32,763 research outputs found
A comment on "Intergenerational equity: sup, inf, lim sup, and lim inf"
No full textWe reexamine the analysis of Chambers (Social Choice and Welfare, 2009), that produces a characterization of a family of social welfare functions in the context of intergenerational equity: namely, those that coincide with either the sup, inf, lim sup, or lim inf rule. Reinforcement, ordinal covariance, and monotonicity jointly identify such class of rules. We show that the addition of a suitable axiom to this three properties permits to characterize each particular rule. A discussion of the respective distinctive properties is provided.Social welfare function; Intergenerational equity; Lim sup ; Lim inf
Multiple functions of LIM domain-binding CLIM/NLI/Ldb cofactors during zebrafish development
No full textThe crucial involvement of CLIM/NLI/Ldb cofactors for the exertion of the biological activity of LIM homeodomain transcription factors (LIM-HD) has been demonstrated. In this paper we show that CLIM cofactors are widely expressed during zebrafish development with high protein levels in specific neuronal cell types where LIM-HD proteins of the Isl class are synthesized. The overexpression of a dominant-negative CLIM molecule (DN-CLIM) that contains the LIM interaction domain (LID) during early developmental stages of zebrafish embryos results in an impairment of eye and midbrain-hindbrain boundary (MHB) development and disturbances in the formation of the anterior midline. On a cellular level we show that the outgrowth of peripheral but not central axons from Rohon Beard (RB) and trigeminal sensory neurons is inhibited by DN-CLIM overexpression. We demonstrate a further critical role of CLIM cofactors for axonal outgrowth of motor neurons. Additionally, DN-CLIM overexpression causes an increase of Isl-protein expression levels in specific neuronal cell types, likely due to a protection of the DN-CLIM/LIM-HD complex from proteasomal degradation. Our results demonstrate multiple roles of the CLIM cofactor family for the development of entire organs, axonal outgrowth of specific neurons and protein expression levels
Four and a half LIM protein 1C (FHL1C)
No full textFour-and-a-half LIM domain protein 1 isoform A (FHL1A) is predominantly expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Mutations in the FHL1 gene are causative for several types of hereditary myopathies including X-linked myopathy with postural muscle atrophy (XMPMA). We here studied myoblasts from XMPMA patients. We found that functional FHL1A protein is completely absent in patient myoblasts. In parallel, expression of FHL1C is either unaffected or increased. Furthermore, a decreased proliferation rate of XMPMA myoblasts compared to controls was observed but an increased number of XMPMA myoblasts was found in the G(0)/G(1) phase. Furthermore, low expression of K(v1.5), a voltage-gated potassium channel known to alter myoblast proliferation during the G(1) phase and to control repolarization of action potential, was detected. In order to substantiate a possible relation between K(v1.5) and FHL1C, a pull-down assay was performed. A physical and direct interaction of both proteins was observed in vitro. In addition, confocal microscopy revealed substantial colocalization of FHL1C and K(v1.5) within atrial cells, supporting a possible interaction between both proteins in vivo. Two-electrode voltage clamp experiments demonstrated that coexpression of K(v1.5) with FHL1C in Xenopus laevis oocytes markedly reduced K(+) currents when compared to oocytes expressing K(v1.5) only. We here present the first evidence on a biological relevance of FHL1C
The influence of high-intensity exercise training on the W(lim)-T(lim) relationship
No full textWhen exercise to exhaustion is performed using at least two different intensities, work to fatigue (W(lim)) can be expressed as a linear function of time to fatigue (T(lim)). Whereas the slope of this function is related to endurance ability, the y-intercept is associated with the potential to perform high intensity interval exercise. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the influence of 8-wk intermittent high-intensity exercise training on the y-intercept derived from the W(lim)-T(lim) relationship. Eight healthy, untrained male students (19.1 +/- 0.6 yr) completed five 60-s bouts of maximal exercise on the cycle ergometer, three times a week, for 8 wk. Seven controls avoided regular activity for the same period. Prior to and immediately following the training period, the W(lim)-T(lim) relationship, VO2max, and total work completed in five 60-s exercise bouts on the cycle ergometer were determined. Correlational analysis established relationships between the y-intercept and total work accomplished in the interval test pre- (r = 0.90; P < 0.01; N = 15) and post-training (r = 0.92; P < 0.0 1; N = 15), confirming that the y-intercept is related to the ability to perform exercise of this nature. Moreover, the ''anaerobic'' energy yield, calculated from total work and oxygen consumed during the interval exercise, was also related to the y-intercept (r = 0.78; P < 0.01). Interval training significantly increased both the y-intercept (P = 0.0015) and total work accomplished in the interval test (P = 0.001), while the slope of the W(lim)-T(lim) relationship (critical power) remained unchanged. Changes in the y-intercept were correlated to changes in total work accomplished (r = 0.85; P < 0.01). Furthermore, peak post-exercise plasma lactate concentration resulting from the interval task increased from 12.2 +/- 1.6 to 16.3 +/- 0.9 mmol.-1 (P = 0.003), while oxygen consumed during this exercise demand was not significantly changed with training (P = 0. 166). The present study has demonstrated that not only does the y-intercept of the W(lim)-T(lim) relationship provide a measure of the ability to undertake repeated bouts of maximal, high intensity exercise, but that this particular characteristic is also responsive to exhaustive interval training
Yves-Heng Lim
No full textYves-Heng Lim est enseignant-chercheur au Département d’Etudes de Sécurité et de Criminologie de l’Université Macquarie, Sydney. Il est l’auteur de China’s Naval Power: An Offensive Realist Approach (Ashgate, 2014). Yves-Heng Lim is a lecturer at the Department of Security Studies and Criminology, Macquarie University. He is the author of China’s Naval Power: An Offensive Realist Approach (Ashgate, 2014)
Residually finite groups / Lim Hui Min
No full textIn this thesis, we will study a stronger residually finite property called weak potency. More precisely, we aim to study the weak potency of HNN extensions and generalised free products of weakly potent groups and the main tools we used are lters.
First we study the weak potency of HNN extensions by introducing the concept of h-filters and then use it to prove the main criterion. Then we prove several characterisations for the weak potency of certain HNN extensions with cyclic associated subgroups as well as a characterisation for the Baumslag-Solitar groups. Next, we will also apply our results to HNN extensions of finitely generated nilpotent groups. We shall give characterisations for certain HNN extensions of characteristically weakly potent groups with finitely generated central associated subgroups and HNN extensions of free abelian groups of finite rank to be weakly potent.
In the last part we study the weak potency of generalised free products. Werst introduce w-filter and prove a criterion for generalised free products to be weakly potent. By using it, we then give characterisations for the weak potency of generalised free products with cyclic amalgamated subgroups and with central amalgamated subgroups. Then we extend the results to tree products of finitely many groups. Finally we show that certain one-relator groups with torsion are weakly potent
Goniozus mesolevis Lim, sp. nov.
No full textGoniozus mesolevis Lim, sp. nov. (Figs 25–32) Type materials. Holotype. KOREA: JN: Ƥ, Pungsan, Dado, Naju, MT, 30.viii– 9.ix. 2005, S. B. Yu leg (KFRI). Paratypes. KOREA: Seoul: Ƥ, Cheongyangri, Dongdaemun, MT, 12–20.ix. 2005, D. P. Lyu leg. (KFRI). GG: Ƥ, Gwanak arboretum, Manan, Anyang, MT, 31 viii– 14.ix. 2007, J. O. Lim leg. (SNU). GW: Ƥ, Jinae, Dong, Chuncheon, MT, 2–10.vii. 2005, S. J. Jang leg. (KFRI); Ƥ, ditto, MT, 16–30.vi. 2006, S. J. Jang leg. (SNU); Ƥ, ditto, MT, 31.vii– 12.viii. 2007, S. J. Jang leg. (KFRI). CN: Ƥ, Donam, Banpo, Gongju, MT, 2–9.viii. 2005, Y. T. Kim leg. (KFRI); 2 Ƥ, ditto, MT, 23–29.vii. 2007, Y. T. Kim leg. (KFRI). GB: Ƥ, Namsa, Hyeongok, Kyeongju, MT, 11–18.viii. 2005, J. T. Kim leg. (SNU); 2 Ƥ, ditto, MT, 25.viii– 2.ix. 2005, J. T. Kim leg. (SNU); Ƥ, ditto, MT, 30.vi– 14.vii. 2005, J. T. Kim leg. (SNU). GN: 5 Ƥ, Dapcheon, Ibanseong, Jinju, MT, 12–26.ix. 2005, B. G. Ahn leg. (KFRI); 2 Ƥ, ditto, MT, 29.viii– 12.ix. 2005, B. G. Ahn leg. (KFRI); 2 Ƥ, ditto, MT, 11–28.vi. 2007, B. G. Ahn leg. (KFRI). JB: Ƥ, Majeong, Buk, Jeongeub, MT, 12–19.vii. 2005, J. W. Park leg. (KFRI); 4 Ƥ, ditto, MT, 19–26.vii. 2005, J. W. Park leg. (KFRI); 3 Ƥ, ditto, MT, 20–27.ix. 2005, J. W. Park leg. (KFRI); Ƥ, ditto, MT, 2–9.viii. 2005, J. W. Park leg. (KFRI); Ƥ, ditto, MT, 5–12.vii. 2005, J. W. Park leg. (KFRI). JN: Ƥ, Pungsan, Dado, Naju, MT, 25.vii– 8.viii. 2005, S. B. Yu leg. (KFRI); Ƥ, ditto, MT, 8–16.viii. 2005, S. B. Yu leg. (KFRI); 9 Ƥ, ditto, MT, 9–30.ix. 2005, S. B. Yu leg. (KFRI); Ƥ, ditto, MT, 25–31.viii. 2007, S. B. Yu leg. (KFRI). Diagnosis. This species species is similar to G. kusigematii Terayama, 1999 from Japan by having basal triangle area on propodeal disc absent, by longitudinal smooth area which get wide distally on propodeal disc, but can be easily distinguished from it by mandible black (yellow in G. k u s i g e m a t i i), by compound eye with short hairs (compound eye without hairs in G. kusigematii), by transverse carina on propodeal disc present only postero-lateral corner (transverse carina complete in G. k u s i g e m a t i i). Description. FEMALE (holotype). Body length 3.7 mm long. LFW 2.0 mm. Color. Head: mandible black, antenna yellow except flagellomere 5 to 11 and dorsal surface of basal half of scape castaenous. Mesosoma: black; fore wing subhyaline, veins pale castaneous; legs castaenous except coxa, tibia and tarsi yellow; tarsal claw dark castaenous. Metasoma: dark castaneous except distal surface of terga 2 to terminal pale castaenous. Head (Figs 26–28): 1.0 × as long as wide, coriaceous; lateral margin convex, posterior margin straight, postero-lateral corner forming round angle in dorsal view; lateral surface smooth and polished. Mandible with four minute teeth. Clypeus well-developed, frontal angle right; fronto-clypeal median longitudinal carina weakly developed, exceeding antennal socket. First antennal segment in ratio of 2.4: 1.1: 1.0: 1.2: 1.1 in length; from scape to flagellomere 3 and 11 2.2, 1.4, 1.4, 1.3, 1.5 and 2.0 × as long as wide, Frons and vertex coriaceous with sub-erect and relatively dense punctures, aparted from each other by 1.0–2.0 × as wide as their maximum diameter. WF 1.3 × LE, WF 0.7 × WH. Compound eye 0.35 mm long with short erect hairs. LE 1.6 × OOL, WF 1.9 × WOT. Frontal angle of ocellar triangle obtuse, POL 2.3 × AOL, OOL 0.9 × WOT. Vertex coriaceous with four long hairs on occipital margin. Mesosoma (Figs 29–31): Pronotum coriaceous, 0.6 × as long as wide with sparse hairs, antero-lateral corner obtuse. Mesoscutum coriaceous; notauli absent; parapsidal furrows thin and anteriorly divergent. Scutellum polish and coriaceous with sparse small punctures; scutellar pit elliptical, oblique and connected by 3.8 × as wide as their maximum diameter. Propodeal disc 0.5 × as long as wide, lateral carina complete, transverse carina present only postero-lateral corner; disc coriaceous except median longitudinal smooth surface, distally broaden in dorsal view; declivity coriaceous with complete marginal carina; lateral surface coriaceous. Fore wing with hairs and closed areolet; radial vein roundly curved; pterostigma 0.18 mm long; metacarpo absent. Metasoma (Fig. 32): Tergite 1 smooth and polished without fine punctures and microreticulation. Terga 2–4 smooth and polished with very fine and few punctures and sparse hairs on lateral surface. Terga 5 to terminal with sparse hairs on distal surface. MALE. Unknown. Distribution. Korea (CN, GB, GG, GN, GW, JB, JN, Seoul).Published as part of Lim, Jongok & Lee, Seunghwan, 2012, Review of Goniozus Förster, 1856 (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Korea, with descriptions of two new species, pp. 43-57 in Zootaxa 3414 on pages 51-53, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21079
Platyrrhinus guianensis Velazco & Lim, 2014, new species
No full textPlatyrrhinus guianensis new species Guianan Broad-nosed Bat Figures 4–7 P [latyrrhinus]. helleri: Lim, 1993: 162 (part) Platyrrhinus helleri: Smith and Kerry, 1996: 932 (part) Platyrrhinus helleri: Lim and Engstrom, 2000: 121 P [latyrrhinus]. helleri: Lim and Engstrom, 2001 a: 632 (part) Platyrrhinus helleri: Lim and Engstrom, 2001 b: 664 (part) Platyrrhinus helleri: Engstrom and Lim, 2002: 364 (part) Platyrrhinus helleri: Lim and Norman, 2002: 54 P [latyrrhinus]. helleri: Lim et al., 2002: 1239 (part) Platyrrhinus helleri: Lim and Engstrom, 2005: 77 (part) Platyrrhinus helleri: Lim et al., 2005 a: 244 (part) Platyrrhinus helleri: Lim et al., 2005 b: 87 (part) Platyrrhinus helleri: Clare et al., 2007: 187 (part) Platyrrhinus helleri: Borisenko et al., 2008: 475 (part) Platyrrhinus helleri: Lim, 2009: 45 (part) P [latyrrhinus]. recifinus: Velazco, 2009: 259 (part) Platyrrhinus recifinus: Tavares and Velazco, 2010: 119 (part) Platyrrhinus helleri: Clare et al., 2011: 8 (part) Platyrrhinus helleri: Clare, 2011: 4 (part) Platyrrhinus helleri: Lim, 2012: 253 (part) Platyrrhinus helleri: Lim and Tavares, 2012: 115 (part) Holotype. Dried skin, skull and skeleton of an adult pregnant female, Royal Ontario Museum (ROM) number 113465, obtained 20 September 2001 by Burton K. Lim and Zacharias Norman (original field number F 50445). The skin, skull, and skeleton are in good condition. Frozen tissues are deposited at the Royal Ontario Museum (F 50445). Type locality. Pobawau Creek mouth, 100 m; Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo; Guyana, 3 ° 16 ’ 3.1 ”N, 58 ° 46 ’ 42.7 ”W (Fig. 3). Paratypes. The skin, skull, and skeleton of an adult male (ROM 108487) caught on 8 October 1997 at 38 mi Camp, 35 km SW Kurupukari, 100 m, Iwokrama Forest, Potaro-Siparuni, Guyana, 4 ° 22 ’W, 58 ° 51 ’W; one skin and skull of an adult male (ROM 114070) caught on 16 April 2002 and one skin, skull, and skeleton of an adult pregnant female (ROM 113991) caught on 13 April 2002 at Brownsberg Nature Park headquarters, 500 m, Brokopondo, Suriname, 4 ° 57 ’N, 55 ° 11 ’W; and the skin and skull of an adult male (ROM 114195) caught on 21 April 2002 at Km 2.4 Wittie Kreek trail, 300 m, Brownsberg Nature Park, Brokopondo, Suriname, 4 ° 56 ’N, 55 ° 10 ’W. The holotype and 4 paratypes, along with 31 other specimens from the known distributional range, are listed in Appendix 1 (Fig. 3). Measurements of each specimen of the type series of P. guianensis are provided in Table 4. Distribution. Platyrrhinus guianensis is known from Guyana and Suriname (Fig. 3). Etymology. The species name is derived from the Latin description of its endemic distribution in the Guiana region of South America. Diagnosis. Platyrrhinus guianensis is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of external and craniodental characteristics. The ventral fur is dark gray; ventral fur unicolor; dorsal stripe wide and brilliant white; fringe of hair along margin of uropatagium long, conspicuously dense, and pale yellow. The skull of P. guianensis lacks a fossa on the squamosal root of the zygomatic arch. Dentally, two stylar cuspules are present on the posterior cristid of P 4; and one stylid cuspulid on the anterior cristid of p 4. Description. Platyrrhinus guianensis is a small Platyrrhinus (FA 37–41 mm) distinguished from its sister species P. recifinus by its smaller size and shorter skull (Table 5; Velazco & Gardner 2009, Table 2–4 and 7). However, measurements of P. guianensis overlap with P. angustirostris, P. brachycephalus, P. fusciventris, P. helleri, P. i n c a r u m, and P. matapalensis (Tables 4 –5). Dorsal fur mostly dark brown, but paler on the upper dorsum; dorsal fur is bicolored with darker tips; facial stripes wide and white; dorsal stripe brilliant white; ventral fur dark gray, individual hairs unicolored; pinnae have well-marked fold lines; tragus and anterior and posterior rims of pinnae bright yellow (Fig. 4); lateral borders of the proximal half of the noseleaf and borders of the horseshoe yellow; inferior border of the horseshoe completely free of upper lip; posterior margin of uropatagium has the shape of an inverted ‘U’; hair on upper surface of feet brown, long and dense (Fig. 5); fringe of hair along the trailing margin of uropatagium long, conspicuously dense, and pale yellow; metacarpal III longer than metacarpal V. Rostrum is slender; has a well developed anterior notch in the nasals; postorbital processes moderately developed; paraoccipital processes poorly developed; two infraorbital foramina present; posterior border of hard palate ‘V’-shaped (Fig. 6); fossa on the squamosal root of the zygomatic arch absent; and paraoccipital and paracondylar processes poorly developed. Upper inner incisors bilobed and convergent, not in contact, and tips extend below level of cingula of upper canines; upper outer incisors monolobate; two stylar cuspules on posterior cristid of P 4; hypoconal basin fossa of P 4 shallow; M 1 parastyle present; M 1 mesostyle absent; M 1 metacone divided in two cones; M 1 metacone labial cingulum present; stylar cuspule absent on lingual cingulum of M 1 metacone; sulcus on posterior cristid of paracone joined to cingulum of lingual face of metacone on M 1; M 1 metastyle present; M 1 protocone well developed; M 2 parastyle present; labial cingulum present on M 2 paracone; stylar cuspule on lingual face of M 2 paracone absent; M 2 metastyle present; stylar cuspule absent on lingual face of M 2 metacone; lingual cingulum of the M 2 metacone not extending to the paracone; developed M 2 hypoconal basin; M 3 minute; labial and lingual cingulids on p 4; one stylid cuspulid on anterior cristid of p 4; two stylid cuspulids on posterior cristid of p 4; m 1 paraconid poorly developed; labial and lingual cingulids present on m 1; stylid cuspulid present on anterior cristid of m 1 protoconid; m 1 metaconid well developed; m 2 hypoconid absent; stylid cuspulid between the metaconid and protoconid poorly developed on m 2; labial and lingual cingulids present on m 2. Comparisons. Platyrrhinus guianensis can be confused with P. angustirostris, P. brachycephalus, P. fusciventris, P. he l l e r i, P. i nc a r u m, and P. matapalensis because their external and cranial measurements overlap (Table 3–4). But it can be easily distinguished from P. brachycephalus and P. matapalensis by the presence of one accessory cuspulid on the anterolingual cristid of p 4 (Fig. 7) (cuspulid lacking in P. matapalensis and two accessory cuspulids present in P. brachycephalus; Velazco 2005, fig. 27). Therefore, the following comparisons focus on differentiating P. guianensis from P. angustirostris, P. fusciventris, P. helleri, and P. incarum. Externally, ventral fur is dark gray in P. guianensis and P. angustirostris (brownish gray in P. i n c ar u m; pale gray in P. h el l e r i; brown in P. fusciventris); ventral fur unicolored in P. guianensis, P. angustirostris, P. fusciventris, and P. h el l e r i (bicolored in P. i nc a r u m); dorsal stripe wide and brilliant white in P. guianensis and P. he l l e r i (conspicuous but narrow in P. angustirostris, P. fusciventris, and P. incarum); tragus and anterior and posterior rims of pinnae bright yellow in P. guianensis, P. fusciventris, and P. helleri (whitish in P. angustirostris and P. incarum); lateral borders of the proximal half of the noseleaf and borders of the horseshoe yellow in P. guianensis, P. fusciventris, and P. he l l e r i (whitish in P. angustirostris and P. i n c ar um); posterior margin of uropatagium with a shape of an inverted ‘U’ in P. guianensis, P. angustirostris, and P. i n c ar u m (‘V’ shaped in P. fusciventris and P. helleri); fringe of hair along margin of uropatagium long, conspicuously dense, and pale yellow in P. guianensis (long, dense, and pale brown in P. helleri; long, dense, and whitish in P. fusciventris and P. i nc a r u m; short, dense, and pale brown in P. angustirostris); hair on the upper surface of feet brown, long and dense in P. guianensis, P. angustirostris, and P. i n c a r um (short and intermediate in density in P. fusciventris and P. hell eri); metacarpal III longer than metacarpal V in P. guianensis, P. angustirostris, and P. i n c a r um (metacarpals III and V subequal in P. fusciventris and P. he l l e r i). Cranially, there is a ‘V’-shaped posterior border of the hard palate in P. guianensis, P. angustirostris, P. hel leri, and P. i n c ar u m (‘V’- or ‘U’-shaped in P. fusciventris); fossa on the squamosal root of the zygomatic arch absent in P. guianensis, P. helleri, and P. i ncarum (shallow in P. angustirostris and P. fusciventris). Dentally, there are two stylar cuspules on posterior cristid of P 4 in P. guianensis, P. fusciventris, P. helleri, and P. i nc a r u m (three in P. angustirostris); stylar cuspule on lingual face of M 2 paracone absent in P. guianensis, P. angustirostris, and P. fusciventris (one stylar cuspule in P. he l l e r i and P. incarum); M 3 minute in P. guianensis and P. i n ca r u m (larger in P. h el l e r i, P. angustirostris, and P. fusciventris); one stylid cuspulid on the anterior cristid of p 4 in P. guianensis, P. fusciventris, and P. helleri (one or two in P. i n ca r u m and P. angustirostris); tall m 2 protoconid in P. guianensis, P. angustirostris, P. fusciventris, P. i n c a r um (Fig. 7) (shorter in P. helleri); hypoconid lacking on m 2 in P. guianensis, P. angustirostris, P. fusciventris, and P. helleri (poorly developed in P. i n c a r um); poorly developed stylid cuspulid between the metaconid and protoconid on m 2 in P. guianensis, P. fusciventris, and P. helleri (well developed in P. i ncarum and P. angustirostris). Natural history. Platyrrhinus guianensis has been documented from an elevational range of 60 to 500 m and is found primarily in rainforest (n= 33), but 3 individuals were netted in savanna. Of the 36 specimens examined, 16 are males and 20 females. Testes size (length by width in mm) ranged from 3 by 2 to 5 by 4. From 12 January to 9 February 2006, 8 of 10 females were pregnant with crown-rump (CR) measurements ranging from 4 to 13 mm. A female was pregnant on 13 April 2002 and another on 27 July 2009 with CR of 13 mm and 4 mm, respectively. Three females were pregnant on 20 and 21 September 2001 with CR ranging from 18 to 21 mm. A non-pregnant female was collected on 24 October 1997. A female had an embryo with CR of 26 mm collected on 31 October 2005. Two non-pregnant lactating females were caught on 8 and 11 November 1999 and one non-pregnant female was caught on 19 November 1997.Published as part of Velazco, Paúl M. & Lim, Burton K., 2014, A new species of broad-nosed bat Platyrrhinus Saussure, 1860 (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) from the Guianan Shield, pp. 175-193 in Zootaxa 3796 (1) on pages 181-189, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3796.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/22516
Professional attachment report [with] Chio Lim & Associates.
No full textThis report serves as a summary of the professional attachment. Besides touching on author experiences working with Chio Lim & Associates (CLA), it wil also touch on other issues before, during and after the program
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