757 research outputs found
A naval travesty : the dismissal of Admiral Sir John Jellicoe, 1917
No full textThis dissertation relates to the dismissal of Admiral Jellicoe, First Sea Lord from November 1916 to December 1917, by Sir Eric Geddes, First Lord of the Admiralty, at the behest of the Prime Minister, David Lloyd George. The dismissal was peremptory and effected without rational explanation, despite Jellicoe having largely fulfilled his primary mission of combating the German U-boat threat to British merchant shipping. The outcome of the war may well have been affected if the level of shipping losses sustained through U-boat attack in April 1917 had continued unabated.
The central argument of the dissertation is that the dismissal was unjustified. As an adjunct, it argues that the received view of certain historians that Jellicoe was not successful as First Sea Lord is unwarranted and originates from severe post war critism of Jellicoe by those with a vested interest in justifying the dismissal, notably Lloyd George.
Supporting these arguments, the following assertions are made. Firstly, given the legacy Jellicoe inherited when joining the Admiralty, through the strategies adopted, organisational changes made and initiatives undertaken in anti-submarine weapons development, the progress made in countering the U-boat threat was notable. Secondly, the universal criticism directed at the Admiralty over the perceived delay in introducing a general convoy system for merchant shipping is not sustainable having regard to primary source documentation. Thirdly, incidents that occurred during the latter part of 1917, and suggested as being factors which contributed to the dismissal, can be discounted. Fourthly, Lloyd George conspired to involve General Haig, Commander of the British Forces France, and the press baron, Lord Northcliffe, in his efforts to mitigate any potential controversy that might result from Jellicoe’s removal from office. Finally, the arguments made by a number of commentators that the Admiralty performed better under Jellicoe’s successor, Admiral Wemyss, is misconceived
Measurement of the production and differential cross sections of W+W- bosons in association with jets in pp¯ collisions at ?s = 1.96TeV
No full textCitation: Aaltonen, T., Amerio, S., Amidei, D., Anastassov, A., Annovi, A., Antos, J., . . . Zucchelli, S. (2015). Measurement of the production and differential cross sections of W+W- bosons in association with jets in pp¯ collisions at ?s = 1.96TeV. Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology, 91(11). doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.91.111101We present a measurement of the W-boson-pair production cross section in pp¯ collisions at 1.96 TeV center-of-mass energy and the first measurement of the differential cross section as a function of jet multiplicity and leading-jet energy. The W+W- cross section is measured in the final state comprising two charged leptons and neutrinos, where either charged lepton can be an electron or a muon. Using data collected by the CDF experiment corresponding to 9.7fb-1 of integrated luminosity, a total of 3027 collision events consistent with W+W- production are observed with an estimated background contribution of 1790 ± 190 events. The measured total cross section is ?(pp¯ ? W+W-)= 14.0 ± 0.6 (stat)-1.0+1.2 (syst) ± 0.8 (lumi) pb, consistent with the standard model prediction. © 2015; American Physical Society. All righs reserved.Additional Authors: Badgett, W.;Bae, T.;Barbaro-Galtieri, A.;Barnes, V. E.;Barnett, B. A.;Barria, P.;Bartos, P.;Bauce, M.;Bedeschi, F.;Behari, S.;Bellettini, G.;Bellinger, J.;Benjamin, D.;Beretvas, A.;Bhatti, A.;Bland, K. R.;Blumenfeld, B.;Bocci, A.;Bodek, A.;Bortoletto, D.;Boudreau, J.;Boveia, A.;Brigliadori, L.;Bromberg, C.;Brucken, E.;Budagov, J.;Budd, H. S.;Burkett, K.;Busetto, G.;Bussey, P.;Butti, P.;Buzatu, A.;Calamba, A.;Camarda, S.;Campanelli, M.;Canelli, F.;Carls, B.;Carlsmith, D.;Carosi, R.;Carrillo, S.;Casal, B.;Casarsa, M.;Castro, A.;Catastini, P.;Cauz, D.;Cavaliere, V.;Cerri, A.;Cerrito, L.;Chen, Y. C.;Chertok, M.;Chiarelli, G.;Chlachidze, G.;Cho, K.;Chokheli, D.;Clark, A.;Clarke, C.;Convery, M. E.;Conway, J.;Corbo, M.;Cordelli, M.;Cox, C. A.;Cox, D. J.;Cremonesi, M.;Cruz, D.;Cuevas, J.;Culbertson, R.;D'Ascenzo, N.;Datta, M.;De Barbaro, P.;Demortier, L.;Deninno, M.;D'Errico, M.;Devoto, F.;Di Canto, A.;Di Ruzza, B.;Dittmann, J. R.;Donati, S.;D'Onofrio, M.;Dorigo, M.;Driutti, A.;Ebina, K.;Edgar, R.;Elagin, A.;Erbacher, R.;Errede, S.;Esham, B.;Farrington, S.;Fernández Ramos, J. P.;Field, R.;Flanagan, G.;Forrest, R.;Franklin, M.;Freeman, J. C.;Frisch, H.;Funakoshi, Y.;Galloni, C.;Garfinkel, A. F.;Garosi, P.;Gerberich, H.;Gerchtein, E.;Giagu, S.;Giakoumopoulou, V.;Gibson, K.;Ginsburg, C. M.;Giokaris, N.;Giromini, P.;Glagolev, V.;Glenzinski, D.;Gold, M.;Goldin, D.;Golossanov, A.;Gomez, G.;Gomez-Ceballos, G.;Goncharov, M.;González López, O.;Gorelov, I.;Goshaw, A. T.;Goulianos, K.;Gramellini, E.;Grosso-Pilcher, C.;Group, R. C.;Guimaraes Da Costa, J.;Hahn, S. R.;Han, J. Y.;Happacher, F.;Hara, K.;Hare, M.;Harr, R. F.;Harrington-Taber, T.;Hatakeyama, K.;Hays, C.;Heinrich, J.;Herndon, M.;Hocker, A.;Hong, Z.;Hopkins, W.;Hou, S.;Hughes, R. E.;Husemann, U.;Hussein, M.;Huston, J.;Introzzi, G.;Iori, M.;Ivanov, A.;James, E.;Jang, D.;Jayatilaka, B.;Jeon, E. J.;Jindariani, S.;Jones, M.;Joo, K. K.;Jun, S. Y.;Junk, T. R.;Kambeitz, M.;Kamon, T.;Karchin, P. E.;Kasmi, A.;Kato, Y.;Ketchum, W.;Keung, J.;Kilminster, B.;Kim, D. H.;Kim, H. S.;Kim, J. E.;Kim, M. J.;Kim, S. H.;Kim, S. B.;Kim, Y. J.;Kim, Y. K.;Kimura, N.;Kirby, M.;Knoepfel, K.;Kondo, K.;Kong, D. J.;Konigsberg, J.;Kotwal, A. V.;Kreps, M.;Kroll, J.;Kruse, M.;Kuhr, T.;Kurata, M.;Laasanen, A. T.;Lammel, S.;Lancaster, M.;Lannon, K.;Latino, G.;Lee, H. S.;Lee, J. S.;Leo, S.;Leone, S.;Lewis, J. D.;Limosani, A.;Lipeles, E.;Lister, A.;Liu, H.;Liu, Q.;Liu, T.;Lockwitz, S.;Loginov, A.;Lucchesi, D.;Lucà, A.;Lueck, J.;Lujan, P.;Lukens, P.;Lungu, G.;Lys, J.;Lysak, R.;Madrak, R.;Maestro, P.;Malik, S.;Manca, G.;Manousakis-Katsikakis, A.;Marchese, L.;Margaroli, F.;Marino, P.;Matera, K.;Mattson, M. E.;Mazzacane, A.;Mazzanti, P.;McNulty, R.;Mehta, A.;Mehtala, P.;Mesropian, C.;Miao, T.;Mietlicki, D.;Mitra, A.;Miyake, H.;Moed, S.;Moggi, N.;Moon, C. S.;Moore, R.;Morello, M. J.;Mukherjee, A.;Muller, Th;Murat, P.;Mussini, M.;Nachtman, J.;Nagai, Y.;Naganoma, J.;Nakano, I.;Napier, A.;Nett, J.;Neu, C.;Nigmanov, T.;Nodulman, L.;Noh, S. Y.;Norniella, O.;Oakes, L.;Oh, S. H.;Oh, Y. D.;Oksuzian, I.;Okusawa, T.;Orava, R.;Ortolan, L.;Pagliarone, C.;Palencia, E.;Palni, P.;Papadimitriou, V.;Parker, W.;Pauletta, G.;Paulini, M.;Paus, C.;Phillips, T. J.;Piacentino, G.;Pianori, E.;Pilot, J.;Pitts, K.;Plager, C.;Pondrom, L.;Poprocki, S.;Potamianos, K.;Pranko, A.;Prokoshin, F.;Ptohos, F.;Punzi, G.;Redondo Fernández, I.;Renton, P.;Rescigno, M.;Rimondi, F.;Ristori, L.;Robson, A.;Rodriguez, T.;Rolli, S.;Ronzani, M.;Roser, R.;Rosner, J. L.;Ruffini, F.;Ruiz, A.;Russ, J.;Rusu, V.;Sakumoto, W. K.;Sakurai, Y.;Santi, L.;Sato, K.;Saveliev, V.;Savoy-Navarro, A.;Schlabach, P.;Schmidt, E. E.;Schwarz, T.;Scodellaro, L.;Scuri, F.;Seidel, S.;Seiya, Y.;Semenov, A.;Sforza, F.;Shalhout, S. Z.;Shears, T.;Shepard, P. F.;Shimojima, M.;Shochet, M.;Shreyber-Tecker, I.;Simonenko, A.;Sliwa, K.;Smith, J. R.;Snider, F. D.;Song, H.;Sorin, V.;St. Denis, R.;Stancari, M.;Stentz, D.;Strologas, J.;Sudo, Y.;Sukhanov, A.;Suslov, I.;Takemasa, K.;Takeuchi, Y.;Tang, J.;Tecchio, M.;Teng, P. K.;Thom, J.;Thomson, E.;Thukral, V.;Toback, D.;Tokar, S.;Tollefson, K.;Tomura, T.;Tonelli, D.;Torre, S.;Torretta, D.;Totaro, P.;Trovato, M.;Ukegawa, F.;Uozumi, S.;Vázquez, F.;Velev, G.;Vellidis, C.;Vernieri, C.;Vidal, M.;Vilar, R.;Vizán, J.;Vogel, M.;Volpi, G.;Wagner, P.;Wallny, R.;Wang, S. M.;Waters, D.;Wester W.C, III;Whiteson, D.;Wicklund, A. B.;Wilbur, S.;Williams, H. H.;Wilson, J. S.;Wilson, P.;Winer, B. L.;Wittich, P.;Wolbers, S.;Wolfe, H.;Wright, T.;Wu, X.;Wu, Z.;Yamamoto, K.;Yamato, D.;Yang, T.;Yang, U. K.;Yang, Y. C.;Yao, W. M.;Yeh, G. P.;Yi, K.;Yoh, J.;Yorita, K.;Yoshida, T.;Yu, G. B.;Yu, I.;Zanetti, A. M.;Zeng, Y.;Zhou, C.;Zucchelli, S
A gazetteer and summary of French pottery imported into Scotland c. 1150 to c. 1650 a ceramic contribution to Scotland's economic history Ceramic Resource Disc 3
No full textThe proposal for a series of published inventories, by countries, of all the imported medieval and post medieval pottery recovered from excavations and field walking in Scotland, was advanced on the final day of the Medieval Pottery Research Group’s conference held in Edinburgh in May 2001. Taking on the roll of creating a gazetteer and catalogue of French pottery in Scotland, it was the authors aim to build on the pioneering work of John Hurst and other medieval ceramicists and in the process make a contribution to the ongoing research on identifiable medieval and post-medieval ceramics traded around the North and Irish Sea
Evidence for W+W- production in (p)over-bar-p collisions at root s=1.8 TeV
No full textWe present results of a search for W+W- production through the leptonic decay channel W+W- --> l(+)l(-) in collision at root s = 1.8 TeV. In a 108 pb(-1) data sample recorded with the Collider Detector at Fermilab, five W+W- candidates are found with an expected standard model background of 1.2 +/- 0.3 events. The W+W- production cross section is measured to be sigma( --> W+W-) = 10.2(-5.1)(+6.3)(stat) +/- 1.6(syst) pb, in agreement with the standard model prediction. Limits on WW gamma and WWZ anomalous couplings are presented
Scottish late-glacial moraines: debris supply, genesis and significance
No full textA variety of moraine forms were deposited by glaciers during the
Loch Lomond Stadial. Study of such moraines and related landforms
provides a valuable source of data on patterns of landscape evolution
and climatic change. This thesis presents detailed case-studies of
moraines in geologically and topographically contrasting areas on the
Island of Skye, Scotland. Geomorphological mapping,
sedimentological analyses and mathematical modelling techniques
were employed to determine the principal controls on moraine
morphology, composition and distribution. Particular emphasis was
placed on the provenance, transport and deposition of debris, and
their spatial variation. The results were used to construct a summary
model of glacial landform evolution, which relates different
sediment-landform associations to spatial and temporal controls,
particularly basin lithology and structure, topography, position of
deposition and ice-margin activity.
The initial stage of deglaciation in the study area was marked by a
series of readvances and/or stillstands. During this stage, the
lower-lying glaciers were more sensitive to climatic amelioration
than the higher glaciers. The subsequent phase was characterised by
more rapid deglaciation. Evidence for one instance of late-stage in
situ glacier stagnation is described. The results indicate that
landforms hitherto grouped as 'hummocky -moraine' formed by a
variety of processes. Such moraines formed by (a) uneven deposition
of supraglacially and/or -subglacially-derived debris at active ice
margins, (b) deposition at the stagnant margins of otherwise active
glaciers, and (c) deposition during uninterrupted glacier retreat or
areal stagnation. Differentiation and analysis of so-called 'hummocky
moraine' enables glacier behaviour, during the Lateglacial to be
interpreted in great detail
MEASUREMENT OF THE W-BOSON MASS
No full textWe present a measurement of the mass of the W boson using data collected with the Collider Detector at Fermilab during the 1992-93 collider run at the Fermilab Tevatron. A fit to the transverse mass spectrum of a sample of 3268 W→μν events recorded in an integrated luminosity of 19.7 pb-1 gives a mass MWμ=80.310±0.205(stat)±0.130(syst) GeV/c2. A fit to 5718 W→eν events recorded in 18.2 pb-1 gives MWe=80.490±0.145(stat) ±0.175syst GeV/c2. Combining these results, accounting for correlated uncertainties, yields MW=80.410±0.180 GeV/c2. © 1995 The American Physical Society
Salmonella bongori provides insights into the evolution of the Salmonellae
No full textThe genus Salmonella contains two species, S. bongori and S. enterica. Compared to the well-studied S. enterica there is a marked lack of information regarding the genetic makeup and diversity of S. bongori. S. bongori has been found predominantly associated with cold-blooded animals, but it can infect humans. To define the phylogeny of this species, and compare it to S. enterica, we have sequenced 28 isolates representing most of the known diversity of S. bongori. This cross-species analysis allowed us to confidently differentiate ancestral functions from those acquired following speciation, which include both metabolic and virulence-associated capacities. We show that, although S. bongori inherited a basic set of Salmonella common virulence functions, it has subsequently elaborated on this in a different direction to S. enterica. It is an established feature of S. enterica evolution that the acquisition of the type III secretion systems (T3SS-1 and T3SS-2) has been followed by the sequential acquisition of genes encoding secreted targets, termed effectors proteins. We show that this is also true of S. bongori, which has acquired an array of novel effector proteins (sboA-L). All but two of these effectors have no significant S. enterica homologues and instead are highly similar to those found in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). Remarkably, SboH is found to be a chimeric effector protein, encoded by a fusion of the T3SS-1 effector gene sopA and a gene highly similar to the EPEC effector nleH from enteropathogenic E. coli. We demonstrate that representatives of these new effectors are translocated and that SboH, similarly to NleH, blocks intrinsic apoptotic pathways while being targeted to the mitochondria by the SopA part of the fusion. This work suggests that S. bongori has inherited the ancestral Salmonella virulence gene set, but has adapted by incorporating virulence determinants that resemble those employed by EPEC
Precise Measurement of the W-Boson Mass with the CDF II Detector
No full textWe have measured the W-boson mass M[superscript W] using data corresponding to 2.2 fb[superscript -1] of integrated luminosity collected in pp̅ collisions at √s=1.96 TeV with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. Samples consisting of 470 126 W→eν candidates and 624 708 W→μν candidates yield the measurement M[superscript W]=80 387±12[subscript stat.]±15[subscript syst.]=80 387±19 MeV/c[superscript 2]. This is the most precise measurement of the W-boson mass to date and significantly exceeds the precision of all previous measurements combined
Measurement of the polar-angle distribution of leptons from W boson decay as a function of the W transverse momentum in p(p)over-bar collisions ar root s=1.8 TeV
No full textWe present a measurement of the polar-angle distribution of leptons from W boson decay, as a function of the W transverse momentum. The measurement uses an 80+/-4 pb(-1) sample of p (p) over bar collisions at roots=1.8 TeV collected by the CDF detector and includes data from both the W--\u3ee+nu and W--\u3emu+nu decay channels. We fit the W boson transverse mass distribution to a set of templates from a Monte Carlo event generator and detector simulation in several ranges of the W transverse momentum. The measurement agrees with the standard model expectation, whereby the ratio of longitudinally to transversely polarized W bosons, in the Collins-Soper W rest frame, increases with the W transverse momentum at a rate of approximately 15% per 10 GeV/c
First run II measurement of the W boson mass at the Fermilab Tevatron
No full textWe describe a measurement of the W boson mass m(W) using 200 pb(-1) of root s=1.96 TeV p (p) over bar collision data taken with the CDF II detector. With a sample of 63 964 W -\u3e e nu candidates and 51 128 W -\u3e mu nu candidates, we measure m(W) = [80.413 +/- 0.034(stat) +/- 0.034(sys) = 80.413 +/- 0.048] GeV/c(2). This is the single most precise m(W) measurement to date. When combined with other measured electroweak parameters, this result further constrains the properties of new unobserved particles coupling to W and Z bosons
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