1,720,962 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Microbiote intestinal et vitamines B dans l’obésité sévère : le cas de la biotine
No full textObesity is a complex multifactorial pathology with many contributing factors, including the gut microbiota. The study of its functional role is a key component of understanding bacteria/host interactions. This functional potential is notably ensured through metabolites, among which we can find B vitamins. By investigating human metagenomics data, we observed an alteration in B7/B8 vitamin (biotin) metabolism at the host and bacterial level, in severe obesity. By performing a series of murine experiments, we demonstrated i) the contribution of the gut microbiota to biotin production, ii) the impact of a high-fat diet (HFD) on the alteration of biotin status for the host and the gut microbiota and iii) the action of the supplementation of biotin combined with a prebiotic (FOS) in restoring vitamin bacterial metabolism as well as improving metabolic and tissue impairments induced by HFD. We, then, tried to facilitate intestinal biotin absorption, known to be altered in inflammatory conditions, as found in obesity, via an intestinal anti-inflammatory (5-ASA) action. The 5-ASA, combined with FOS treatment in HFD-fed mice, was not efficient at restoring vitamin metabolism. Yet, this combination allowed an important limitation of metabolic alteration induced by the diet. Thus, these different interventions pointed out two main messages. First, the importance of vitamin status consideration in severe obesity. Second, the relevance of the use of combined therapies targeting different organs and metabolic pathways to improve obesity management.L’obésité est une maladie multifactorielle, à laquelle contribuent de nombreux facteurs, dont le microbiote intestinal. L’étude des fonctions qu’il assure est un élément clé de la compréhension des interactions bactéries/hôte. Ce potentiel fonctionnel s’opère par l’intermédiaire de métabolites parmi lesquelles on trouve les vitamines du groupe B. L’analyse de données métagénomiques a permis de mettre en évidence un déficit relatif en vitamine B7/B8 (biotine) au niveau de l’hôte et du microbiote intestinal en situation d’obésité sévère. En conduisant une série d’expériences chez la souris, nous avons démontré i) la contribution du microbiote dans la production de biotine, ii) le rôle du régime gras (HFD) dans l’altération du statut en biotine du microbiote et de l’hôte et iii) l’effet d’une supplémentation en biotine combinée à un prébiotique (FOS) dans le rétablissement du métabolisme vitaminique bactérien et l’amélioration des altérations métaboliques et tissulaires induites par le HFD. Par ailleurs, nous avons cherché à faciliter l’absorption de la biotine, altérée en situation d’inflammation comme observée dans l’obésité, via une action anti-inflammatoire intestinale (5-ASA). Le 5-ASA combiné au FOS, sous HFD, n’a pas permis de rétablir le métabolisme vitaminique, mais a entrainé une limitation importante des altérations métaboliques induites par ce régime. Nos différentes interventions ont donc mis en évidence l’importance de la prise en compte du statut vitaminique des patients en situation d’obésité sévère. Ces résultats renforcent l’intérêt de l’utilisation combinaisons de traitements, ciblant différents organes et voies métaboliques, dans l’obésité sévère
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Gut microbiota and B vitamins in severe obesity : the biotin example
No full textL’obésité est une maladie multifactorielle, à laquelle contribuent de nombreux facteurs, dont le microbiote intestinal. L’étude des fonctions qu’il assure est un élément clé de la compréhension des interactions bactéries/hôte. Ce potentiel fonctionnel s’opère par l’intermédiaire de métabolites parmi lesquelles on trouve les vitamines du groupe B. L’analyse de données métagénomiques a permis de mettre en évidence un déficit relatif en vitamine B7/B8 (biotine) au niveau de l’hôte et du microbiote intestinal en situation d’obésité sévère. En conduisant une série d’expériences chez la souris, nous avons démontré i) la contribution du microbiote dans la production de biotine, ii) le rôle du régime gras (HFD) dans l’altération du statut en biotine du microbiote et de l’hôte et iii) l’effet d’une supplémentation en biotine combinée à un prébiotique (FOS) dans le rétablissement du métabolisme vitaminique bactérien et l’amélioration des altérations métaboliques et tissulaires induites par le HFD. Par ailleurs, nous avons cherché à faciliter l’absorption de la biotine, altérée en situation d’inflammation comme observée dans l’obésité, via une action anti-inflammatoire intestinale (5-ASA). Le 5-ASA combiné au FOS, sous HFD, n’a pas permis de rétablir le métabolisme vitaminique, mais a entrainé une limitation importante des altérations métaboliques induites par ce régime. Nos différentes interventions ont donc mis en évidence l’importance de la prise en compte du statut vitaminique des patients en situation d’obésité sévère. Ces résultats renforcent l’intérêt de l’utilisation combinaisons de traitements, ciblant différents organes et voies métaboliques, dans l’obésité sévère.Obesity is a complex multifactorial pathology with many contributing factors, including the gut microbiota. The study of its functional role is a key component of understanding bacteria/host interactions. This functional potential is notably ensured through metabolites, among which we can find B vitamins. By investigating human metagenomics data, we observed an alteration in B7/B8 vitamin (biotin) metabolism at the host and bacterial level, in severe obesity. By performing a series of murine experiments, we demonstrated i) the contribution of the gut microbiota to biotin production, ii) the impact of a high-fat diet (HFD) on the alteration of biotin status for the host and the gut microbiota and iii) the action of the supplementation of biotin combined with a prebiotic (FOS) in restoring vitamin bacterial metabolism as well as improving metabolic and tissue impairments induced by HFD. We, then, tried to facilitate intestinal biotin absorption, known to be altered in inflammatory conditions, as found in obesity, via an intestinal anti-inflammatory (5-ASA) action. The 5-ASA, combined with FOS treatment in HFD-fed mice, was not efficient at restoring vitamin metabolism. Yet, this combination allowed an important limitation of metabolic alteration induced by the diet. Thus, these different interventions pointed out two main messages. First, the importance of vitamin status consideration in severe obesity. Second, the relevance of the use of combined therapies targeting different organs and metabolic pathways to improve obesity management
Microbiote intestinal et vitamines B dans l’obésité sévère : le cas de la biotine
No full textObesity is a complex multifactorial pathology with many contributing factors, including the gut microbiota. The study of its functional role is a key component of understanding bacteria/host interactions. This functional potential is notably ensured through metabolites, among which we can find B vitamins. By investigating human metagenomics data, we observed an alteration in B7/B8 vitamin (biotin) metabolism at the host and bacterial level, in severe obesity. By performing a series of murine experiments, we demonstrated i) the contribution of the gut microbiota to biotin production, ii) the impact of a high-fat diet (HFD) on the alteration of biotin status for the host and the gut microbiota and iii) the action of the supplementation of biotin combined with a prebiotic (FOS) in restoring vitamin bacterial metabolism as well as improving metabolic and tissue impairments induced by HFD. We, then, tried to facilitate intestinal biotin absorption, known to be altered in inflammatory conditions, as found in obesity, via an intestinal anti-inflammatory (5-ASA) action. The 5-ASA, combined with FOS treatment in HFD-fed mice, was not efficient at restoring vitamin metabolism. Yet, this combination allowed an important limitation of metabolic alteration induced by the diet. Thus, these different interventions pointed out two main messages. First, the importance of vitamin status consideration in severe obesity. Second, the relevance of the use of combined therapies targeting different organs and metabolic pathways to improve obesity management.L’obésité est une maladie multifactorielle, à laquelle contribuent de nombreux facteurs, dont le microbiote intestinal. L’étude des fonctions qu’il assure est un élément clé de la compréhension des interactions bactéries/hôte. Ce potentiel fonctionnel s’opère par l’intermédiaire de métabolites parmi lesquelles on trouve les vitamines du groupe B. L’analyse de données métagénomiques a permis de mettre en évidence un déficit relatif en vitamine B7/B8 (biotine) au niveau de l’hôte et du microbiote intestinal en situation d’obésité sévère. En conduisant une série d’expériences chez la souris, nous avons démontré i) la contribution du microbiote dans la production de biotine, ii) le rôle du régime gras (HFD) dans l’altération du statut en biotine du microbiote et de l’hôte et iii) l’effet d’une supplémentation en biotine combinée à un prébiotique (FOS) dans le rétablissement du métabolisme vitaminique bactérien et l’amélioration des altérations métaboliques et tissulaires induites par le HFD. Par ailleurs, nous avons cherché à faciliter l’absorption de la biotine, altérée en situation d’inflammation comme observée dans l’obésité, via une action anti-inflammatoire intestinale (5-ASA). Le 5-ASA combiné au FOS, sous HFD, n’a pas permis de rétablir le métabolisme vitaminique, mais a entrainé une limitation importante des altérations métaboliques induites par ce régime. Nos différentes interventions ont donc mis en évidence l’importance de la prise en compte du statut vitaminique des patients en situation d’obésité sévère. Ces résultats renforcent l’intérêt de l’utilisation combinaisons de traitements, ciblant différents organes et voies métaboliques, dans l’obésité sévère
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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