1,720,999 research outputs found
Membership vs Typicality in Sentence Verification Tasks: Implications for the Fuzzy Set Theory of Concepts
Get PDFGoing Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The role of auditory and visual information in the discrimination of the speed of penalty kicks
No full textIn recent years, there is a growing interest towards the role of auditory information in sport. The majority of studies in this area focused on the use of sounds deriving from well-executed sport gestures/movements as a mean to improve sport performances, highlighting that such interventions can be even more effective than those based on visual information [1]. On the other hand, there are just a few studies that focused on athletes’ response to sounds that do not derive from the self, but that can influence their performances to a significant degree as well [2].
The present study fits the latter perspective, as its aim is to compare the role of visual and auditory information in the discrimination of the speed of penalty kicks. To this purpose, 13 amateur soccer players were asked to discriminate the speed of a soccer ball kicked by another player, according to a two alternative forced choice paradigm. The task was carried out in three conditions: Audio-video, Audio, and Video. Depending on the condition, the stimuli consisted of audio and/or video recordings of penalty kicks from the goalkeeper's perspective; the stimuli were temporally occluded at the moment of foot-ball contact, so that in all the conditions, the information available to the participants concerned the run-up of the penalty taker and the impact between his foot and the ball. Participants were instructed to watch and/or listen to two stimuli presented in a rapid sequence in order to discriminate whether the second shot was faster or slower than the first one, by pressing one of two keys on a keyboard. Participants, who were required to be both fast and accurate, were exposed to 60 pairs of stimuli for each condition; after 30 pairs of stimuli, the response keys were inverted to control for the dominant hand effect. The three sessions (Audio-video, Audio, and Video) occurred in three different days, and the order of the sessions was counterbalanced among participants.
Both the percentage of correct responses (response accuracy) and the average response times were calculated. As concerns response accuracy, a set of one-sample t-tests revealed that participants’ accuracy was significantly above the chance level (i.e., 50% of correct responses) in all three conditions, while a repeated measures ANOVA showed no differences between the conditions. As concerns response times, a repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of the condition; then, a set of paired samples t-tests highlighted that in the Audio-video and in the Audio conditions participants were significantly faster than in the Video condition.
The results suggest that auditory and visual information associated with penalty kicks is equally reliable for discriminating their speed, whereas the former is processed faster than the latter. This outcome is in line with previous laboratory studies, which highlighted lower reaction times in response to auditory stimuli in comparison to visual ones [3, 4]. Further research is needed to evaluate if the same applies also to other sport situations. If that would be the case, new training paradigms keeping this aspect into consideration could be developed and tested in order to find out whether they can be effective in improving athletes' performances.
References
1. Sors, F., Gerbino, W., & Agostini, T. (2014). Auditory modeling in sport: Theoretical framework and practical applications. In TSPC2014 - Proceedings of the Trieste Symposium on Perception and Cognition, pp. 35-37.
2. Brown, A. M., Kenwell, Z. R., Maraj, B. K., & Collins, D. F. (2008). “Go” signal intensity influences the sprint start. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 40(6), 1142-1148.
3. Jain, A., Bansal, R., Kumar, A., & Singh, K. D. (2015). A comparative study of visual and auditory reaction times on the basis of gender and physical activity levels of medical first year students. International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research, 5(2), 124-127.
4. Shelton, J., & Kumar, G. P. (2010). Comparison between auditory and visual simple reaction times. Neuroscience & Medicine, 1(01), 30-32
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