3 research outputs found
DISTORSI SEJARAH ISLAM PADA MASA AL-KHULAFĀ AR-RĀSYIDŪN DAN DAULAH UMAYYAH (Tinjauan Kritis Buku Ajar Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam Madrasah Aliyah)
No full textDistortion in the history of Islam has been occured since the first codification of the history of Islam which supported by Shi’ites historian such as Abu Miḥnaf Luṭ bin Yahya and others. Distortion in modern era refers to hegemony of orientalism which has big influence and power in this field. Distortion was caused by religion, sect, money motive etc. This distortion spread from society to school. The distortion happened at Rashidun Caliphate’s time, which was started by rebellion toward Uṡmān. The rebelllion cause Uṡmān death. That killing has great implications; Jamal and Siffīn wars, Kharijites revolts, hatred from some groups toward Umayyad Caliphate and in other effects at ummah. This writing aims to find out a method in studying the history of Islam, distortion and its implications, different opinions between ṣaḥābat and Islamic view toward it. Author applied in writing this thesis bibliography method with historic-philoshopic approach from datas and evidences. Based on datas and evidences, the author can conclude that methods at researching, writing and teaching history of Islam is very important to purify the history of Islam from distortion. Distortion means attempt to mislead datas or misinterpert intentionally or unintentionally. Distorsions have bad effects at Islam and ummah. If datas and histories are distorted, it will estrange people from Islam slowly which found out at some people and groups. Teaching history of Islam at schools which also distorted need to be totally reformed started from researching, writing and teaching method. The different opinions between ṣaḥābat because of the death of Uṡmān. Ṣaḥābat had different opinions about hastening or postponing qiṡās to Uṡmān murderers which cause Jamal and Siffīn wars. The implications of different opinions between ṣaḥābat have big influence in people creed toward ṣaḥābat from that day until now. It also causes hatred from some people and sects toward Umayyad Caliphate because Mu’āwiyah; founder Umayyad Caliphate has some different opinions with Ali-raḍiyallahu’anhuma- besides other hatred factors. Distorsi sejarah Islam terjadi sejak masa awal penulisan sejarah Islam yang terutama dimotori oleh Syiah melalui periwayatan sejarawan seperti Abu Miḥnaf Luṭ bin Yahya dan lainnya. Pada masa sekarang terutama karena hegemoni orientalisme yang begitu kuat. Distorsi tersebut terjadi karena motif agama, sekte, materi dan lainnya. Hal tersebut menyebar di masyarakat hingga level sekolah. Distorsi tersebut terutama pada fase khulafaurrasyidin dengan pemberontakan terhadap Uṡmān hingga ia terbunuh yang berimplikasi panjang; perang Jamal dan Siffīn, pemberontakan Khawārij, kebencian sebagian kalangan kepada Daulah Umawiyyah dan efeknya yang lain di tubuh umat dalam banyak bidang. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui cara orisinil dalam studi sejarah Islam untuk menangkal distorsi, distorsi dan dampaknya serta perselisihan diantara para ṣaḥābat dan pandangan Islam menyikapi perselisihan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian bibliografi dengan pendekatan historis-filosofis dari data yang didapatkan. Berdasar data dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode studi sejarah Islam penting dalam upaya menjaga kemurnian sejarah Islam dari distorsi. Distorsi itu sendiri bermakna upaya menghancurkan Islam terlepas sengaja atau tidak sengaja. Dampak distorsi berpengaruh pada Islam dan umat, ketika informasi dan sejarah yang diterima terdistorsi, hal itu akan menjauhkannya dari agama secara perlahan-perlahan sebagaimana yang terjadi pada sebagian kalangan. Pengajaran sejarah Islam di sekolah pun ikut terdistorsi yang menunjukkan urgensi perbaikan menyeluruh yang harus dimulai dari metode penelitian, penulisan dan pendidikan yang orisinil. Perselisihan antar ṣaḥābat dipicu kematian Uṡmān yang terzalimi. Mereka berbeda ijtihad antara menyegerakan atau menunda qiṡās yang menyebabkan terjadinya perang Jamal dan Siffīn. Dampaknya di umat terasa terutama dalam masalah akidah terhadap ṣaḥābat sejak itu hingga sekarang. Hal tersebut juga mempengaruhi pandangan sebagian kalangan terhadap Daulah Umawiyyah mengingat posisi Mu’āwiyah; pendiri Daulah Umawiyyah yang berselisih dengan Ali -raḍiyallahu’anhuma- disamping sebab-sebab kebencian yang lain.</jats:p
CONTRACTING AGREEMENT: LAWSUIT FOR DEFAULT OR UNLAWFUL ACTION?
No full textThe legal relationship between the contractor and the employer creates reciprocal rights and obligations. Civil Law regulates this relationship under the name of a work contracting agreement, which can be made orally or in writing. Those who feel aggrieved can sue legally, either by filing a lawsuit for unlawful acts (PMH) or breach of contract (WP). However, it is necessary to pay attention to whether the lawsuit is really PMH or WP, as in the two judge\u27s decisions which rejected each lawsuit, thus arousing the author\u27s attention to find out more about the contracting agreement. The method used is normative research because it only analyzes legal material that is relevant to the subject matter, namely regarding work contracting agreements. The research results state that a contracting agreement is a reciprocal agreement, whether stated in written form or only verbally. This is based on the principle of freedom of contract so that each person or party has the right to determine the form and substance of the agreement in accordance with the agreement reached. Work contracting agreements are also consensual because after reaching an agreement, especially agreeing on price and work, the rights and obligations of the parties immediately arise. The application of the principle of pacta sunt servanda should be based on the good faith of the parties so that disputes do not arise because the implementation of the agreement is carried out responsibly by the parties. Based on contract law, the party who feels aggrieved must first send a summons before filing a lawsuit, both PMH and WP
An Embedded System for applying High Performance Computing in Educational Learning Activity
No full textHPC (High Performance Computing) has become more popular in the last few years. With the benefits on high computational power, HPC has impact on industry, scientific research and educational activities. Implementing HPC as a curriculum in universities could be consuming a lot of resources because well-known HPC system are using Personal Computer or Server. By using PC as the practical moduls it is need great resources and spaces. This paper presents an innovative high performance computing cluster system to support education learning activities in HPC course with small size, low cost, and yet powerful enough. In recent years, High Performance computing usually implanted in cluster computing and require high specification computer and expensive cost. It is not efficient applying High Performance Computing in Educational research activiry such as learning in Class. Therefore, our proposed system is created with inexpensive component by using Embedded System to make High Performance Computing applicable for leaning in the class. Students involved in the construction of embedded system, built clusters from basic embedded and network components, do benchmark performance, and implement simple parallel case using the cluster. In this research we performed evaluation of embedded systems comparing with i5 PC, the results of our embedded system performance of NAS benchmark are similar with i5 PCs. We also conducted surveys about student learning satisfaction that with embedded system students are able to learn about HPC from building the system until making an application that use HPC system
