of income than itself. The parameter reflects the relative weight given to these dynamic considerations, and the standard Yitzhaki index is obtained as a special case. In addition, we characterize more general classes of measures that pay attention to this important dynamic aspect of deprivation
Intertemporal Material Deprivation
No full textpeer reviewedIndividual well-being is multidimensional and various aspects of the quality of life need to be jointly considered in its measurement. The literature on the subject has proposed many indices of multidimensional poverty and deprivation and explored the properties that are at the basis of these measures. The purpose of this chapter is to add intertemporal considerations to the analysis of material deprivation. We employ the EU-SILC panel data set, which includes information on different aspects of well-being over time. EU countries are compared based on measures that take this additional intertemporal information into consideration. If we follow the path of material deprivation experienced by each individual over time we obtain a picture which differs from the annual results. Since the measurement of material deprivation is used by the EU member states and the European Commission to monitor national and EU progress in the fight against poverty and social exclusion, our results suggest that time cannot be neglected. Countries should not only be compared based on their year by year results but additional information is gained by following individuals over time and producing an aggregate measure once time is taken into account
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