1,720,963 research outputs found
Critical View and Benefits Evaluation of the National Cancer Control Programme through the Prism of Three National Screening Programmes: ZORA, DORA and Svit, in Relation to Environmental Factors
Get PDFV zadnjih letih je pojavnost rakastih bolezni povsod po svetu v porastu. Podobno kot v drugih evropskih državah je tudi v Sloveniji rak na drugem mestu med vzroki smrti, po zadnjih podatkih pa je prišel že na prvo mesto. Tudi zato je bil v Sloveniji sprejet Državni program za obvladovanje raka, katerega primarni cilj je zmanjševanje bremena raka v Sloveniji. V ta namen so bili organizirani trije presejalni programi: DORA (za rak dojk), ZORA (za rak materničnega vratu) in Svit (za rak debelega črevesa in danke). Vsi presejalni programi so namenjeni temu, da se zniža obolevnost za tistim rakom, ki mu je namenjeno presejanje, pa tudi zato, da se zniža umrljivost. Presejanje pomeni uporabo čim preprostejših preiskav, ki med ljudmi brez kliničnih težav odkrijejo tiste, pri katerih je velika verjetnost, da imajo predinvazivno ali zgodnjo invazivno obliko raka, oziroma so izpostavljeni dejavnikom tveganja, za katere je znano, da povzročajo rak. Namen diplomskega dela je, predstaviti in kritično oceniti Državni program za obvladovanje raka z analizo do sedaj dostopnih podatkov treh presejalnih programov, ki delujejo v Sloveniji. Iz podatkov je razvidno, da je presejalni program ZORA učinkovit pri zmanjševanju incidence (od uvedbe pojavnost novih primerov raka padla za več kot 40%), rahlo pa pada tudi umrljivost. Podatki kažejo tudi, da če bo dovolj velika udeležba (več kot 70%), bosta tudi druga dva presejalna programa dala podobne rezultate.Over the past years, cancerous diseases occurrence has been increasing all around the world. Like in other European countries, cancer is the second cause of death in Slovenia, too. Because of that, the National Cancer Control Programme of Slovenia has been confirmed, of which the primary goal is to reduce the burden of cancer in Slovenia. For this purpose, three screening programmes have been organized: DORA (for breast cancer), ZORA (for cervical cancer) and Svit (for colorectal cancer). All screening programmes are intended to reduce morbidity, and also to reduce mortality. Screening means using a simple examination among people without clinical signs in order to discover those, who have a higher probability of having a pre-invasive or early invasive form of cancer or are exposed to risk factors that are known to cause cancer. The aim of the dissertation is to introduce and critically evaluate the National Cancer Control Programme through the analysis of Slovenian screening programmes data. From the data, we can see that the screening programme ZORA is effective in reducing incidence (occurrence has decreased by more than 40 %), and that the mortality is decreasing, too. Data shows that if the examination rate is high enough (more than 70%), the other two programmes will have given similar results
Kvaliteta odpadnih voda podjetja Fructal, živilska industrija d. d., s predlogi zmanjšanja bremena onesnaženosti
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UČINKI KROŽNEGA GOSPODARJENJA Z MEŠANIMI KOMUNALNIMI ODPADKI V SLOVENIJI - ŠTUDIJA PRIMERA
Get PDFWith the adjustment of the Slovenian legislation with the European one we have an obligation to increase the reuse and recycling target for municipal solid waste by up to 65% by 2030 and gradual limitation of the landfilling of municipal solid waste to 10% by 2030 (Directive 2008/98 on waste, 2015). This represents a major challenge for municipalities in Slovenia. This study contains a plan for establishing new waste treatment facility in the Municipality of XY. As all new constructions in Slovenia, the presented facility needs to provide all the environmental protective measures predicted by the legislation. Beside the legislation, it is also important to ensure that new waste treatment facilities will have a low or no effect on the environment. Based on the Environmental Protection Act and the Construction Act of Slovenia, measures to ensure long term monitoring of the waste treatment facility as a case study in the Municipality of XY are presented. Before constructing the new facility, the track of “baseline” – a one-year monitoring of the following environmental parameters was crucial: groundwater, air dust deposit, condition of the soil on the area where new facility will operate in the future.
The thesis points out the importance of the so-called track “baseline” monitoring of environmental parameters before new waste treatment facility will operate. This will be the basis for the introduction of operating monitoring for the new waste treatment facility in the future. Data for the analysis of presence of pollutants were acquired from groundwater, air dust deposit, soil sampling and containment of chemical pollutants. The following methods of analysis were employed in the acquisition of laboratory results of specific physical and chemical parameters: ion chromatography, gas chromatography, spectrophotometry, titration, inductive coupled plasma – mass detector, measurement with an electrode. It was determined that in the period between 2011 and 2012, the groundwater samples taken from three drilled wells containing pollutants as for example in the P-2 well there were adsorbable organic halogens - AOX, boron and mineral oils found. The results of the dust deposit show increased value of lead and zinc. More concerning are analysis of the soil samples where the quantity of copper at the MM2 measuring point were 530mg/kg, on 20 April 2012 the present critical level was 300 mg/kg. At the same measuring point (MM2) on the same day, the value of zinc was 650 mg/kg and almost reached the critical level of 720 mg/kg. The levels of heavy metals as cadmium, copper, lead and zinc in the soil samples taken at the MM2 and MM3 measuring points were at the warning level. All the detected parameters were evaluated and present a good basis for future operational monitoring of the environment in the area of the new waste treatment facility in the future.
This case study has shown that planned steps in the improvement of the waste management in the Municipality of XY are crucial to protect the environment. The analysis and interpretation present an important basis for planning and monitoring a new waste treatment facility which will help to improve our goals and reduce landfilling to 10% and increace recycling by up to 65% by 2030 as predicted by the Directive on waste (Directive 2008/98 on waste, 2015).Tako v Sloveniji kot v Evropski uniji se je po nekaj letih ekonomske krize, ki je zajela celotno Evropo od leta 2008 in je trajala do 2012, količina nastalih komunalnih odpadkov povečala. Komunalni odpadki v državah članicah predstavljajo okoljski problem v smislu odstranjevanja, obdelave in odlaganja oziroma sežiganja. V letu 2008 je bila na ravni Evropske unije sprejeta Direktiva 2008/98 o ravnanju z odpadki v Evropski uniji, ki močno posega v ključni element obdelave in predelave odpadkov. Posega na področje nastajanja in končne obdelave odpadkov na odlagališča. Pri tem je spodbudila veliko razprav o vpeljevanju tako imenovanega krožnega gospodarjenja z odpadki, ki je bil leta 2015 z nekaj amandmaji vključen v navedeno Direktivo. Odpadek dobi novo dimenzijo in po sistematizaciji se pravilno zbran, tretiran in pripravljen odpadek pripravi za nadaljnjo uporabo. Potrebno je poudariti, da nova Direktiva predvideva enotne formularje za javljanje podatkov o količini zbranih, recikliranih in odloženih odpadkov iz vseh držav EU v enoten portal Evropske unije. Opredeljuje zmanjšanje količine odloženih odpadkov do leta 2030, kar nekako prisili države, ki zaostajajo za recikliranjem in večino odpadkov še vedno odlagajo na deponije odpadkov in s tem negativno vplivajo na okolje. Odlagališča predstavljajo posreden in neposreden vir negativnega vpliva na okolje. Zato moramo v Sloveniji zagotoviti več možnosti in kapacitet za zbiranje, sortiranje in obdelavo odpadkov po novih smernicah EU. V lokalni skupnosti XY, ki ima okoli 156.000 prebivalcev, od leta 2010 tečejo priprave na učinkovitejše ravnanje z odpadki. Občina je izdala koncesije za ravnanje z odpadki in ker ni bilo pričakovanih rezultatov, so konec leta z odlokom ustanovili lastno podjetje za ravnanje z odpadki in pričeli z aktivnostmi za izgradnjo novega obrata za obdelavo in predelavo odpadkov. Določena je bila lokacija in v skladu s pravilniki in zakonom so pričeli pregledovati stanje v okolju na lokaciji, s čimer so želeli ugotoviti, katere potencialno negativne vplive bo imel novi obrat za ravnaje z odpadki na okolje. Ker je lokacija na vodovarstvenem območju, so veliko pozornosti namenili ugotavljanju stanja podtalnice, ki obenem predstavlja vir vodne oskrbe za vse mesto. Tako so v času med avgustom 2011 in junijem 2012 izvedli naslednje meritve okoljskih parametrovstanje podtalnice, stanje zemljin na območju, stanje prašnih usedlin
Investigation of possible health effects resulting from the reconfiguration of the Mrzlek water supply
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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