1,219 research outputs found
Differential processing of symbolic numerical magnitude and order in first-grade children
No full textA growing body of evidence has indicated a link between individual differences in children's symbolic numerical magnitude discrimination (e.g., judging which of two numbers is numerically larger) and their arithmetic achievement. In contrast, relatively little is known about the processing of numerical order (e.g., deciding whether two numbers are in ascending or descending numerical order) and whether individual differences in judging numerical order are related to the processing of numerical magnitude and arithmetic achievement. In view of this, we investigated the relationships among symbolic numerical magnitude comparison, symbolic order judgments, and mathematical achievement. Data were collected from a group of 61 first-grade children who completed a magnitude comparison task, an order judgment task, and two standardized tests of arithmetic achievement. Results indicated a numerical distance effect (NDE) in both the symbolic numerical magnitude discrimination and the numerical order judgment condition. However, correlation analyses demonstrated that although individual differences in magnitude comparison correlated significantly with arithmetic achievement, performance on the order judgment task did not. Moreover, the NDE of the magnitude and order comparison performance was also found to be uncorrelated. These findings suggest that order and numerical magnitude processing may be underpinned by different processes and relate differentially to arithmetic achievement in young children. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Canadian Institutes of Health Researc
Corrigendum to “Overlapping and distinct brain regions involved in estimating the spatial position of numerical and non-numerical magnitudes: An fMRI study” [Neuropsychologia 51(5) (2013) 979–989]
No full textOverlapping and distinct brain regions involved in estimating the spatial position of numerical and non-numerical magnitudes: An fMRI study
No full textHow are numerical and non-numerical magnitudes processed in the brain? Brain imaging research, primarily using comparison paradigms (i.e. judging which of two magnitudes is larger),. has provided strong evidence demonstrating that the intraparietal sulcus (IFS) is a key region for processing both numerical (e.g. Arabic numerals, arrays of dots) and non-numerical magnitudes (e.g. height, brightness). These studies have suggested that there is both activation overlap and segregation in the brain regions involved in processing different dimensions of magnitude. In the present functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) study, we extended this line of investigation by probing the brain mechanisms underlying the mapping of numerical (Arabic numerals) and non-numerical magnitudes (brightness levels) onto a number line. Consistent with previous studies the present results revealed that number and brightness estimation was associated with overlapping activation within right lateralized areas of the posterior IFS. In addition, the contrast between number and brightness estimation revealed that bilateral anterior regions of the IFS are specifically involved in the process of estimating the position of symbolic numbers onto a number line. Furthermore, we found a significant influence of landmark reference points (0, 50 and 100) on brain activation in the right IFS for number estimation only. No regions were found to be specifically associated with brightness estimation. The results of this study reveal that the estimation of both numerical and non-numerical magnitude are associated with the engagement of a right lateralized magnitude system, but that symbolic number estimation is associated with additional engagement of bilateral regions of the anterior IPS. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Overlapping and distinct brain regions involved in estimating the spatial position of numerical and non-numerical magnitudes: An fMRI study
No full textThe left intraparietal sulcus adapts to symbolic number in both the visual and auditory modalities: Evidence from fMRI
No full textA growing body of evidence from functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging adaptation (fMRIa) has implicated the left intraparietal sulcus (IPS) as a crucial brain region representing the semantic of number symbols. However, it is currently unknown to what extent the left IPS brain activity can be generalized across modalities (e.g., Arabic digits and spoken number words) and how robust and reproducible numerical adaptation effects are. In two separate fMRIa experiments we habituated the brain response of 20 native English-speaking (Experiment 1) and 34 native German-speaking (Experiment 2) adults to Arabic digits or spoken number words. Consistent with previous findings, experiment 1 revealed numerical ratio dependent adaptation to Arabic numerals in the left IPS using both conventional and cortex-based alignment techniques. Experiment 2 revealed numerical ratio dependent signal recovery in the left IPS following adaptation to both Arabic numerals and spoken number words using both conventional and cortex-based alignment techniques. Together, these findings suggest that the left IPS is involved in symbolic number processing across modalities
Disputationis theologicae, in caput X. confessionis Helveticae, pars prior : de praedestinatione Dei et electione sanctorum
No full textquam ... sub praesidio ... Ioh. Henrici Heideggeri ... defendendam suscipit Thomas Veres-Egyhazi, Hungarus, author & respondens ...Dedikation an Stephan Dobozi, Johannes Erdödi, Andrea Balyk, Peter Csoka, Stephan Munkatsi, Johannes Kapolnasi, Matthaeus Pesti, Stephan Fenyes, Baltasar Barta, Peter Isa, Paul Pataki, Peter Nagy, Stephan Comaromi, Georg Martonfalvi, Georg Krizbai, Martin Szilagyi und Dionysius Bamfi auf Bl. A1v.Text teilw. arab. und hebr.Diss. Hohe Schule Zürich, 167
Evidence that anti-muscarinic antibodies in Sjögren's syndrome recognise both M3R and M1R
No full textInhibitory anti-muscarinic receptor type 3 (M3R) antibodies may contribute to the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome (SS), and putative anti-M3R blocking antibodies in intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) have been suggested as a rationale for treatment with IVIg. We investigated the presence of subtype-specific anti-MR autoantibodies in healthy donor and SS sera using MR-transfected whole-cell binding assays as well as M1R and M3R peptide ELISAs. Control antibodies against the second extracellular loop of the M3R, a suggested target epitope, were induced in rabbits and found to be cross-reactive on the peptides M3R and M1R. The rabbit antibodies had neither an agonistic nor an antagonistic effect on M3R-dependent ERK1/2 signalling. Only one primary SS (out of 5 primary SS, 2 secondary SS and 5 control sera) reacted strongly with M3R transfected cells. The same SS serum also reacted strongly with M1R and M2R transfectants, as well as M1R and two different M3R peptides. Strong binding to M1R and low-level activities against M3R peptides were observed both in SS and control sera. IVIg showed a strong reactivity against all three peptides, especially M1R. Our results indicate that certain SS individuals may have antibodies against M1R, M2R and M3R. Our results also suggest that neither the linear M3R peptide nor M3R transfectants represent suitable tools for discrimination of pathogenic from natural autoantibodies in SS.Abbreviations: SS, Sjögren's syndrome; MR, muscarinic receptor; ANA, antinuclear antibodies; CHO, Chinese hamster ovary; MAPK, MAP kinase; IVIg, intravenous immunoglobulin
: update 2019
No full textAbstract This article details an updated version of the principles of ethical authorship and publishing in the Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle (JCSM) and its two daughter journals JCSM Rapid Communication and JCSM Clinical Reports. We request of all author sending to the journal a paper for consideration that at the time of submission to JCSM, the corresponding author, on behalf of all co‐authors, needs to certify adherence to these principles. The principles are as follows: all authors listed on a manuscript considered for publication have approved its submission and (if accepted) approve publication in JCSM as provided; each named author has made a material and independent contribution to the work submitted for publication; no person who has a right to be recognized as author has been omitted from the list of authors on the submitted manuscript; the submitted work is original and is neither under consideration elsewhere nor that it has been published previously in whole or in part other than in abstract form; all authors certify that the submitted work is original and does not contain excessive overlap with prior or contemporaneous publication elsewhere, and where the publication reports on cohorts, trials, or data that have been reported on before the facts need to be acknowledged and these other publications must be referenced; all original research work has been approved by the relevant bodies such as institutional review boards or ethics committees; all relevant conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise, that may affect the authors' ability to present data objectively, and relevant sources of funding of the research in question have been duly declared in the manuscript; the manuscript in its published form will be maintained on the servers of JCSM as a valid publication only as long as all statements in the guidelines on ethical publishing remain true. If any of the aforementioned statements ceases to be true, the authors have a duty to notify as soon as possible the Editors of JCSM, JCSM Rapid Communication, and JCSM Clinical Reports, respectively, so that the available information regarding the published article can be updated and/or the manuscript can be withdrawn
TRA8/05 Variations on U-shaped Learning
No full texttutorial article, which has been submitted for publication in a journal or for consideration by the commissioning organization. The report represents the ideas of its author, and should not be taken as the official views of the School or the University. Any discussion of the content of the report should be sent to the author, at the address shown on the cover. JAFFAR, Joxa
Estudo da ebulição confinada subresfriada em experimento para testes em microgravidade
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Mecânica, Florianópolis, 2010O objetivo no presente trabalho é o de analisar em laboratório, sob aceleração da gravidade terrestre, g=9,8 m/s², o comportamento da ebulição nucleada subresfriada do n-Pentano, com e sem confinamento. As condições termodinâmicas de teste são próximas daquelas em que será testada a câmara de ebulição do presente estudo, sob microgravida-de, g ? 10-6 m/s², em um vôo do foguete suborbital VSB-30, pelo Pro-grama Microgravidade, gerenciado pela Agência Espacial Brasileira (AEB), cujo lançamento, previsto inicialmente para setembro de 2009, foi adiado para o corrente ano. Foram analisados os coeficientes de transferência de calor para a ebulição nucleada em condições específicas de nível de confinamento e temperatura inicial do fluido, para intervalo de tempo de 360 s, mesma duração do experimento em microgravidade. Uma particularidade do presente estudo é a variação de pressão da câmara de ebulição durante os testes. A seção de teste é um disco de cobre de 12 mm de diâmetro com a superfície aquecida de face voltada para baixo. O nível de confi-namento do líquido que ocupa o espaço próximo à seção de teste é ca-racterizado pela distância s entre o disco aquecido e o fundo da câmara de ebulição. Foram testados quatro valores de s: dois que representam uma condição confinada (s = 0,3 e 0,9 mm) e outros dois para condições não confinadas (s = 10,4 e 11 mm). Os fluxos de calor empregados po-dem ser considerados baixos e moderados (q"? 60 kW/m²). Os resultados mostraram uma queda do coeficiente de transferên-cia de calor quando se reduz s. Comportamento semelhante foi observa-do quando há uma redução da temperatura inicial do líquido no interior da câmara de ebulição, mantido o nível de confinamento. Os resultados experimentais foram comparados por duas correlações empíricas basea-das em grupos adimensionais, para os casos com e sem confinamento. Uma explicação dos mecanismos importantes durante a ebulição nucle-ada subresfriada e a visualização por meio de fotografias do fenômeno de ebulição também são apresentadas
- …
