330 research outputs found
German employers and the origins of unemployment insurance. Skills interest or strategic accommodation?
Get PDFThis paper analyzes the attitudes of industrial employers during the German Empire and the Weimar Republic towards the adoption of public unemployment insurance. While employers initially opposed unemployment insurance, they eventually endorsed it. What explains this shift in attitude? The paper tests two alternative theses: the conventional power resource thesis and the newer skills interest thesis. While the power resource thesis explains social protection as the result of distributive conflicts between employers and labor, the skills interest thesis sees it as an outcome of joint interests in skills investment by capital and labor. The study concludes that the power resource thesis has the greater explanatory power. Employers' support of unemployment insurance was an attempt to defeat other policy options on the agenda rather than an effort to promote skills investment. An unfavorable policy legacy and a sustained change in political majorities are the main factors that explain the change in positions. Fear of rising labor costs and the erosion of work incentives shaped employers' preferences rather than an interest in protecting skills investments. On a more general level, the results show the significant impact of political constraints on the positions actors take and the importance of short-term considerations in processes of preference formation. -- Dieses Papier untersucht die Haltung industrieller Arbeitgeber zur Einführung einer staatlichen Arbeitslosenversicherung in Deutschland zur Zeit des Kaiserreichs und der Weimarer Republik. Arbeitgeber lehnten ursprünglich eine staatliche Arbeitslosenversicherung ab, stimmten ihr jedoch am Ende zu. Was erklärt diesen Positionswandel? Das Papier testet zwei alternative Erklärungsansätze: die konventionelle Machtressourcenthese (power resource thesis) und die neuere Qualifi kationsinteressensthese (skills interest thesis). Die erste These erklärt den Umfang sozialer Sicherung durch Verteilungskonflikte zwischen Arbeitnehmern und Arbeitgebern, die zweite durch gemeinsame Interessen von Arbeitgebern und Arbeitnehmern an Ausbildungsinvestitionen. Die Studie kommt zu dem Schluss, dass die Machtressourcenthese den Haltungswandel besser erklärt als die Qualifikationsinteressensthese. Die empirische Analyse zeigt, dass Arbeitgeber die Einführung einer staatlichen Arbeitslosenversicherung unterstützten, um andere Optionen abzuwehren, nicht um höhere Qualifikationsniveaus zu fördern. Die Studie identifiziert die Überwindung eines als problematisch bewerteten Politikerbes sowie den Wandel politischer Mehrheitsverhältnisse als die wichtigsten Erklärungsfaktoren. Die wirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen einer Arbeitslosenversicherung sahen Arbeitgeber kritisch: Sie erwarteten primär höhere Lohnkosten und geringere Arbeitsanreize, nicht jedoch eine höhere Bereitschaft zu Ausbildungsinvestitionen. Die Studie verdeutlicht den Einfluss sich wandelnder politischer Zwänge auf die inhaltliche Positionierung politischer Akteure sowie ihre oft kurzfristige Orientierung bei der Präferenzbildung.
Dore, Marie Catharine (Birth, 1878-07-22)
No full textAddress: E. 4th St.4092/Pg. 123/1878/F W/Ire./Ohio/Chas. J. Knippe - Paster St. Philomena ChurchOriginal record filed in drawer labeled 'DOOLEY-DRAH'
Historia fucorum
No full textError in pagination: p. 237 misnumbered 227First 4 plates numbered: IA, IB, IIA, IIBMode of access: Internet.Special Collections copy formerly owned by John Crerar LibrarySpecial Collections copy bound in period mottled calf, gilt spine, and paste paster endpaper
Postor Welcomed
No full textPhotograph used for a story in the Daily Oklahoman newspaper. Caption: "Member of the St. Luke's Methodist church Wednesday night held a reception for their new paster, Rev. W. B. Selah, Mrs. Selah and members of their family, shown above.
Closed loop performance of polypyrrole linear contractile actuators
No full textConducting polymer actuators such as polypyrrole can generate stresses over 10 times larger than skeletal muscle and have typical repeatable strains between 1% and 12%, making them potential candidates for lightweight, low-cost, robotic applications. Polypyrrole linear actuators under closed loop control have not been previously reported. Here we report the open and closed loop performance of polypyrrole linear contractile actuators evaluated at pre-loaded stresses of 1 MPa to 3 MPa. A standard PI control scheme driving a potentiostat was implemented in conjunction with positioning feedback from a DC/DC linear variable differential transformer (LVDT). A dynamic positioning range of 3400 is reported, with a positioning resolution of 125 nm (0.001% strain) and a maximum repeatable displacement of 427 microns (3.6% strain). The open loop frequency response of actuator strain shows characteristics of a first-order low pass filter with a log gain versus log frequency slope near -1 for frequencies tested between 0.05 Hz to 2 Hz. The closed loop frequency response of actuator strain when tracking a sinusoidal set-point signal of 0.5% strain shows characteristics of a first order system with one zero, with a corner frequency near 0.08 Hz and an operating bandwidth up to 1 Hz. Step responses at various controller output maximum voltages show a reduction in contractile response times by a factor of four, where higher voltages yield faster contractile responses.United States. Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (Grant NBCHC080001
Tortoise versus Hare: Pop-up Coloring Book
No full textThis 8½ x 11 book is in a series that also includes, up until now, Red Riding Hood and Three Pigs. Sturdy cardstock allows for cutting out sections and gluing them in clearly marked places for the effects of a pop-up book. The version of TH here is strange to me. The tortoise is clumsy. The hare slips on apples and sends them flying. One of the apples lands on the tortoise and shoots him out of his shell. The young cutter-and-paster can decide who wins the race. And the young reader can color in these black-and-white designs.Çlirim Muça; English translation by Besjana Gorreja and Myfanwy Woods-Jac
Paster, Tillie (Birth, 1906-11-19)
No full textAddress: 552 Betts St.5863/Pg 42/1906/F W/Russia/Russia/Dr. L. J. FogelOriginal record filed in drawer labeled 'PARHAM-PATTERSON,F'
Multi-component single-substrate conducting polymer actuation systems and fabrication techniques
No full textConducting polymer materials can be employed as actuation elements, length sensors, force sensors, energy storage devices, and electrical components. Combining the various functionalities of conducting polymers to create singlesubstrate, integrated systems remains a challenge, as chemical and electrical insulation barriers, adhesion techniques, and the possibility of scaling need to be taken into consideration. Here fabrication techniques for combining multiple conducting polymer components by means of electrically insulated, mechanical attachments are developed. Electrochemically synthesized polypyrrole substrates were coated with thin films of polystyrene, Parylene, and polyimide. The isotonic actuation performance of each coated film was evaluated in comparison to non-coated films, with an observed decrease in peak-to-peak maximum strain output near 95% (polystyrene and Parylene), 20% (vacuum, 0.8 Pa), 50% (curing at 110°C) and 20% (localized polyimide deposition). The chemical barrier properties of each manufacturing technique were evaluated by exposing the coated polypyrrole substrates to an oxidative chemical vapor deposition of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). Vapor-deposited PEDOT made the insulation layers of polystyrene and Parylene conductive at thicknesses up to four microns. Spin-coated films of polyimide, greater than ten microns thick, maintained electrical insulation properties after PEDOT depositions. Conducting polymer film-to-film attachments using each manufacturing technique were attempted, with polyimide working successfully when employed under a specific deposition, drying, and curing protocol, as discussed. Three dimensional conducting polymer actuation systems composed of actuators, length sensors, and energy storage devices were constructed on flexible, single substrates. These results build a foundation upon which scalable, self-powered, polymer actuation systems can be developed.United States. Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (Grant NBCHC080001
The role of business in the development of the welfare state and labor markets in Germany : containing social reforms
Get PDFThis book assesses the role of employers in the development of welfare state and labour market institutions. Building on an in-depth analysis of Germany, a market economy known to often provide economic benefits to firms, this book explores one of the most contested issues in the comparative and historical literature on the welfare state. In a departure from existing employer-centered explanations, the author applies new empirical data to contend that the variation in acceptance of social reform depends more on changes in the types of political challenges faced by employers, than on changes in the type of institutions considered economically beneficial. Covering major reforms spanning more than a century of institutional development in unemployment insurance, accident insurance, pensions, collective bargaining, and codetermination, this book argues that employers support social policy as a means to contain political outcomes that would have been worse, including labour unrest and more radical reform plans. Using new and controversial findings on the role of employers in welfare state development, this book considers the conditions for a peaceful coexistence of a generous welfare state and the business world.1. Introduction
2. Theory: Economic Interests and Political Constraints
3. The Origins of Employers’ Associations: Coordinating against Organized Labor
4. Bismarck’s Social Reforms: Employers and Social Pacification
5. World War I and Its Consequences: Class Collaboration in Exceptional Times
6. Business and the Origins of Unemployment Insurance: Protecting Work Incentives
7. Business after World War II: The "Social Market Economy"
8. Post-War Social Policy Reforms: Containing Welfare Expansion
9. Codetermination: Employers against Economic Democracy
10. Employers and the German Model Today
11. Conclusions: How Employers Shaped the Welfare StatePublished version of EUI PhD thesis, 200
I-voting and Public Policy Approach: Cross-case comparative analysis of i-voting policy in Norway, Estonia and Switzerland
No full textThis report analyses what factors determine the termination of the i-voting policy in Norway by employing a cross-case analysis of the i-voting policy in Norway, Estonia and Switzerland using a method of difference. It employs the public policy approach, basing the theoretical framework on Lowi’s (1972) thesis “Policies determine politics” and conceptualises the i-voting policy type, as a governance policy following Tolbert’s (2002) contribution, adding to Lowi’s (1972) policy typology. The study finds that political will and its relation to the intention of the policy was able to show effects on different stages of the policy cycle, like the adoption of the policy to the legal framework and its specifications, policy implementation in terms of different choices in target groups and approaches, and lastly, policy evaluation/ termination in terms of what metrics were the policy evaluated upon. The author also suggests the relevance of further research on stakeholder influence in i-voting policymaking could utilise this governance policy concept broader, showing its comprehensive applicability. Moreover, a better understanding of what exact implications the change in government had in Norway’s case could tell us more about the political costs and associated risks that (at the time) the newly elected government did not intend to take and why
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