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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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No full textLa fibrose pulmonaire idiopathique (FPI) est caractérisée par une insuffisance respiratoire d'évolution fatale due à l'accumulation de tissu conjonctif, résultant d'une réparation aberrante de l'épithélium alvéolaire suite à des agressions multiples. Une forte prévalence du syndrome d'apnées obstructives du sommeil (SAOS) a été rapportée chez ces patients. De plus, l'exposition de souris présentant une fibrose pulmonaire à l'hypoxie intermittente (HI), un des éléments pathogènes du SAOS, aggrave la mortalité, l'inflammation et la sévérité de la fibrose. Certains patients FPI présentent une altération des variables ventilatoires et des régulations ventilatoires à l'hypoxie et à l'hypercapnie, sans que l'on en connaisse l'origine. Notre hypothèse est que les altérations pulmonaires pourraient impacter le fonctionnement du réseau de neurones ponto-bulbaire à l'origine de l'élaboration de la commande centrale respiratoire. L'objectif de ce travail était donc de comprendre les conséquences de la fibrose pulmonaire sur la ventilation et ses régulations, et de savoir si la modification de la rigidité pulmonaire pouvait influencer le fonctionnement du réseau respiratoire. De plus, nous avons étudié l'impact de l'HI dans ce contexte. Pour cela, nous avons développé et caractérisé un nouveau modèle murin de fibrose pulmonaire pour lequel nous avons montré qu'une modification de l'architecture pulmonaire pouvait conduire à une adaptation centrale du réseau neuronal respiratoire qui semble être accentuée par l'hypoxie intermittente.Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by a fatal respiratory distress due to the accumulation of connective tissue, resulting from aberrant repair of the alveolar epithelium following multiple insults. A high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) has been reported in these patients. Furthermore, exposure of mice with pulmonary fibrosis to intermittent hypoxia (IH), one of the pathogenic components of OSAS, induces higher mortality, inflammation and worsens the severity of fibrosis. Some IPF patients have altered ventilatory variables and ventilatory regulation to hypoxia and hypercapnia, but the origin of these alterations is unknown. Our hypothesis is that the pulmonary alterations could impact the functioning of the ponto-medullary neuronal network, which is responsible to the elaboration of the central respiratory drive. The aim of this work was therefore to understand the consequences of pulmonary fibrosis on breathing and its regulation, and to find out whether the modification of pulmonary rigidity could influence the functioning of the respiratory network. In addition, we studied the impact of IH in this context. To this end, we have developed and characterized a new mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis in which we have shown that a modification of the pulmonary architecture can lead to a central adaptation of the respiratory neuronal network, which seems to be emphasized by intermittent hypoxi
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The aggravating effect of chronic intermitten hypoxia on pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin and the involved molecular mechanisms
No full textLa fibrose pulmonaire idiopathique (FPI) est une pneumopathie fibrosante, caractérisée par l’accumulation de tissu conjonctif dans les poumons conduisant à une insuffisance respiratoire restrictive d’évolution fatale. Elle semble être la conséquence d’un dysfonctionnement de cellules épithéliales alvéolaires (CEA) et d’une activation aberrante des fibroblastes suite à des micro-agressions répétées de l’épithélium. Dans ce processus, un ensemble d’événements moléculaires et cellulaires sont mis en jeu et participent activement à la perte du phénotype épithélial. Parmi ces évènements, le stress réticulum endoplasmique (RE) semble jouer un rôle majeur et central. Par ailleurs, une forte prévalence du syndrome d’apnées obstructives du sommeil (SAOS) a été rapportée chez les patients FPI. Le SAOS se caractérise par une hypoxie intermittente (HI) nocturne due aux évènements obstructifs répétés des voies aériennes supérieures. L’impact du SAOS sur la pathogenèse de la FPI reste encore mal connu. Dans une première étude, nous avons montré dans un modèle murin de fibrose induite par la bléomycine et exposé à l’HI, une aggravation de la sévérité de la fibrose pulmonaire mise en évidence par une exacerbation de l’inflammation et des lésions tissulaires. Dans une seconde étude, nous avons montré que le stress du RE, élément pathogénique communs à la fibrose pulmonaire et à l’HI, pouvait être au moins en partie responsable de cet effet aggravant. Nous avons également mis en évidence que d’autres évènements cellulaires tels que la senescence pourraient être impliqués. Au cours de ce doctorat nous avons mis en évidence que l’HI avait des effets aggravants sur la fibrogènése pulmonaire au niveau tissulaire et moléculaire et que le stress du RE et l’induction des voies de l’UPR pourrait constituer un élément central critique. Ce travail contribue ainsi à la meilleure compréhension de l’impact du SAOS chez les patients FPI.Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fibrotic lung disease characterized by an accumulation of connective tissue in the lungs leading to fatal restrictive respiratory failure. It appears to be the consequence of alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) dysfunction and fibroblast aberrant activation in response to repeated micro-injuries of the alveolar epithelium. In this pathophysiological mechanism, several molecular and cellular events are involved and actively participate in the loss of the epithelial phenotype. Among these events, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress seems to play a major role. In addition, a high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) has been reported in IPF patients. OSA is characterized by nocturnal intermittent hypoxia (IH) due to repeated upper airway obstructive events. The impact of OSA on the pathogenesis of IPF remains poorly understood.In the first study, we showed in a murine model of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis exposed to IH an increase of pulmonary fibrosis severity through an exacerbation of lung inflammation and tissue damage. In the second study, we showed that ER stress, a pathogenetic element common to pulmonary fibrosis and IH, could be at least in part responsible for this aggravating effect of IH. We have also shown that other cellular events such as cellular senescence could be involved.During this PhD, we have demonstrated that IH induce an aggravating effects on pulmonary fibrogenesis at histological and molecular level and that ER stress and an induction of UPR pathways could be a crucial element. This work thus contributes to a better understanding of the impact of OSA in IPF patients
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Efecto de un plan controlado de ejercicio físico aeróbico submáximo sobre la oxigenación, marcadores eritropoyéticos y parámetros cardio-metabólicos en la eritrocitosis excesiva del Mal de Montaña Crónico
Get PDFLa eritrocitosis excesiva (EE; [Hb]≥21g/dl), es el signo característico del Mal de Montaña Crónico (MMC), y los tratamientos para esta condición incluyen sangrías, hemodiluciones, o el traslado del paciente a menor altitud. Estudios han mostrado que atletas nativos de altura mantienen el hematocrito (Hct) dentro del rango de valores de nivel del mar y, por lo tanto, planteamos es posible que el entrenamiento físico reduzca el Hct excesivo y con esto, la sintomatología del MMC. El objetivo fue investigar el efecto del entrenamiento sobre la eritrocitosis de altura en un modelo animal de ratas durante la aclimatación a la hipoxia y en un modelo humano de hipoxia crónica con MMC. Para esto, se estudiaron ratas durante la aclimatación a la hipoxia (PB=433mmHg/1mes) y a un grupo de varones de Cerro de Pasco (4340m) con MMC, ambos bajo un plan de entrenamiento de 1h/día-5días/semana/4semanas para animales, y de 1h/día- 4días/semana/8semanas para humanos. Los resultados mostraron una reducción significativa del Hct en ambos modelos, adicionalmente la sintomatología de MMC disminuyó significativamente en humanos. En conclusión, el entrenamiento en hipoxia crónica disminuye el Hct y mejora la sintomatología del MMC sugiriendo que el entrenamiento podría utilizarse como un nuevo manejo para el MMC.Excessive erythrocytosis (EE; [Hb]≥21g/dl) is the characteristic sign of Chronic Mountain Sickness (MMC), and treatments for this condition include bleeding, hemodilution, or transfer of the patient to a lower altitude. Studies have shown that native high-altitude athletes maintain hematocrit (Hct) within the range of sea level values and, therefore, we suggest that physical training may reduce excessive Hct and with it, the symptoms of MMC. The aim was to investigate the effect of training on high-altitude erythrocytosis in a rat animal model during hypoxia acclimation and in a human model of chronic hypoxia with MMC. For this, rats were studied during acclimatization to hypoxia (BP=433mmHg/1month) and a group of males from Cerro de Pasco (4340m) with MMC, both under a training plan of 1h/day-5days/week/4weeks. for animals, and 1h/day-4days/week/8weeks for humans. The results showed a significant reduction of Hct in both models, additionally the symptoms of MMC decreased significantly in humans. In conclusion, chronic hypoxia training decreases Hct and improves MMC symptomatology, suggesting that training could be used as a new management for MMC
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