773 research outputs found
Intertemporal material deprivation
No full textIndividual well-being is multidimensional and various aspects of the quality of life of an individual need to be jointly considered in its measurement. The axiomatic literature on the subject has proposed many indices of multidimensional poverty and deprivation and explored the properties that are at the basis of these measures; see, for example, Chakravarty et al. (1998), Tsui (2002), Bourguignon and Chakravarty (2003), Diez et al. (2008), Bossert et al. (2009), and Alkire and Foster (2011)
A Generalized Index of Fractionalization
No full textpeer reviewedThis paper characterizes an index that is informationally richer than the commonly used ethno-linguistic fractionalization (ELF) index. Our measure of fractionalization takes as a primitive the individuals, as opposed to ethnic groups, and uses information on the similarities among them. Compared to existing indices, our measure does not require that individuals are pre-assigned to exogenously determined categories or groups. We provided an empirical illustration of how our index can be operationalized and what difference it makes as compared to the standard ELF index. This application pertains to the pattern of fractionalization in the USA
Deprivation and Social Exclusion
No full textSocial exclusion manifests itself in the persistent relative lack of an individual's access to functionings compared with other members of society, and we model it as being in a state of deprivation over time. We view deprivation as having two basic determinants: the lack of identification with other members of society, and the aggregate alienation experienced by an agent with respect to those having fewer functioning failures. Using an axiomatic approach, we characterize new individual and aggregate measures of deprivation and social exclusion. The aggregate measures are then applied to EU data for the period 1994-2001. Copyright (c) The London School of Economics and Political Science 2007.
Reference Groups and Individual Deprivation
No full textWe provide an axiomatization of Yitzhaki's index of individual deprivation. Our result differs from an earlier characterization due to Ebert and Moyes in the way the reference group of an individual is represented in the model. Ebert and Moyes require the index to be defined for all logically possible reference groups, whereas we employ the standard definition of the reference group as the set of all agents in a society. As a consequence of this modification, some of the axioms used by Ebert and Moyes can no longer be applied and we provide alternative formulations
Dynamic Measures of Individual Deprivation
No full textWe introduce and axiomatize a one-parameter class of individual deprivation measures. Motivated by a suggestion of Runciman, we modify Yitzhaki’s index by multiplying it by a function that is interpreted as measuring the part of deprivation generated by an agent’s observation that others in its reference group move on to a higher level of income than itself. The parameter reflects the relative weight given to these dynamic considerations, and the standard Yitzhaki index is obtained as a special case. In addition, we characterize more general classes of measures that pay attention to this important dynamic aspect of deprivation
Trzecia część ClavierUebung ze zbioru ClavierUebung I-IV wobec twórczości chorałowej Johanna Sebastiana Bacha
No full textChristoph Bossert has succeeded in proving symmetries in a serie of cycles inside of Bach’s composing, who are not known already, for example the Chorals of the Neumeister-Collection, the Welltempered Clavier, part 1 and part two and the third part of ClavierÜbung. Inside of ClavierÜbung III are 27 pieces, but 29 different parts belonging to the mesuring. In consequence Nr. 15 Vater unser im Himmelreich is the center, structered in 40 + 1 + 50 bars. The propotion 4 to 5 can be seen in Nr. 17 to 13 as well as Nr. 11 to 19. Another kind of argument for symmetrie are the two trios Nr. 9 and 21. In five pieces Nr. 4 to 26 as well as Nr. 11 to 19 and Nr. 15 as the central piece is the end structered in 13 bars or half bars. the often discussed question of tonality can be answered by the order of the basic ton of every piece – Nr. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 has two of them. The melodical line of the eleison inside the Kyrie can be seen as structure therefore, variated in shorter version, in revers and as inversion. One of the very special questions concern to Nr. 20 to 23 in fis, d, f and e. Because of the so structured order of basic tones it’s obvious, that all pieces without pedal and especially the Duettos belong to the whole work as a cycle as well as the pieces with pedal.Christophowi Bossertowi udało się udowodnić symetrię w serii zbiorów cyklicznych jako części procesu kompozycyjnego Bacha, które do tej pory nie były znane, na przykład w chorałach ze zbioru Neumeistra, w DWK cz. 1 oraz 2, jak również w trzeciej części zbioru ClavierUbung. Wewnątrz ClavierUebung znajduje się 27 utworów, tworzących za to 29 różnych części według przynależności poszczególnych metrum. Utwór nr 15, chorał Vater unser im Himmelreich, jest centrum o strukturze 40 + 1 + 50 taktów. Proporcja 4 do 5 może być zauważona w nr. 17 do 13, jak również w nr. 11 do 19. Innym rodzajem argumentu przemawiającego za symetriami są obydwie formy trio, nr 9 i 21. W pięciu utworach, nr 4–26, jak również 11–19 oraz 15 jako centrum, zauważalna jest podobna struktura ostatnich 13 taktów lub ich połowy. Często poruszana kwestia tonacji jest wyjaśniona ze względu na układ dźwięków tonicznych, które tworzą linię melodyczną wezwania eleison z części Kyrie, w formie skróconej, w raku i w odwróceniu. Na szczególną uwagę zasługuje pochód utworów od 20 do 23, w tonacjach fis, d, f i e. Z układu dźwięków tonicznych wynika, że utwory manuałowe włącznie z czterema duetami muszą być potraktowane jako strukturalnie należące do całości dzieła
Welfarism, Preferencism, Judgmentism
No full textIn a single framework, I address the question of the informational basis for evaluating social states. I particularly focus on information about individual welfare, individual preferences and individual (moral) judgments, but the model is also open to any other informational input deemed relevant, e.g. sources of welfare and motivations behind preferences. In addition to proving some possibility and impossibility results, I discuss objections against using information about only one aspect (e.g. using only preference information). These objections suggest a multi-aspect informational basis for aggregation. However, the multi-aspect approach faces an impossibility result created by a lack of inter-aspect comparability. The impossibility could be overcome by measuring information on non-cardinal scales.public economics ;
Trzecia część ClavierUebung ze zbioru ClavierUebung I-IV wobec twórczości chorałowej Johanna Sebastiana Bacha
No full textChristoph Bossert has succeeded in proving symmetries in a serie of cycles inside of Bach’s composing, who are not known already, for example the Chorals of the Neumeister-Collection, the Welltempered Clavier, part 1 and part two and the third part of ClavierÜbung. Inside of ClavierÜbung III are 27 pieces, but 29 different parts belonging to the mesuring. In consequence Nr. 15 Vater unser im Himmelreich is the center, structered in 40 + 1 + 50 bars. The propotion 4 to 5 can be seen in Nr. 17 to 13 as well as Nr. 11 to 19. Another kind of argument for symmetrie are the two trios Nr. 9 and 21. In five pieces Nr. 4 to 26 as well as Nr. 11 to 19 and Nr. 15 as the central piece is the end structered in 13 bars or half bars. the often discussed question of tonality can be answered by the order of the basic ton of every piece – Nr. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 has two of them. The melodical line of the eleison inside the Kyrie can be seen as structure therefore, variated in shorter version, in revers and as inversion. One of the very special questions concern to Nr. 20 to 23 in fis, d, f and e. Because of the so structured order of basic tones it’s obvious, that all pieces without pedal and especially the Duettos belong to the whole work as a cycle as well as the pieces with pedal.Christophowi Bossertowi udało się udowodnić symetrię w serii zbiorów cyklicznych jako części procesu kompozycyjnego Bacha, które do tej pory nie były znane, na przykład w chorałach ze zbioru Neumeistra, w DWK cz. 1 oraz 2, jak również w trzeciej części zbioru ClavierUbung. Wewnątrz ClavierUebung znajduje się 27 utworów, tworzących za to 29 różnych części według przynależności poszczególnych metrum. Utwór nr 15, chorał Vater unser im Himmelreich, jest centrum o strukturze 40 + 1 + 50 taktów. Proporcja 4 do 5 może być zauważona w nr. 17 do 13, jak również w nr. 11 do 19. Innym rodzajem argumentu przemawiającego za symetriami są obydwie formy trio, nr 9 i 21. W pięciu utworach, nr 4–26, jak również 11–19 oraz 15 jako centrum, zauważalna jest podobna struktura ostatnich 13 taktów lub ich połowy. Często poruszana kwestia tonacji jest wyjaśniona ze względu na układ dźwięków tonicznych, które tworzą linię melodyczną wezwania eleison z części Kyrie, w formie skróconej, w raku i w odwróceniu. Na szczególną uwagę zasługuje pochód utworów od 20 do 23, w tonacjach fis, d, f i e. Z układu dźwięków tonicznych wynika, że utwory manuałowe włącznie z czterema duetami muszą być potraktowane jako strukturalnie należące do całości dzieła
Ordering infinite utility streams comes at the cost of a non-Ramsey set
No full textThe existence of a Paretian and finitely anonymous ordering in the set of infinite utility streams implies the existence of a non-Ramsey set (a nonconstructive object whose existence requires the axiom of choice). Therefore, each Paretian and finitely anonymous quasi-ordering either is incomplete or does not have an explicit description. Hence, the possibility results of Svensson (1980) and of Bossert, Sprumont, and Suzumura (2006) do require the axiom of choice.Intergenerational justice; Pareto; Multi-period social choice; Axiom of choice; Constructivism.
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