1,720,992 research outputs found
Eight dialectic benchmarks discussed by two artificial localist disputors
No full textDispute types can roughly be divided in two classes. One class in which the notion of justification is fundamental, and one in which the notion of opposition is fundamental. Further, for every single dispute type there exist various types of protocols to conduct such a dispute. Some protocols permit local search (a process in which one is allowed to justify claims partially, with the possibility to extend justifications on request later), while other protocols rely on global search (a process in which only entire arguments count as justifications). This paper integrates the two above-mentioned types of dispute with the use of a protocol that permits local search. The locality aspect is relatively new to computer scientists, while the detailed computational elaboration of the approach is relatively new to philosophical logicians. The proposed protocol is demonstrated with the help of eight benchmarks. These benchmarks are centered around the problem that co-concluding arguments sometimes accrue, and sometimes do not
Eight dialectic benchmarks discussed by two artificial localist disputors
No full textDispute types can roughly be divided in two classes. One class in which the notion of justification is fundamental, and one in which the notion of opposition is fundamental. Further, for every single dispute type there exist various types of protocols to conduct such a dispute. Some protocols permit local search (a process in which one is allowed to justify claims partially, with the possibility to extend justifications on request later), while other protocols rely on global search (a process in which only entire arguments count as justifications). This paper integrates the two above-mentioned types of dispute with the use of a protocol that permits local search. The locality aspect is relatively new to computer scientists, while the detailed computational elaboration of the approach is relatively new to philosophical logicians. The proposed protocol is demonstrated with the help of eight benchmarks. These benchmarks are centered around the problem that co-concluding arguments sometimes accrue, and sometimes do not.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Evolving novelty strategies for the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma in deceptive tournaments
Full text linkThis paper proposes that the concept of deception brought forward by novelty search research can be applied to the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma problem, and in doing so simultaneously fights the claim that Zero-determinant strategies can outperform any evolutionary opponent. Zero-determinant strategies are a special class of strategies where its moves are probabilistically conditioned on the previous outcome through careful mathematics. When compared with behaviors that merely attempt to obtain the highest score possible through objective search, more complex and above all unique behaviors generated from novelty search allows us to transcend the deception problem that come with certain configurations of an Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma tournament
Abstract argumentation Systems
No full textAbstractIn this paper, we develop a theory of abstract argumentation systems. An abstract argumentation system is a collection of “defeasible proofs”, called arguments, that is partially ordered by a relation expressing the difference in conclusive force. The prefix “abstract” indicates that the theory is concerned neither with a specification of the underlying language, nor with the development of a subtheory that explains the partial order. An unstructured language, without logical connectives such as negation, makes arguments not (pairwise) inconsistent, but (groupwise) incompatible. Incompatibility and difference in conclusive force cause defeat among arguments. The aim of the theory is to find out which arguments eventually emerge undefeated. These arguments are considered to be in force. Several results are established. The main result is that arguments that are in force are precisely those that are in the limit of a so-called complete argumentation sequence
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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