126 research outputs found
Child soldiers and military actors: a variation in detention policies across liberal democracies
No full textThe professional militaries of Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom have increasingly recognized that children can become part of opposing forces and face the operational and policy decisions regarding their detention. These Anglo-Saxon, consolidated, liberal democracies demonstrate a high level of similarity, in terms of their shared norms and values, and common security practices. Nonetheless, these three countries have developed distinct policies on the detention of child soldiers. This dissertation addressed the question: what explains the cross-national variation in the development of policies on the detention of child soldiers in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States?In order to answer this research question, I proposed a series of hypotheses to examine the role of three strategic actors in the policy process: military lawyers, government officials, and representatives from non-governmental organizations. I analyzed data that required both quantitative and qualitative methods to test these hypotheses. Specifically, qualitatively, I performed a content analysis of a total of 69 semi-structured interviews; and, quantitatively, I used NVivo 11 coding query tools to generate numerical data to present aggregate results. These methods allowed for comparing the roles of these three actors in each national context. I utilized the comparative case study method to identify causal patterns across these three countries to offer a second test of these hypotheses. My dissertation suggested an explanatory relationship between NGOs’ choice of strategies and the policy outcomes in each of these three countries. First, the NGOs’ choice between different types of framing and how to engage in framing contests, during the agenda-setting stage, had far-reaching implications for the policy-making process. It defined the key terms and demarcated boundaries of the issue in a policy domain that abounds with contested elements. Second, the selection of strategies and decision-making venues simultaneously influenced the NGOs’ ability to shape policy outcomes during the policy formulation stage. Third, the application of the strategy of ‘naming and shaming’ during the policy implementation stage remained effective only if the NGOs applied it in combination with other policy instruments, such as the use of domestic litigation. This dissertation hopes to make an empirical contribution to the debate on how policy actors engage and shape outcomes in contested policy domains, which require balancing national security and human rights agendas.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Iuliia Hoba
Inhibitors of protein-protein interactions as innovative therapeutic strategy in oncology
No full textLes protéines BET, modules impliqués dans la régulation épigénétique, jouent un rôle essentiel dans le développement du cancer. Actuellement plusieurs inhibiteurs de protéines BET font l'objet d'essais cliniques pour le traitement de différents types de cancer. Une des limitations au développement clinique est l'impact général de la modulation génique induite par des inhibiteurs de type ‘pan-BET’ non sélectifs. Un ciblage individuel des protéines BET et la discrimination des domaines BD1 et BD2 conduiraient à un effet transcriptionnel plus spécifique limitant les effets secondaires et l’apparition de résistance. Le criblage d’une chimiothèque focalisée sur les interactions protéine-protéine a permis d’identifier deux molécules avec des profils de sélectivité uniques. Une étude de SAR a révélé le fragment minimal nécessaire à l’interaction ligand-protéine. La résolution de la structure cristallographique en complexe avec Brd4(BD1) a permis de valider nos interprétations et de développer des inhibiteurs BET plus puissants et sélectifs. Une stratégie de synthèse originale orientée vers une diversité structurale (DOTS) combinant le criblage virtuel et l’élaboration automatisée de bibliothèques focalisées a été utilisée. Ce travail a découvert un inhibiteur optimisé de BD1 avec une affinité de 100x supérieure à la molécule initiale et un ratio de sélectivité BD1 vs BD2 égale à 300. L’activité cellulaire d’inhibition du pro-oncogène c-Myc, au µM, a permis de valider le composé en tant que sonde moléculaire. Des études in vitro et in vivo permettront d'élucider le rôle biologique individuel de chaque BD et de valider l'intérêt de leurs développement en clinique.BET-proteins, acting as epigenetic readers, play an essential role in cancer development. To date, numerous potent inhibitors disrupting BET functions have been discovered, including several of them that are undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of different types of cancer. The common drawback limiting their use in clinical practice is an inability to distinguish between BET-members that may cause side effects and resistances. The selective targeting of individual BET and the discrimination between BD1 and BD2 present an opportunity to achieve more selective transcriptional effect. A midthroughput screening of previously designed chemical library allowed identification of two molecules with unique profiles of selectivity that have never been observed. An undertaken structure-based program revealed a minimum scaffolds necessary for binding. Taking together with resolved X-Ray structures it allowed the development of more potent and selective BET inhibitors by DOTS (diversity oriented target focused synthesis) strategy, combining virtual screening and diversity oriented library design. This optimization led to a potent inhibitor with up to 100-fold improvement of affinity to the target and up to 300-fold selectivity toward BD1. Dose-response downregulation of c-Myc levels in low micromolar range in cell assays allowed the validation of the identified molecule as a chemical probe. Further comprehensive in vitro and in vivo evaluations of this compound will enable elucidating the biological role of each bromodomain and a validation of the interest toward the development of selective inhibitors in clinic
Проблемы национального брендинга современной Испании
No full textВ данной работе рассматриваются теоретические аспекты территориального брендинга, комплексно проанализирована история развития брендинговой стратегии Испании, брендинговый потенциал и основные инструменты формирования имиджа данной страны. Отдельное внимание уделено роли брендинга испанских городов в национальном бренде на примере Барселоны. Автор также определяет проблемы и вызовы, с которыми сталкивается брендинг Испании в настоящее время, на основе чего предлагает практические рекомендации для разработки дальнейшей брендинговой стратегии южноевропейской страны. Также оценена возможность применения испанского опыта в российской действительности.This study presents the basic theory of territory branding as well as a comprehensive analysis of the history of national branding of Spain, its branding capacity, and the main tools of image making of the country. Separate attention is given to the role of branding of Spanish cities, Barcelona in particular. The author determines the problems and challenges that Spanish branding faces nowadays, and offers practical recommendations for further branding of the South European country. The possibility of applying the Spanish experience to national branding of Russian Federation is examined
PECULIARITIES OF TRANSLATION OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS MEANING THE ENVIRONMENTAL REALITIES
No full textThe author considers the role of phraseological units in the language picture of the world, as well as peculiarities of translation of phraseological units denoting the environmental realities
Negotiations and diplomatic protocol as a mean of political conflicts resolution
No full textThe author of the article made an attempt to prove the relevance and importance of such topic
as negotiations and diplomatic protocol as a mean of conflicts resolution. Bases of negotiations
were determined; etymology of word “protocol”, the role and importance of diplomatic protocol
for the development of modern international politics was described
"Not a man - but a cloud in trousers!" : two translations of Vladimir Mayakovsky's futuristic poem "A cloud in trousers" in comparison
No full textZu Beginn des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts gewann in der Kunst in Russland eine neue Strömung namens Futurismus an Bedeutung. Dessen Ziel war, alte Traditionen zu zerstören und eine neue Ästhetik zu schaffen. Werke dieser Richtung sind gekennzeichnet durch Neologismen, Metaphern, Jargon, falsche Zeichensetzung und Lautspiele. Majakowski verfasste 1915 das Werk “Облако в штанах/Wolke in Hosen”, das neben den oben genannten Merkmalen zahlreiche Anspielungen auf die damalige Ideologie und Politik enthält. Übersetzungen ins Deutsche wurden unter anderem von Karl Dedecius und Alexander Nitzberg angefertigt und werden in dieser Masterarbeit untersucht. Da zwischen den Übersetzungen etwa 26 Jahre liegen und die Übersetzer in ihren Übertragungen Tendenzen ihrer Zeit, Kultur, Übersetzungstraditionen und Ideologie widerspiegeln, unterscheiden sich diese. Um die Übersetzungen zu vergleichen, die Unterschiede zu identifizieren und zu erklären, wurde zunächst eine Analyse der Übersetzungsstrategien für Neologismen und Metaphern nach dem für diese Masterarbeit entwickelten Modell vorgenommen, wobei die bestehenden Modelle von Newmark, Schüler und Aixela als Grundlage dienten. Außerdem wurden die die Übersetzungen begleitenden Paratexte mit den später erschienenen Rezensionen sowie die unterschiedlichen Umfeldbedingungen beschrieben und miteinander verglichen. Im theoretischen Teil der Arbeit wurden drei große Themenbereiche erläutert: Lyrikübersetzungen, Neuübersetzungen und Paratexte, wobei letztere wichtig bei der Interpretation der Wahl der Übersetzungsstrategien sind. So konnten dank dem analysierten Material Unterschiede in der Wahl der Übersetzungsstrategien sowie in Stil, Rhythmus, Nähe zur:zum Autor:in und in der Rolle der:des Übersetzer:in festgestellt werden. All das kann dadurch erklärt kann, dass alle Übersetzungen einen „Handabdruck“ der:des Übersetzers:in tragen, die:der ein:e Träger:in einer bestimmten Zeit und Natur ist.At the beginning of the twentieth century, a new movement called Futurism gained importance in Russian art. Its aim was to destroy old traditions and create a new aesthetic. Works belonging to this trend are characterised by the usage of neologisms, metaphors, jargon, false punctuation, and sound plays. Mayakovsky wrote the work “Облако в штанах/A Cloud in Trousers” in 1915, which contains numerous allusions to the ideology and politics of that time in addition to the above-mentioned characteristics. Translations into German were made by Karl Dedecius and Alexander Nitzberg, among others, and are examined in this master's thesis. The translations differ as there is a gap of about 26 years between them, and the translators reflect trends of their time, culture, translation traditions, and ideology in their translations. In order to compare the translations, identify and explain the differences, first an analysis of the translation strategies of neologisms and metaphors was carried out using an adapted model, based on existing models of Newmark, Schüler and Aixela. In addition, the paratexts accompanying the translations were described and compared with the later published reviews, as well as with various framework conditions. In the theoretical part of the thesis three major topics were explored: poetry translations, retranslations, and paratexts, the latter being important in interpreting the choice of translation strategies. Thus, thanks to the analysed material, differences in the choice of translation strategies as well as in style, rhythm, proximity to the author, and in the role of the translator could be identified. All this can be explained by the fact that all translations contain a “handprint“ of the translator, who is a bearer of a certain time and nature.vorgelegt von Iuliia FörsterAbweichender Titel laut Übersetzung des Verfassers/der VerfasserinMasterarbeit Universität Graz 2023Text überwiegend Deutsch, Textbeispiele teilweise Englisch, teilweise Russisch Teilweise in kyrillischer Schrif
"Not a man - but a cloud in trousers!" : two translations of Vladimir Mayakovsky's futuristic poem "A cloud in trousers" in comparison
No full textZu Beginn des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts gewann in der Kunst in Russland eine neue Strömung namens Futurismus an Bedeutung. Dessen Ziel war, alte Traditionen zu zerstören und eine neue Ästhetik zu schaffen. Werke dieser Richtung sind gekennzeichnet durch Neologismen, Metaphern, Jargon, falsche Zeichensetzung und Lautspiele. Majakowski verfasste 1915 das Werk “Облако в штанах/Wolke in Hosen”, das neben den oben genannten Merkmalen zahlreiche Anspielungen auf die damalige Ideologie und Politik enthält. Übersetzungen ins Deutsche wurden unter anderem von Karl Dedecius und Alexander Nitzberg angefertigt und werden in dieser Masterarbeit untersucht. Da zwischen den Übersetzungen etwa 26 Jahre liegen und die Übersetzer in ihren Übertragungen Tendenzen ihrer Zeit, Kultur, Übersetzungstraditionen und Ideologie widerspiegeln, unterscheiden sich diese. Um die Übersetzungen zu vergleichen, die Unterschiede zu identifizieren und zu erklären, wurde zunächst eine Analyse der Übersetzungsstrategien für Neologismen und Metaphern nach dem für diese Masterarbeit entwickelten Modell vorgenommen, wobei die bestehenden Modelle von Newmark, Schüler und Aixela als Grundlage dienten. Außerdem wurden die die Übersetzungen begleitenden Paratexte mit den später erschienenen Rezensionen sowie die unterschiedlichen Umfeldbedingungen beschrieben und miteinander verglichen. Im theoretischen Teil der Arbeit wurden drei große Themenbereiche erläutert: Lyrikübersetzungen, Neuübersetzungen und Paratexte, wobei letztere wichtig bei der Interpretation der Wahl der Übersetzungsstrategien sind. So konnten dank dem analysierten Material Unterschiede in der Wahl der Übersetzungsstrategien sowie in Stil, Rhythmus, Nähe zur:zum Autor:in und in der Rolle der:des Übersetzer:in festgestellt werden. All das kann dadurch erklärt kann, dass alle Übersetzungen einen „Handabdruck“ der:des Übersetzers:in tragen, die:der ein:e Träger:in einer bestimmten Zeit und Natur ist.At the beginning of the twentieth century, a new movement called Futurism gained importance in Russian art. Its aim was to destroy old traditions and create a new aesthetic. Works belonging to this trend are characterised by the usage of neologisms, metaphors, jargon, false punctuation, and sound plays. Mayakovsky wrote the work “Облако в штанах/A Cloud in Trousers” in 1915, which contains numerous allusions to the ideology and politics of that time in addition to the above-mentioned characteristics. Translations into German were made by Karl Dedecius and Alexander Nitzberg, among others, and are examined in this master's thesis. The translations differ as there is a gap of about 26 years between them, and the translators reflect trends of their time, culture, translation traditions, and ideology in their translations. In order to compare the translations, identify and explain the differences, first an analysis of the translation strategies of neologisms and metaphors was carried out using an adapted model, based on existing models of Newmark, Schüler and Aixela. In addition, the paratexts accompanying the translations were described and compared with the later published reviews, as well as with various framework conditions. In the theoretical part of the thesis three major topics were explored: poetry translations, retranslations, and paratexts, the latter being important in interpreting the choice of translation strategies. Thus, thanks to the analysed material, differences in the choice of translation strategies as well as in style, rhythm, proximity to the author, and in the role of the translator could be identified. All this can be explained by the fact that all translations contain a “handprint“ of the translator, who is a bearer of a certain time and nature.vorgelegt von Iuliia FörsterAbweichender Titel laut Übersetzung des Verfassers/der VerfasserinMasterarbeit Universität Graz 2023Text überwiegend Deutsch, Textbeispiele teilweise Englisch, teilweise Russisch Teilweise in kyrillischer Schrif
Adjectival and Substantival Forms of the Adjective Божий in Modern Russian
No full textThe article examines the use of adjectival and substantival forms of the adjective Божий in modern Russian. The author draws conclusions as to regularities in the occurrence of morphological variants, which is conditioned by functional sphere of the text. The author also discusses due to which reason the adjective Божий unlike other possessive adjectives terminating in -ий is characterised in modern Russian by remarkable morphological variation confirmed by corpus data
Популярная музыка как инструмент политики «мягкой» силы США в России
No full textАмериканская популярная музыка широко распространена во всём мире, популярные американские исполнители могут и выполняют роль международных акторов. В данной работе изучается насколько популярна американская музыка в России и какое влияние американские артисты оказывают на российских поклонников. Чтобы достичь поставленной цели, автор стремится определить место, роль, функции популярной культуры и популярной музыки в международных отношениях. Автор анализирует российские музыкальные чарты за 2013-2017, что определить степень присутствия американской популярной музыки в России. Затем, автор при помощи метода case-studies рассматривает функции и результаты деятельности американских певиц: Рианны, Кэти Перри и Деми Ловато- в качестве послов международных организаций. Наконец, путём опроса среди поклонников, автор выявляет какое влияние оказывают на них американские исполнители, анализируя также ещё тексты песен.American popular music is widespread all over the world, popular American artists can and they act as international actors. This thesis studies how popular American music is in Russia and what influence American artists have on Russian fans. To achieve this goal, the author seeks to determine the place, role, functions of popular culture and popular music in international relations. The author analyzes the Russian music charts for 2013-2017 to determine the extent of the presence of American popular music in Russia. Next, the author, using the method of case studies, examines the functions and results of American -singers works (Rihanna, Katy Perry, and Demi Lovato) as ambassadors of international organizations. Finally, through a poll among the fans, the author reveals what influence the American artists have on them, analyzing also the lyrics
Spiritual mission of high school education
No full textThe author of the article attempted to analyze the spiritual foundations of
highschool education and its role and importance in modern Ukrain
- …
