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(19(2):26-30)水稻品種之耐寒性反應
No full textThe reaction of rice varieties to winter hardiness was evaluated in the first crop of 1970 at the Chiayi Agricultural Experiment Station. The winter survival of young rice plants in the dry nursery indicated that japonica varieties were more resistant to winter injury than indica varieties. Varieties developed at or native of Taiwan showed better survival from winter killing than those from tropical regions of the United States, Philippines, and India. Visual estimates of chlorosis on rice seedlings in the ordinary wet nursery showed that varieties of poor winter survival generally developed severe chlorosis. Reaction of heterogenous populations were usually intermediate between those of the parents or components involved.
嘉義農試驗所分所於民國五十九年笫一期水稻品種之耐寒性反應做初步之觀察。旱田直播區之幼小稻株越冬生存率顯示日本型水稻品種之耐寒性一般均較印度型為強，臺灣在來品種或在臺灣育成之水稻品種，其生存率均較來自美國、菲律賓及印度等熱帶地區之水稻品種為高。以目測方法所得秧苗葉色之黃化程度顯示越冬生存率低之品種，其葉色黃化現象亦較嚴重。雜質水稻集團之耐寒性反應大致位居兩純系親本或構成分子之中間
(17(2):26-29)水稻品種對新殺草劑RounduP藥害之反應
No full textThe reaction of a japonica-type rice variety, Chianung 242, and an indica-type rice variety, IR 8, to the toxicity of a new herbicide, Roundup, was evaluated at the Chiayi Agricultural Experiment Station in September of 1967. Roundup exceeded the active rate of 2.0 kg per ha was highly toxic to rice plant. The phytotoxicity of rice plant was lighter when Roundup was applied at 3 days instead of 10 days after transplanting. Japonica rice variety, Chianung 242 appeared to be more tolerant to the toxicity of Rundup than indica variety, IR 8.
本試驗以測定不同型水稻品種對新殺草劑Roundup藥害之反應為目的。供試材料為日本型品種，嘉農242號，印度型品種，IR8等兩品種。Roundup由Ramrod（CP 31393）7.5%與2.4-D2.5%混合製成為有效成分10%之粒劑，是美國Monsanto公司為在臺灣試驗而特別製成之產品。其施用量分為對照，每公頃有效藥量0.5，1.0，2.0及4.0公斤，分別於挿秧後3日及10日撒施於盆栽水稻，並按各處理藥害之輕重分級計分。由此調查結果得知，Roundup對供試水稻品種均具藥害，惟日本型品種，嘉農242號呈現藥害之程度似較印度型品種，IR8者輕微。Roundup施用量若超過每公頃有效成分2.0公斤以上時，就能引起供試水稻品種嚴重之藥害，惟挿秧後3日施用者似較挿秧後10日施用者為輕
(21(4):227-232)稻田除草劑對後作之殘餘效果
No full textThe residual effects of herbicides applied in the second crop of 1971 on the infestation of weeds and the growth performance of rice in the first crop of 1972 are summarized.
The treatments of 2,4-D IPE, Benthiocarb, and C-288+2,4-D IPE were infested with smaller number of weeds while those of CP 53619, Benthiocarb +2,4-D IPE, and C-290+2,4-D IPE were more heavily infested. However, the correlation between average weed control rating in the second crop of 1971 and average number of weeds per m2 in the first crop of 1972 gave r value of -0.0389 which was too small to attain significance. This indicates that application of herbicides does not affect appreciably the infestation of weeds in the succeeding crop of rice.
Plant height and number of tillers per hill at 60 days after transplanting, plant height and number of panicles per hill at maturity stage, days to heading, and grain yield per ha did not differ significantly among treatments. Thus, residues from the application of herbicides in the second crop of 1971 may not persist in amounts toxic to the growth of rice in the following first crop of 1972.
本文係報告民國60年第2期作使用之稻田除草劑對民國61年第1期作水稻之發育及雜草發生之影響。
2, 4-D IPE, Benthiocarb與C-288+2, 4-D IPE處理之雜草數目較少，而CP 53619，Benthiocarb+2, 4-D IPE與C-290+2, 4-D IPE處理之雜草則較多，惟60年第2期作之平均治草效果級數與61年第1期作之平均雜草數目問之相關係數只有-0.0789，未達顯著水準。由此設論，稻田除草劑之施用並不顯著影響其後期作稻田雜草之發生。
插秧後60日水稻株高與每株分棻數，成熟期之水稻株高與每株穗數、抽穗期及每公頃稻谷產量之處理問差異均不顯著。由此可知60年第2期作施用之稻田除草劑，其在稻田土壤中之遺留量顯然不足影響其後期作水稻之正常發育
(17(4):1-18)水稻品種對栽植密度及氮素肥料之效應
No full textThe responses of two japonica rice varieties, Chianung 242 and Tainan 3, to four spac-ings and three levels of nitrogen were studied over a 3-year period from 1965 to 1967 at Tai-tou-ken Farm of the Chiayi Agricultural Experiment Station.
Grain yields increased with the reduction of spacing and the increase of nitrogen which was more pronounced in the first crop of rice. The effects of plant spacings and nitrogen levels on grain yields were all significant at the 1% level of probability in both crops. Chianung 242 responded linearly and Tainan 3, curvilinearly to nitrogen in the first crop whereas in the second crop, both varieties showed linear response to nitrogen. The regression of grain yield to spacing was essentially linear in both crops and both varieties responded similarly. Coeffi-cients of determination showed that about 40 and 20% of grain yield variations could be ascribed to the effects of spacing and nitrogen in the first and the second crops, respectively.
The number of panicles per hill and the number of grains per panicle decreased whereas the weight of 1,000 grains and the percentage of fertility increased with the reduction of spacing in both crops. The response was similar in both varieties. The number of panicles per hill increased and the percentage of fertility decreased with the increase of nitrogen. No differences in varietal response were observed in both crop seasons. The number of grains per panicle of Chianung 242 increased in the first crop and decreased in the second one with the increase of nitrogen, but Tainan 3 responded just in the opposite way. The weight of 1,000 grains of both varieties increased in the first crop and decreased in the second one with the increase of nitrogen. The number of panicles per unit area of both varieties increased with the reduction of spacing and increased with the increase of nitrogen.
Leaf area index of both varieties generally increased with the decrease of spacing and with the increase of nitrogen. Rice plants generally showed larger leaf area index in the first crop. Leaf area index was, however, more closely associated with grain yield in the second crop.
Heading date was delayed by the increase of nitrogen but was hastened by the decrease of spacing, plant panicle weight was not affected by nitrogen but decreased slightly with the reduction of spacing. Grain-straw ratio decreased with the increase of nitrogen and the reduce-tion of spacing. Both varieties responded similarly in both crops.
本文係報告嘉義農業試驗分所自民國54年第1期作起至56年第2期作承辦全省性水稻寬行密植試驗之綜合報告。
栽植密度及氮素肥料之提高均能導致稻谷之增產，其效果在第1、2期作均極為顯著，水稻品種在第1、2期作對栽植密度均顯示直線效應，惟對肥料效應則因品種及期作而異。在第1期作，嘉農242號顯示直線效應而臺南3號則為曲線效應，在第2期作，兩品種之肥料效應均為直線關係。由決定係數可知栽植密度及氮素肥料分別在第1、2期作決定大約40及20%之產量變異。每株穗數及每穗粒數因密植而低減而千粒重及稔實率則因密植而增加。兩品種在第1、2期作之反應均同，水稻品種之每株穗數與稔實率在第1、2期作均因氮素之增施而增加，嘉農242號之每穗粒數在第1期作因增加氮素肥料而增加，第2期作則因氮素肥料之增加而減少，臺南3號之反應則與嘉農242號恰恰相反。兩品種之千粒重在第1期作則因增肥而增加，但在第2期作則因增肥而減低，每坪穗數均因增肥密植而增多。
葉面積指數大致隨增肥密植而加大，水稻之葉面積指數在第1期作較大，但其與稻谷產量之關係則以第2期作者為密切。
生育日數因增肥而延長，而因密植而縮短，穗長受肥料影響較微，惟因密植而稍減，谷草比亦因增肥密植而低減。水稻品種在第1、2期作之反應大致相同
(18(1):31-35)新殺草劑R-3552在秧田之治稗效果
No full textThe effect of R-3552 on the control of barnyard grass in rice nursery evaluated in the second crop of 1968 was briefly summarized. R-3552 was found to be highly effective in controlling three biotypes of Echinochloa crusgalli at dry, wet, and flooded nurseries in both pre- and post-emergence applications. No phytotoxicity of R-3552 to rice seed-lings was detected.
R-3552經於民國57年第2期作試驗結果，發現在旱秧田、飽水秧田、及浸水秧田，無論在裨草發芽前或發芽後使用，對三種形態不同之稗草均具良好防治效果，且對秧苗未具藥害作用
(19(4):18-25)水田雜草對水稱之影響
No full textThe effect of weeds on rice was evaluated on five species of weeds at 3 population densities and two fertility levels in the first and second crops of 1968. Echinochloq crusgalli, Cyperus difformis, Marsilea quadrifolia, Monochoria vaginalis, and Spirodela polyrhiza reduced grain yield of rice by 84.9, 71.7, 62.0, 61.7, and 9.0%, respectively, Population density of 100 and 200 weeds per m2 reduced 51.3 and 64.4% of grain yields, respcctively when compared with weed-free treatment. Echinochloa crusgalli and Cyperus difformis reduced more grain yield of rice at high fertility level while Monochoria vaginalis and Marsilea quadrifolia caused more damage at less fertilized field. Echinochloa crusgalli and Marsilea quadrifolia reduced grain yield of rice more or less similarly in both crops but Monochoria vaginalis and Cyperus difformis caused heavier damage in the second crop. The number of panicles per plant suffered the greatest damage, followed by the number of grains per panicle but the 100-grain weight and the fertility percentage were only slightly affected.
嘉義農業試驗分所曾於民國57年第1、2期作在網室內舉行盆栽試驗，調查不同密度之主要水田雜草在不同肥力下對水稻為害之程度，初步結果顯示稗草、三角草、田字草、鴨舌草及浮萍分別減產84.9、71.7、62.0、61.7與9.0%。雜草密度每平方公尺100支與200支者較無草之對照處理分別減產51.3及64.4%，稗草與三角草在重肥區為害情形勝於輕肥區，惟鴨舌草與田字草則恰恰相反。稗草與田子草之為害情形，第1期作與第2期作相若，但鴨舌草與三角草之為害情形則以第2期作較為嚴重。產量構成因素中以每株穗數為害最重，每穗粒數次之，而百粒重與稔實率則未見其害
(17(1):7-9)PRELIMINARY OBSERVATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF “DAPOG”
No full text嘉義農業試驗分所為明嘹Dapog秧田在本省推廣之可能性，於民國56年第二期作設置該秧田育苗，觀察其在秧田及本田之表現並與本省推廣之標準改良秧田（對照）比較。本試驗初步結果顯示Dapog秧苗之苗高，每苗葉數均較改良秧田者為小，但是其每苗根長，根數却大於改良秧田。在本田發育初期，Dapog區之株高，每株分蘗均小於對照區，惟在成熟期，兩處理之株高，每株穗數相若而Dapog秧田區之每株穗數稍高於對照區。Dapog區之生育日數長於對照區，相差極為顯著。就每公頃乾淨谷之產量而言，Dapog區高達4,712公斤，較對照區增產3.4%。由於Dapog秧田可節省勞力，又可縮短秧田日數，其秧苗生產力亦不亞於本省之改良秧田育成之秧苗，故若經試驗改良後，在本省第二期作似有採用之價值。
Dapog”seedbed extensively practiced in Southern Luzon and the Bicol regions of the Philippines was tried in the second crop of 1967 at the Chiayi Agricultural Experi-ment Station, and the performance of its seedlings was compared with those of the standard“Improved”nursery or semi-irrigated nursery commonly practiced in Taiwan n both the nursery and the paddy field. The preliminary observation showed that“Dapog”seedlings were smaller and younger than those of the“Improved”nursery at the time of transplanting. The length and the number of root of each“Dapog”seedling were, however, larger than those of the check.
The plant height and the number of tillers per hill at 40 days after transplanting were. smaller in the plots of“Dapog”seedlings, but they were larger at maturing stage Heading date of“Dapog”treatment was significantly later than that of the check. Grain yield of“Dapog”seedings reached 4,712 kg per ha which was 157 kg or 3.4% hgiher than that of the“Improved”nursery. Since the“Dapog”seedbed can save much labors and reduce stem or root injury in the pulling of seedlings, it appears highly likely that this method can be accepted in the second crop in some part of Taiwan
(13(1):1-15)水稻嘉農242號品種生態變異之初步調查
No full textSeeds of rice variety Chianung No. 242 were sampled from various places of the island and the data on characters of particular importance were taken from sampled seed, nursery, paddy field and harvested grains to measure the variations among samples and the effect of sources of seed on the succeeding crop. A total of 25 samples were compared on non-fertilized and fertilized plots with 4 replications arranged in split-plot design with two fertilizations as main plots and 25 samples as sub-plots. The experiment was carried out at Chiayi Agricultural Experiment Station on the second crop of 1963.
Seeds produced at different places were significantly different in morphological characters and there were some indications that certain physiological changes might also have taken place in different sources of seed. Differences in morphological characters of length, width and thickness of seeds disappeared after one crop cultivation at this station, but difference in weight of 1,000 grains still remained significant. The differences in the former three characters of seeds appear to be the environmental fluctuation which does not affect the next generation.
Statistically significant differences in seedlings, components of yield and most of the agronomic characters of rice plants grown from different sources of seed were obtained. The differences in these characters possibly include the after-effects of the environment during seed formation and genetical variations resulted from differential selection of the particular environment where the variety happens to grow. However, what actually caused the differences is not obvious.
Grain yield was not significantly affected by different sources of seed, suggest-ing that Chianung No. 242 now widely grown at various parts of the island may still have a same level of productivity. A tendency seemed to prevail for the foundation seeds to yield better than the seeds produced by farmers. It is still not clearly known that a given place was a better source of seed for this variety.
No significant difference in rice blast susceptibility was evident, indicating that Chianung No. 242 now under cultivation in Taiwan may still maintain the same degree of resistance to rice blast disease. However, seeds produced at cool, high altitude valleys seemed to be less resistant to this disease than those produced at coastal plains.
本試驗以探究水稻嘉農242號品種在各推廣區域有否因受自然環境，耕種制度以及栽培年代之不同而發生之變異為目的，試驗分室內及田間兩方面進行，調查由全省各地收集該品種25個樣谷之各種有關性狀。田間試驗採裂區設計，以不施肥及標準施肥為主區，25個樣谷為副區，重複四次，本試驗於民國52年第2期作在嘉義農業試驗分所舉行，玆將所得結果摘要如下：
由不同地區，所得之嘉農242號品種間，其谷粒之粒長、粒幅、粒厚及千粒重，差異均極為顯著。且發芽率及發芽勢亦有差異。粒長、粒幅、粒厚之差異在本分所經過一期作之後即見消失。故其變異原因似為環境之影響，非屬遺傳性變異。
地區不同之嘉農242號品種 • 在秧苗，稻株各農藝性狀，均有顯著之差異存在。此種變異，可能包括由環境獲得之後作用及因環境而形成之遺傳變異，惟真正變果原因，尚待查明。
不同地區之嘉農242號品種，其產量並無顯著之差異。由此推測，目前在本省各地栽培之嘉農242號品種猶有相等之生產力，就本試驗所得結果尚難確定某一地區校適合繁殖高生產力之稻種。
本試驗生育初期普遍發生稻熱病。在不同地區所得嘉農242號品種間，其葉稻熱病罹病率之差異不顯著。由此言喻，本省各地正在推廣之嘉農242號品種，對葉稻熱病似仍具有相同程度之抵抗力，但高海拔地區生產之稻種，其後代之抗病性似較平地生產者為弱
(16(2):14-21)栽植密度影響水稻什交第二代後裔主要農藝性狀遺傳力及相關之研究
No full textEight agronomic traits of a rice cross, Tainae 3 × Pi No. 4, were studied in in the F2 population in the second crop of 1965 to 3 spacings, i.e., wide, standard, and close spacings with distance between rows and hills of 25 × 40, 25 × 20, and 25 × 10, respectively. Data for all traits were obtained on individual plants randomly selected.
Close spacing caused a drastic decrease in panicles and grain yield per plant whereas plant height, panicle weight, and grains per panicle decreased very slightly. Heading date and weight of 100-grain were practically not affected by spacing.
Estimates of heritability for panicles and grain yield per plant were low largely due to the low genotypic variance of F2 population. Heritabilities for other traits were in general higher. Heritability estimates for traits in wide and standard spacings were larger than those in close spacing.
Grain yield per plant was closely associated with panicles per plant and plant height in close spacing, and with grains per panicle, panicle weight, and panicle length in wide and standard spacing.
水稻品種臺南3號，Pi No 4及其雜交第二代後裔分別種植於三種不同栽植密度即疏植（行株距25×40公分），標準植（行株距25×20公分）及密植（行株距25×10公分）並從各栽植密度隨機選取單株調查有關農藝性狀。
每株穗數及每株谷重均隨栽植密度之增加而急減，株高，穗長與每穗粒數亦有遞減現象，生育日數及百粒重受栽植密度影響甚微。
每株穗數及每株谷重之遺傳力較低，而其他農藝性狀之遺傳力則較高，在疏植及標準環境下估計之遺傳力，一般言之，均較密植處理者為高。
在密植區每株谷重與每株穗數及株高具有密切正相關，而在疏植及標準植區，其每株谷重與每穗粒數，穗重及穗長等性狀之相關極高
(17(1):1-6)肥料分施對水稻產量、產量構成因素、及其他農藝性狀之效果(五)
No full textThe effect of time of nitrogen application on grain yield, its components, and some agronomic traits of rice evaluated in both crops of 1967 at the Chiayi Agricultural Experiment Station are reported.
The application of nitrogen at panicle formation stage did not make itself felt in the first crop, however, it was highly effective in the second crop. The increase of yield appeared to be due largely to the increase in number of grains per panicle and weight of 1,000 grains. Top-dressing of nitrogen at heading stage did not contribute to the incre-ase of grain yield.
Time of nitrogen application did not affect heading date, but maturity date was significantly delayed by application of nitrogen at heading stage. The nitrogen applicat-ion at panicle formation stage generally produced larger and heavier panicles. There was also an indication for a tall plant to be associated with a high yielding ability.
本文係報告嘉義農業試驗分所於民國56年承辦全省性水稻肥料分施試驗所得之結果。
在幼穗形成期施用氮肥之效果，對第一期作水稻產量之影響不大，但對第二期作水稻却有明顯之增產效果，其增產原因為每穗粒數與千粒重之增加，在抽穗期施用氮肥未見成效。氮肥分施不影響生育日數，但抽穗期施用氮肥可延遲水稻之成熟期。幼穗形成期施用氮肥，有利於株高，穗長及穗重之發育
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