3,995 research outputs found
Neural Signals Related to Outcome Evaluation Are Stronger in CA1 than CA3
No full textWe have shown previously that CA1 conveys significant neural signals necessary to update value of the chosen target, namely chosen value and reward signals. To better understand hippocampal neural processes related to valuation, we compared chosen value- and reward-related neural activity between the CA3 and CA1 regions. Single units were recorded with tetrodes from the dorsal CA3 and CA1 regions of rats performing a dynamic foraging task, and chosen value- and reward-related neural activity was estimated using a reinforcement learning model and multiple regression analyses. Neural signals for chosen value and reward converged in both CA3 and CA1 when a trial outcome was revealed. However, these neural signals were stronger in CA1 than CA3. Consequently, neural signals for reward prediction error and updated chosen value were stronger in CA1 than CA3. Together with our previous finding that CA1 conveys stronger value signals than the subiculum, our results raise the possibility that CA1 might play a particularly important role among hippocampal subregions in evaluating experienced events. © 2017 Lee, Huh, Lee, Ghim, Lee and Jung. © 2017 Lee, Huh, Lee, Ghim, Lee and Jung. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Copyright © 2017 Lee, Huh, Lee, Ghim, Lee and Jung. This is an open-access article
distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).
The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the
original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this
journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution
or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.1221Nsciescopu
Froggy went a-courting, he did ride, uh-huh,
No full textvoiceCollected by Max Hunter (H-5 ) Sung by J. W. Breazeal
For Mary C. Parler Springfield, Missouri
Transcribed by Frances Majors April 27, 1958
Reel 247, Item 13
Froggy Went A-Courting
Froggy went a-courting, he did ride, uh-huh,
Froggy went-a-courting, he did ride,
Sword and pistol by his side, uh-huh.
He rode till he came to the master's hall, uh-huh,
He rode till he came to the master's hall,
There he did both knock and call, uh-huh.
Took Miss Margy on his knee, uh-huh,
Took Miss Margy on his knee,
Says to her, Will you have me? uh-huh.
Old Uncle Rat he's gone from home, uh-huh,
Old Uncle Rat he's gone from home,
And I can't tell you till he's done come, uh-huh.
Uncle Rat laughed and shook his fat sides, uh-huh,
Uncle Rat laughed and shook his fat sides,
To think his niece would be a frog's bride, uh-huh.
Old Uncle Rat he galloped off to town, uh-huh,
Old Uncle Rat he galloped off to town
To buy his niece a wedding gown, uh-huh.
Where shall the wedding supper be? uh-huh,
Where shall the wedding supper be?
Way down yonder in a hallow tree, uh-huh.
What shall the wedding supper be? uh-huh
What shall the wedding supper be?
Two black beans and a blue-eyed pea, uh-huh.
First came in was an old black bug, uh-huh,
First came in was an old black bug,
He had his whiskey in his jug, uh-huh.
The next come in was a little black flea, uh-huh,
The next come in was a little black flea,
Had his fiddle on his knee, uh-huh.
Froggy Went-A-Courting (Cont'd)
Reel 247, Item 13 (Cont'd)
The next came in was an old sly cat, uh-huh,
The next came in was an old sly cat,
She says I'll put a stop to that, uh-huh.
Then Miss Mousy started up the wall, uh-huh,
Then Miss Mousy started up the wall,
Her foot slipped and she did fall, uh-huh.
The frog was left a widder then, uh-huh,
The frog was left a widder then,
Swore he never would marry again, uh-huh.
Started swimming across the brook, uh-huh,
Started swimming across the brook,
And an old black snake took him down his crook, uh-huh.
You may lay this all upon the shelf, uh-huh,
You may lay this all upon the shelf,
And if you want e'er nother one you must sing it yourself, uh-huh.Funding for digitization provided by the Arkansas Humanities Council and the Happy Hollow Foundation
Numerical Simulation of Plastic Flow by Finite Element Limit Analysis
No full textLimit analysis has been rendered versatile in many problems such as structural problems and metal forming problems. In metal forming analysis, a slip-line method and an upper bound method have filled the role of limit analysis. As a breakthrough of the previous work, computational approach to limit solutions is considered as the most challenging areas.
In the present work, a general algorithm for limit solutions of plastic flow is developed with the use of finite element limit analysis. The algorithm deals with a generalized Holder inequality, a procedure for finite element analaysis. The algorithm is robust such that from any initial trial solution, the first iteration falls into a convex set which contains the exact solution(s) of the problem, The idea of the algorithm for limit solution is extended from rigid/perfectly-plastic materials to work-hardening materials by the nature of the limit formulation, which is also robust with numerically stable convergence and highly efficient computing time
Prediction of fracture initiation in square cup drawing of DP980 using an anisotropic ductile fracture criterion
No full textThis paper deals with the prediction of fracture initiation in square cup drawing of DP980 steel sheet with the thickness of 1.2 mm. In an attempt to consider the influence of material anisotropy on the fracture initiation, an uncoupled anisotropic ductile fracture criterion is developed based on the Lou-Huh ductile fracture criterion. Tensile tests are carried out at different loading directions of 0 degrees, 45 degrees, and 90 degrees to the rolling direction of the sheet using various specimen geometries including pure shear, dog-bone, and flat grooved specimens so as to calibrate the parameters of the proposed fracture criterion. Equivalent plastic strain distribution on the specimen surface is computed using Digital Image Correlation (DIC) method until surface crack initiates. The proposed fracture criterion is implemented into the commercial finite element code ABAQUS/Explicit by developing the Vectorized User-defined MATerial (VUMAT) subroutine which features the non-associated flow rule. Simulation results of the square cup drawing test clearly show that the proposed fracture criterion is capable of predicting the fracture initiation with sufficient accuracy considering the material anisotropy
Crash Analysis of Auto-body Structures Considering the Strain-Rate Hardening Effect
No full textFISITA World Automotive Congress, 2000G292, pp.1~6, 2000.The crashworthiness of vehicles with finite element methods depends on the geometry modeling and the material properties. The vehicle body structures are generally composed of various members such as frames, stamped panels and deep-drawn parts from sheet metals. In order to ensure the impact characteristics of auto-body structures, the dynamic behavior of sheet metals must be examined to provide the appropriate constitutive relation. In this paper, high strain-rate tensile tests have been carried out with a tension type split Hopkinson bar apparatus specially designed for sheet metals. Experimental results from both static and dynamic tests with the tension split Hopkinson bar apparatus are interpolated to construct the Johnson-Cook and a modified Johnson-Cook equation as the constitutive relation, that should be applied to simulation of the dynamic behavior of auto-body structures. Simulation of auto-body structures has been carried out with an elasto-plastic finite element method with explicit time integration. The stress integration scheme with the plastic predictor-elastic corrector method is adopted in order to accurately keep track of the stress-strain relation for the rate-dependent model accurately. The crashworthiness of the structure with quasi-static constitutive relation is compared to the one with the rate-dependent constitutive model. Numerical simulation has been carried out for frontal frames and a hood of an automobile. Deformed shapes and the impact energy absorption of the structure are investigated with the variation of the strain rate
Estimation of atmospheric CO <sub>2</sub> uptake by silicate weathering in the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau: a review of existing fluvial geochemical data
No full textThe fluvial geochemical data of major rivers draining the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau (HTP) are compiled from literature and supplemented with data from the author's group to explore the spatial variability in the major element and strontium isotopic compositions and in rates of silicate weathering and concomitant drawdown of atmospheric CO2. The results indicate that carbonate weathering dominates the major element composition of these rivers, and when the silicate contributions are carefully separated, there is spatial variability within the HTP system. Silicate contributions are highest in the rivers of the Himalayan syntaxes and in the Yamuna, Alaknanda-Bhaghirathi and Kosi tributaries of the Ganges. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios are especially radiogenic in the Ganges tributaries but the values do not necessarily correlate with the relative input from silicate weathering. Even in the Yamuna tributary of the Ganges where rates of CO2 consumption by silicate weathering are several times those of the rivers of the eastern Tibetan Plateau, the rates are comparable to the rivers draining the Andes. Thus, the Ganges tributaries supply uniquely radiogenic 87Sr to the ocean but cannot be considered anomalous in terms of silicate weathering rates in comparison to other major rivers draining orogenic zones. © The Geological Society of London 2010.N
Providing ranked cooperative query answers using the metricized knowledge abstraction hierarchy
No full textCooperative query answering supports query relaxation and provides approximate answers as well as exact answers. To facilitate the query relaxation, a knowledge representation framework has been widely adopted, which accommodates semantic relationships or distance metrics to represent similarities among data values. In this paper, we propose a metricized knowledge abstraction hierarchy (MKAH) that supports mufti-level data abstraction hierarchy and distance metric among data values. We show that the abstraction hierarchy is useful in representing the semantic relationship, and the abstraction hierarchy can provide data values with different scope according to their abstraction levels. The distance metric expresses the semantic similarity among data values with quantitative measure, and thus it enables query results to be ranked. To verify the practicality and effectiveness of the MKAH, we have implemented a prototype system in the area of career job search. Through various experiments, we show that the MKAH provides rich semantic representation and high quality distance measure. Furthermore, the experiments confirm that the domain adopting the MKAH can be compatible with other numeric domains, and that is advantageous in building up large scaled systems. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
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