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    Modelling strains of concrete exposed to alkali-silica reaction in variable hygro-thermal conditions

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    A mathematical model of combined action of hygro-thermal, chemical and mechanical loads is proposed to describe chemical degradation of concrete due to ASR. The model is based on mechanics of multiphase reactive porous media. The mass-, energy- and momentum balance equations, as well as constitutive and physical relationships necessary for modelling the ASR in variable environmental conditions, are presented. A method for their numerical solution with the finite element and finite differences methods is described. The proposed mathematical model is validated by comparing the simulation results with some published experimental data concerning hygro-thermal processes and ASR expansion of concrete specimens in different hygro-thermal conditions, both constant and variable in time

    Modelling of concrete degradation due to alkali - silica reaction in variable hygro-thermal conditions

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    Durability of cement based materials in normal and chemically aggressive environment has been an important subject of research in recent two decades. Several mathematical models have been developed for predicting the service life of concrete structures. Different chemical degradation processes are considered, including also those due to the Alkali - Silica Reaction (ASR). Most of the models describing the latter process are based on a phenomenological approach. Here a mechanistic-type approach to mathematical modelling of chemical degradation of concrete, based on mechanics of multiphase porous media, due to combined action of hygro-thermal, chemical and mechanical loads, is presented. Then the model has been applied to the concrete degradation due to ASR reaction and the sensitivity analysis of the model for variations of some selected material parameters, has been performed

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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