1,721,410 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Functionalized surfaces based on metallic nanoparticles for optics and photonics
No full textDans le cadre de cette thèse, nous avons développé une technique expérimentale basée sur un traitement laser ultraviolet continu permettant la croissance de nanoparticules (NP) d’argent et/ou d’or dans des verres soda-lime préalablement dopés aux ions Ag+ et/ou Au3+. L’originalité de cette méthode réside dans la très forte photosensibilité du verre à la longueur d’onde utilisée (244 nm), par rapport aux résultats de la littérature. Dans les verres échangés à l’argent, des NP de grand diamètre (jusqu’à 250 nm) et très concentrées ont été obtenues et le mécanisme de leur formation a été explicité. Nous avons ensuite montré que les substrats ainsi fabriqués sont adaptés pour la détection d’espèces chimiques faiblement concentrées via l’effet de diffusion Raman exaltée de surface, en choisissant comme molécule test la rhodamine 6G, ce qui était le but initial de ce travail. Nous nous sommes ensuite intéressés à la nanostructuration du verre par des NP d’argent : ainsi, des lignes de NP (de diamètre 80 nm), périodiquement espacées de 160 nm ont été obtenues pour des durées d’insolation « suffisamment longues ». Après avoir caractérisé expérimentalement ces arrangements périodiques de NP d’argent, nous avons montré un très bon accord entre nos résultats expérimentaux et la théorie classique des ripples (ou modèle de Sipe). Ce résultat est sans aucun doute le plus original de ce travail de thèse. D’autre part, nous avons montré que l’insolation laser à 244 nm permet la croissance de NP d’or de diamètre 50 nm dans les verres dopés Au3+ par poling thermique. Le codopage du verre avec des NP d’argent et d’or a également été obtenuIn this thesis, we have developed an experimental method based on the use of a continuous ultraviolet laser to process a soda-lime glass doped with either Ag+ or Au3+ ions for the growth of silver and/or gold nanoparticles (NP). The main advantage of method lies in the very high photosensitivity of the glass at the laser wavelength (244 nm), compared to the results of the literature. In silver-exchanged soda-lime glasses, highly concentrated silver NP of large diameter (up to 250 nm) have been obtained and their growth is fully elucidated. We have then shown that these substrates are well-suited to get efficient surface enhanced raman scattering effect with rhodamine 6G as test molecule, which was the first aim of this thesis. A third part is then dedicated to the growth of periodic nanostructures embedded with silver NP at the surface of the glass. Silver NP (of average diameter 80 nm) are aligned along lines periodically spaced by 160 nm. After experimental characterization of these periodic arrangements, we have demonstrated very good agreement between these experimental results and classical ripples theory (known as Sipe’s model in the literature).This result is undoubtedly the most original result of this manuscrit. We have then shown that laser exposure at 244 nm allows the growth of gold NP in soda-lime glass beforehand doped with Au3+ ions by thermal poling. Codoping of the glass containing with both silver and gold nanoparticles has also been achieve
Elaboration of micro-nanostructured layers of titanium nitride (TiN) obtained by the process of nitriding sol-gel layers TiO2
No full textCes travaux de thèse ont pour objectif de présenter une méthode rapide et facile à mettre en œuvre pour l’obtention d’une couche de TiN micro-nanostructurée. Ce procédé repose sur la nitruration gazeuse à l’aide d’un four à recuit thermique rapide (Rapid Thermal Annealing, RTA) d’une couche micro-nanostructurée de TiO2 obtenue par la voie sol-gel. A partir d’une formulation sol-gel pouvant conduire à des matériaux photogravables, l’élaboration de couches minces a été étudiée, et plus particulièrement, la micro-nanostructuration de ces couches par différentes techniques lithographiques, sur des substrats plans ou cylindriques. Dans un second temps, la nitruration des couches de TiO2 conduisant à du TiN a été mise en œuvre à l’aide d’un four RTA, montrant tout l’intérêt de ce procédé. Une preuve de concept des propriétés plasmoniques est également décrite à travers la réalisation d’une couche micro-nanostructurée de TiN obtenue par la méthode de nano-impression présentant une excitation d’un mode de plasmons (SPR) dans la région de l’infrarouge proche.The goal of this thesis is to present a fast and easy method to obtain a micro-nanostructured TiN layer. This process consists on the gas nitridation of a micro-nanostructured layer of TiO2 obtained by the sol-gel process, using a Rapid Thermal Annealing (RTA) furnace. A photosensitive solution is used for the elaboration of thin layers. This solution can be micro-nanostructured by different lithographic techniques, on flat or cylindrical substrates. In a second step, the nitridation of TiO2 layers leading to TiN was implemented using an RTA furnace, showing the interest of this process. A proof of concept of plasmonic properties is also described through the realization of a micro-nanostructured TiN layer obtained by the nanoimprinting method exhibiting a plasmon mode excitation (SPR) in the near infrared region
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Surfaces functionalized with metal nanoparticles for optics and photonics
No full textCe travail de thèse porte sur l’élaboration et la caractérisation optique et structurale de films de silice ou de titane mésostructurés porteurs de nanoparticules d’argent. Il s’intéresse également aux propriétés photochromiques des films à base de titane. Pour ce travail, des films mésoporeux de SiO2, et de TiO2, amorphe ou anatase, ont été synthétisés par voie sol-gel et caractérisés. Après leur imprégnation par des ions métalliques, trois protocoles de réduction ont été utilisés. La croissance thermique favorise la coalescence des nanoparticules; des bâtonnets d’argent sont obtenus dans les films de silice hexagonaux 2D alors que des agglomérats se forment en surface et dans l’épaisseur des films de TiO2 présentant des pores sphériques. La réduction chimique permet une croissance rapide des nanoparticules d’argent dans les pores; des bâtonnets et sphères de taille et forme contrôlées sont obtenus dans les films de SiO2 et de TiO2, respectivement. La croissance optique des nanoparticules d’argent par photoréduction est aussi un procédé rapide; des nanoparticules avec une plus large distribution de taille que leurs similaires chimiques sont obtenues dans les films de TiO2, mais seulement quelques nanoparticules dans la matrice SiO2 en raison de sa faible réponse à l’UV. L’étude du comportement photochromique des nanoparticules d’argent déposées dans des films de TiO2 a démontré l’influence de la répartition initiale des nanoparticules et de l’intensité incidente sur la couleur du film. Un blanchiment du film optique ou chimique est observé après insolation avec une lumière monochromatique puissante, et un comportement multiphotochromique pour de faibles intensités lumineusesThis study is focused on the elaboration, and the optical and structural characterization of mesostructured silica and titania films incorporating silver nanoparticles. It also deals with the photochromic properties of titania films. For that purpose, mesoporous thin films of silica and amorphous or anatase titania were produced using sol-gel method and characterized. After soaking in a metal salt solution, three kinds of reduction processes were explored. The thermal route promotes coalescence of nanoparticles; silver nanorods are obtained in 2D hexagonal silica films, whereas aggregates are formed on the surface and in the thickness of titania films having spherical pores. Chemical reduction leads to a rapid growth of silver nanoparticles in the pores: silver nanorods and spheres with a controlled size and shape are obtained in the silica and the titania films, respectively. Optical growth of silver nanoparticles by photoreduction is also a fast process: nanoparticles with a larger size distribution than the chemically reduced films are obtained in the titania matrix, but few nanoparticles are obtained in the silica matrix due to their low response to the UV light. The photochromic behavior study of silver nanoparticles deposited in amorphous or anatase titania films shows the influence of the initial nanoparticle distribution inside the film and the irradiance intensities on the photo-induced color changes. A bleaching of the optically and chemically reduced film can be observed after irradiation with monochromatic visible light at high intensities and multiphotochromic behavior at low irradiance value
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