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Ethiopian Airlines Role in Tourism Destination Competitiveness: Implications For Travel and Tourism Development in Ethiopia
No full text Mathewos W.Gebreyesus -- I am qualified with MA in Public administration ; MA in Tourism Management , BA in Marketing Management . And I am very much interested in undertaking research works in Travel and Tourism ; Social entrepreneurship and inclusive development aspects The relevance of air- transport goes far beyond the tourism sector. First, it is a catalyst for sociology-economic development. Second, it serves for the integration of host communities within the world community. Thirdly, it enhances the development of a strong Travel and Tourism sector in supporting the hospitality job creation, and also it raises national income. All in, it benefits the general competitiveness of economies through improvements in hard and soft infrastructure investment. And yet, tourism is increasingly promoted as an important source of economic growth, especially in Ethiopia, where its contribution has become crucially important to the country’s GDP growth ---this in turn, is believed in bringing about a positive impact on the travel and tourism industry GDP in general and hospitality industry employment in particular. However, without an efficient air transport system, it is almost impossible to ensure sustainable Travel and Tourism development, for the landlocked developing nations, like Ethiopia. Indeed, almost 100 percent of the international tourists arrival to Ethiopia have been ensured through Air-Transport in Ethiopia .To achieve the objective of the study, mixed research approach was employed. Primary data was collected through random sampling and purpose sampling techniques; concurrently from 360 international tourists who used to arrive in Ethiopia, in March and April 2019,from tourist generating regions, for leisure as well as business travel. And 40 participants were selected from the major stakeholders in the industry and subsequently, triangulation convergence design was applied. An important finding emerged in this study was that, despite EAL has been operating route network expansion in more than 107 bilateral destination-countries, and 126 destinations throughout the world, as a key role in attracting and onboarding inbound tourists through conventional and digital media aggressively; yet travel and tourism destination competitiveness Index (WTTC, 2007-2017) rank of Ethiopia since 2007- 2017/18, was averaged only 118.33/140). Hence, it hasn’t been significantly improved; nor Ethiopia’s world heritages hadn’t been well promoted by international tourists in the globe. Furthermore, the core finding of the study has shown that there was a loosely created synergy between the EAL’s key roles and its major stakeholders’ strategic plan. Ultimately; their plans were merely linked within the EAL’s vision 2020. However, a number of limitations need to be considered, due to tourist service infrastructure and a loosely created synergy among the major stakeholders in the industry; yet Ethiopia is not significantly benefited from the existing tourism potential---UNESCO’s world heritage sites in Ethiopia. Although the study has framed the preliminary findings, and yet further research should be done to better understanding of EAL’s key roles, in line with vision 2035, in tourism destination competitiveness perspective
Effectiveness of tax audit: A study in Kembata Tembaro Zone, Southern Ethiopia
No full textPurpose- The aim of the study is to assess factors affecting tax audit effectiveness as effective tax audit enhances tax administration. Research methodology – To achieve objective of the study, both qualitative and quantitative research methods have been employed. The Sample respondents selected for the study were 146 by employing purposive sampling technique out of which 106 questionnaires were returned back. Descriptive statistic and multiple linear regression analysis via Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 20.0 were employed. Findings- The result revealed that management support, audit quality, taxpayers’ awareness, and standardized integrated government tax administration system have statistically significant positive effect on audit effectiveness, while tax law complexity and tax accounting and reporting have statistically significant negative effect on tax audit effectiveness. Research limitations- The empirical research was carried out on tax audit effectiveness by using tax officials who are working in Tax Authority, but it did not include taxpayers in the study. Because of this and limited scope of the study area may not ensure that the indicated results are characteristic for the tax audit activity in Ethiopia at national level. Future researchers on the topic can include taxpayers’ opinion and widening the scope of the study area. Practical implications- It is recommended that the concerned authority should simplify the area of complex tax laws and encourage taxpayers who declare using relatively good accounting system by assessing tax on their accounting records rather than assessing by estimation. In addition, assessing tax on the specified period of five years to save taxpayers from the unnecessary burden of penalty and interest. Originality/Value- Previous studies din not address effect of tax audit in tax administrative functions on taxpayers’ registration, return reporting and effect of SIGTAS on tax audit
Postharvest Loss, Causes, and Handling Practices of Fruits and Vegetables in Ethiopia: Scoping Review
No full textIn vivo efficacy of artemether–lumefantrine against uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Dembia District, northwest Ethiopia
No full textTekalign Deressa,1 Mengistu Endris Seid,1 Wubet Birhan,1 Yetemwork Aleka,1 Biniam Mathewos Tebeje1,2 1School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; 2Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia Background: Artemether–lumefantrine (AL) has been used as a first-line treatment for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Ethiopia since 2004. Antimalarial drug resistance is one of the major obstacles for malaria control and curtails the lifespan of several drugs. Thus, continued monitoring of the efficacy of AL is of great public health importance in malaria endemic areas. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of AL for the treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in the Dembia district, northwest Ethiopia. Methods: A prospective study was conducted from April 2015 to February 2016 at Kola Diba Health Center (KHC) in the Dembia district to determine the therapeutic efficacy and safety of AL for the treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum monoinfection. Patients were treated with the six-dose regimen of AL over 3 days and followed up for 28 days as per the World Health Organization protocol. Results: Of the total 80 patients enrolled in the AL efficacy study, 75 patients completed the 28 days follow-up. None of the participants reported major adverse events. No early treatment failure or late clinical failure were observed during the study, but there were 6 (8.0%) late parasitological failures. The uncorrected per protocol cure rate of AL was 92.0 (95% CI: 85.7–98.3). Treatment with AL cleared parasitemia and fever in >95% of the patients by day 3. Conclusion: This study showed that AL is well tolerated and remains efficacious for treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in northwest Ethiopia. However, the observed late parasitological failures in this study are of a concern and warrant continued monitoring of drug efficacy as per the World Health Organization recommendations. Keywords: artemether–lumefantrine, uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum, Ethiopia, malaria, antimalarial efficac
Effectiveness of Tax Audit: A Study in Kembata Tembaro Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Get PDF Purpose- The aim of the study is to assess factors affecting tax audit effectiveness as effective tax audit enhances tax administration.Research methodology – To achieve objective of the study, both qualitative and quantitative research methods have been employed. The Sample respondents selected for the study were 146 by employing purposive sampling technique out of which 106 questionnaires were returned back. Descriptive statistic and multiple linear regression analysis via Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 20.0 were employed.Findings- The result revealed that management support, audit quality, taxpayers’ awareness, and standardized integrated government tax administration system have statistically significant positive effect on audit effectiveness, while tax law complexity and tax accounting and reporting have statistically significant negative effect on tax audit effectiveness.Research limitations- The empirical research was carried out on tax audit effectiveness by using tax officials who are working in Tax Authority, but it did not include taxpayers in the study. Because of this and limited scope of the study area may not ensure that the indicated results are characteristic for the tax audit activity in Ethiopia at national level. Future researchers on the topic can include taxpayers’ opinion and widening the scope of the study area. Practical implications- It is recommended that the concerned authority should simplify the area of complex tax laws and encourage taxpayers who declare using relatively good accounting system by assessing tax on their accounting records rather than assessing by estimation. In addition, assessing tax on the specified period of five years to save taxpayers from the unnecessary burden of penalty and interest.Originality/Value- Previous studies din not address effect of tax audit in tax administrative functions on taxpayers’ registration, return reporting and effect of SIGTAS on tax audit
Feeding Deterrent Activity of Melia azedarach Linn. and Phytolacca dodecondra (L'Herit) Plant Extracts Against Cabbage Flea Beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze)
Get PDFAbstract: Aim of the study was to evaluate feeding deterrent activity of cold and hot water extracts of Melia azedarach and Phytolacca dodecandra plant parts against cabbage flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae. Tap water was used for cold water extraction and 100°C boiled water was used for hot water extraction. Five concentrations (w/v) such as 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 g, respectively of powder/100 mL of water was used to check feeding deterrent activity by leaf discs method. Feeding deterrent activity of plant extracts was monitored for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, respectively post exposure period with 24 h interval. In addition, mean number of feeding holes were recorded after 96 h post exposure period. The cabbage leaf disc treated with 10 g/100 mL of plant extracts recorded 100% feeding deterrent activity after 24 h exposure period. After 48 h exposure period, except for Melia mature fruit (96.6%) remaining all the extracts recorded 100% feeding deterrent activity at 10 g/100 mL treatment. After 72 h exposure period, at higher concentration (10 g/100 mL), feeding deterrent activity of cold water extract of Phytolacca leaf (96.6%) was on par with hot water extract of Phytolacca leaf (96.6%) and immature fruit (96.6%). After 96 h exposure period, except for hot water extract of Phytolacca leaves (93.3%), remaining all observed 100% feeding deterrent activity at higher concentration. The mean numbers of feeding holes were decreased in increased concentration of the plant extracts. Irrespective of the concentrations, minimum feeding hole was observed at 10 g/100 mL of cold and hot water extract treatment. These two plant extracts proved to be effective by preventing feeding nature of the insects under laboratory. If these plant extracts may provide similar results under field condition it may be useful for controlling flea beetles damage in cabbage crops
Do loss to follow-up and death rates from ART care vary across primary health care facilities and hospitals in south Ethiopia? A retrospective follow-up study
No full textWondu Teshome,1 Mehretu Belayneh,1 Mathewos Moges,1 Emebet Mekonnen,2 Misganu Endrias,2 Sinafiksh Ayele,2 Tebeje Misganaw,2 Mekonnen Shiferaw,2 Tigist Tesema2 1School of Public and Environmental Health, Hawassa University, 2Health Research and Technology Transfer Support Process, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples' Regional Health Bureau, Hawassa, Ethiopia Background: Decentralization and task shifting has significantly improved access to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Many studies conducted to determine the attrition rate in Ethiopia have not compared attrition rates between hospitals and health centers in a relatively recent cohort of patients. This study compared death and loss to follow-up (LTFU) rates among ART patients in hospitals and health centers in south Ethiopia. Methods: Data routinely collected from patients aged older than 15 years who started ART between July 2011 and August 2012 in 20 selected health facilities (12 being hospitals) were analyzed. The outcomes of interest were LTFU and death. The data were entered, cleaned, and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0 and Stata version 12.0. Competing-risk regression models were used. Results: The service years of the facilities were similar (median 8 and 7.5 for hospitals and health centers, respectively). The mean patient age was 33.7±9.6 years. The median baseline CD4 count was 179 (interquartile range 93–263) cells/mm3. A total of 2,356 person-years of observation were made with a median follow-up duration of 28 (interquartile range 22–31) months; 24.6% were either dead or LTFU, resulting in a retention rate of 75.4%. The death rates were 3.0 and 1.5 and the LTFU rate were 9.0 and 10.9 per 100 person-years of observation in health centers and hospitals, respectively. The competing-risk regression model showed that the gap between testing and initiation of ART, body mass index, World Health Organization clinical stage, isoniazid prophylaxis, age, facility type, and educational status were independently associated with LTFU. Moreover, baseline tuberculous disease, poor functional status, and follow-up at a health center were associated with an elevated probability of death. Conclusion: We observed a higher death rate and a lower LTFU rate in health centers than in hospitals. Most of the associated variables were also previously documented. Higher LTFU was noticed for patients with a smaller gap between testing and initiation of treatment. Keywords: antiretroviral therapy, primary care, loss to follow-up, death rates, Ethiopi
Who takes the medicine? Adherence to antiretroviral therapy in Southern Ethiopia
No full textWondu Teshome,1 Mihretu Belayneh,1 Mathewos Moges,1 Misganu Endriyas,2 Emebet Mekonnen,2 Sinafiksh Ayele,2 Tebeje Misganaw,2 Mekonnen Shiferaw,2 Palanivel Chinnakali,3 Sven Gudmund Hinderaker,4 Ajay MV Kumar5 1School of Public and Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia; 2Research Technology Transfer Process Unit, SNNP Regional Health Bureau, Hawassa, Ethiopia; 3Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Post-graduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India; 4Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; 5The International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, South-East Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India Background: Treatment adherence is critical for the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for people living with HIV. There is limited representative information on ART drug adherence and its associated factors from Southern Ethiopia. We aimed at estimating the level of adherence to ART among people living with HIV and factors associated with it in 20 randomly selected ART clinics of Southern Ethiopia.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we interviewed consecutive HIV patients on first-line antiretroviral regimen attending the clinics in June 2014 using a pretested and structured questionnaire. For measuring adherence, we used 4-day recall method based on “The AIDS Clinical Trial Group adherence assessment tool”. Patients were classified as “Incomplete adherence” if they missed any of the doses in the last 4 days. Data were singly entered using EpiData and descriptive analysis, and unadjusted odds ratios were calculated using EpiDataStat software. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed using Stata v12.0.Results: Of 974 patients interviewed, 539 (56%) were females, and mean age was 35 years. The proportion of patients with incomplete adherence was 13% (95% confidence interval: 11%–15%). In multivariate analysis, factors significantly associated with incomplete adherence included young age, being Protestant Christian, consuming alcohol, being single, and being a member of an HIV association. Psychosocial factors like stigma, depression, and satisfaction to care were not associated with incomplete adherence in the current context.Conclusion: The overall adherence to ART was good. However, there were certain subgroups with incomplete adherence who need special attention. The health care providers (especially counselors) need to be aware of these subgroups and tailor their counseling to improve adherence among these groups. Exploratory qualitative studies may help uncover the exact reasons for incomplete adherence. Keywords: operational research, SORT IT, treatment complianc
Projection of the total costs of breast cancer treatment excluding and including the values of fixed assets from the year 2021 to 2025.
No full textProjection of the total costs of breast cancer treatment excluding and including the values of fixed assets from the year 2021 to 2025.</p
